Metric system Dr. Robert M. MacKay Clark College Physics Clark College.
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Transcript of Metric system Dr. Robert M. MacKay Clark College Physics Clark College.
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Metric systemMetric system
Dr. Robert M. MacKay
Clark College PhysicsClark College
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Basic UnitsBasic Units
length (meters, m) time (sec, s) mass (kilogram, kg) (not weight)
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TimeTime
time (sec, s) 1/86 400 of a mean solar day 1 sec is the time required for 9, 192, 631, 770
oscillations of Cs-133 atom (1967)
www.time.gov
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MassMass
kilogram (kg) The mass of a standard object (relic)
SI system of Units: : http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/background.html
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LengthLength 1.0 meter (1/10 000 000 of distance from pole
to equator) distance light travels in 1/299 792 458 s (1983) 1 m =39.37 inches 1.0 inch = 2.54000000
cm 1 m = 100 cm (centi-meter) = 1000 mm (milli-meter) = 1 000 000 µm (micro-meter) = 1 000 000 000 nm (nano-meter) = 0.001 km (kilo-meter)
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metric prefixesmetric prefixes 1012 =1 000 000 000 000 tera (T) 109 =1 000 000 000 giga (G) 106 =1 000 000 mega (M) 103 = 1 000 kilo (k) 10-2= 0.01 centi (c) 10-3= 0.001 milli (m) 10-6 = 0.000 001 micro (µ) 10-9= 0.000 000 001 nano (n) 10-12=0.000 000 000 001 pico (p)
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Scientific NotationScientific Notation
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scientific notationscientific notation
38500 = 3.85 x104
0.00867 = 8.67x10-3
458 = 4.58 x10?
6700000 = 6.7 x10?
80000 = 8 x10?
0.00256 = 2.56 x10?
0.00000012= 1.2 x10?
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scientific notationscientific notation 3.85 x104 = 38500 8.67x10-3 = 0.00867 4.58 x10
6 = ?
6.7 x10-4
= ?
8 x108 = ?
2.56 x10-1
= ?
1.2 x10-6
=
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
How accurately are measurements made?
10cm 1 32 4
13.76cm - 10.00cm = 3.76 cm
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
How accurately are measurements made?
10cm 1 32 4
_____cm - _____ cm = _____ cm
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
How accurately are measurements made?
time= 2.176 s
2.176ms
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
How accurately are calculations made?
V=5.67 m/s t= 3.279 s
D=V t = ?
= 5.67 3.279 s
= 18.6 m
ms
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures How accurately are calculations made? For Multiplication or Division keep # of SF in least Significant value. Round off
After Calcs.
V=5.67 m/s t= 3.279 s
D=V t = ?
= 5.67 3.279 s
= 18.6 m
ms
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Significant FiguresSignificant Figures How accurately are calculations made? For addition or subtraction keep # of SF in least Significant value. Round off
before Calcs.
X1 = 23.4 m
X2 = 1.467 m
X3 = 123.0 m
23.4 m
1.5 m
+ 123.0 m
147.9 m
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Dimensional AnalysisDimensional Analysis
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Dimensional analysisDimensional analysis Is an equation reasonable (Is it wrong) L = L or L3 = L3 L/S = L/S
If a =12.0 m/s2 , t = 3.0s, and d is distance Which are incorrect?
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Dimensional analysisDimensional analysis If a =12.0 m/s2 , t = 3.0s, and d is distance Which are incorrect?
d = a t
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Dimensional analysisDimensional analysis If a =12.0 m/s2 , t = 3.0s, and d is distance Which are incorrect?
d = a t
= L
TL = L
T TT
? Not Correct!
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Dimensional analysisDimensional analysis If a =12.0 m/s2 , t = 3.0s, and d is distance Which are incorrect?
d = a t2
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Dimensional analysisDimensional analysis If a =12.0 m/s2 , t = 3.0s, and d is distance Which are incorrect?
d =
= LL = L
T TT T
? Possibly!
a t2
d = 1/2 a t2 is correct!
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Unit ConversionsUnit Conversions
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many yards are in 45 ft? 45 ft = 15 yd
1 yd = 3 ft
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many yards are in 45 ft? 45 ft = 15 yd
1 yd = 3 ft
1 yd 45 ft 3 ft
= 15 yd
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units How many centimeters are in 2.50 kilometer? Write down known value draw a line to separate numerator from denominator use a unit factor conversion to go from one unit to next use unit analysis to keep track of units
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many centimeters are in 2.50 kilometer?
2.50 km
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many centimeters are in 2.50 kilometer?
2.50 km1000m
1.00 km
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many centimeters are in 2.50 kilometer?
2.50 km1000m
1.00 km
100 cm
1.00m= 2.50x105 cm
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many cm3 are in 300 in3 kilometer?
300 in3
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many cm3 are in 300 in3?
300 in3
(1.00 in)3
(2.54 cm)3
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
How many cm3 are in 300.0 in3 kilometer?
300.0 in3
1.00 in3
16.39 cm3
= 4916 cm3
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
Convert 60 mi/hr to ft/s.
60 mihr
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
Convert 60 mi/hr to ft/s.
60 mihr
5280 ft 1 hr
3600 s1.00 mi
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Conversion of UnitsConversion of Units
Convert 60 mi/hr to ft/s.
60 mihr
5280 ft 1 hr
3600 s1.00 mi= 88 ft/s
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Conversion FunConversion Fun
Ratio of an igloo's circumference to its diameter = Eskimo Pi
2000 pounds of Chinese soup = Won ton
1 millionth of a mouthwash = 1 microscope
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Conversion FunConversion Fun Time it takes to sail 220 yards at 1 nautical mile
per hour =Knot-furlong
365.25 days of drinking low-calorie beer because it's less filling = 1lite year
16.5 feet in the Twilight Zone = 1 Rod Serling
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Conversion FunConversion Fun 1,000,000 aches = 1 megahertz
Weight an evangelist carries with God = 1 billigram
Basic unit of laryngitis = 1 hoarsepower
Shortest distance between two jokes = A straight line
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Conversion FunConversion Fun 453.6 graham crackers = 1 pound cake 1 million microphones = 1 megaphone 1 million bicycles = 2 megacycles 365.25 days = 1 unicycle 2000 mockingbirds = two kilomockingbirds
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Conversion FunConversion Fun
10 rations = 1 decoration 10 millipedes = 1 centipede 3 1/3 tridents = 1 decadent 10 monologs = 5 dialogs 5 dialogs = 1 decalog 2 monograms = 1 diagram 8 nickels = 2 paradigms 2 wharves = 1 paradox 100 Senators = Not 1 decision