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Metric Conversions, Roman Metric Conversions, Roman Numerals, and FractionsNumerals, and Fractions

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IntroductionIntroduction

Pharmacy measurements come from different regions of the world

The four most common types of calculation systems are:*Household measurements*Avoirdupois system

Pharmacy measurements come from different regions of the world

The four most common types of calculation systems are:*Household measurements*Avoirdupois system

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Metric SystemMetric System

Used throughout pharmacy because of its accuracy

Metric units include:Milliliters, cubic centimeters,

and * for volumeKilograms, grams, milligrams, and

micrograms for *Millimeters and meters for *

Used throughout pharmacy because of its accuracy

Metric units include:Milliliters, cubic centimeters,

and * for volumeKilograms, grams, milligrams, and

micrograms for *Millimeters and meters for *

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Metric System (Continued)Metric System (Continued)

There is a * -unit difference between each measurement

Most Common Metric Measurementskg______g________mg________mcg

1000x 1000x 1000x

There is a * -unit difference between each measurement

Most Common Metric Measurementskg______g________mg________mcg

1000x 1000x 1000x

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Metric System (Continued)Metric System (Continued)

The use of millimeters is reserved for drug calculations based on *

Knowing the basics for volume and weight conversions is adequate

The use of millimeters is reserved for drug calculations based on *

Knowing the basics for volume and weight conversions is adequate

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Writing Units Using Each System (Continued)

Writing Units Using Each System (Continued)

Metric measurements* and * can be used interchangeablyDry weights use mcg, mg, g, and kgLiquid volumes use ml and L

Metric measurements* and * can be used interchangeablyDry weights use mcg, mg, g, and kgLiquid volumes use ml and L

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Household MeasurementsHousehold Measurements

The most common measurement system still used in the United States is the *

Measurements come in a variety of units

Volume refers to liquidsWeight refers to *Length refers to distanceMost common measurement is the *

The most common measurement system still used in the United States is the *

Measurements come in a variety of units

Volume refers to liquidsWeight refers to *Length refers to distanceMost common measurement is the *

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Common Household Measurements

Common Household Measurements

Household Measurements Metric (Volume) (Volume) Household1 teaspoon 5 ml or cc* 1 teaspoon1 tablespoon 15 ml or cc 3 teaspoons1 cup 240 ml or cc 8 ounces1 pint 480 ml or cc 2 cups1 quart 960 ml or cc 4 cups1 gallon 3840 ml or cc 16 cups

or 3.84 L*Remember that 1 ml and 1 cc contain the same amount of liquid.

Household Measurements Metric (Volume) (Volume) Household1 teaspoon 5 ml or cc* 1 teaspoon1 tablespoon 15 ml or cc 3 teaspoons1 cup 240 ml or cc 8 ounces1 pint 480 ml or cc 2 cups1 quart 960 ml or cc 4 cups1 gallon 3840 ml or cc 16 cups

or 3.84 L*Remember that 1 ml and 1 cc contain the same amount of liquid.

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Oral cups show equivalent volumes between household to metric and

household to apothecary.

Oral cups show equivalent volumes between household to metric and

household to apothecary.

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ConversionsConversions

Metric system slideWhen converting metric measurements

from one unit to another you need to move the decimal either to the right or to the left

All changes of the metric system involve either dividing or multiplying *

Each unit is a multiple of 1000Remember the difference between 1

kg, 1 g, 1 mg, and 1 mcg is 1000

Metric system slideWhen converting metric measurements

from one unit to another you need to move the decimal either to the right or to the left

All changes of the metric system involve either dividing or multiplying *

Each unit is a multiple of 1000Remember the difference between 1

kg, 1 g, 1 mg, and 1 mcg is 1000

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Conversions (Continued)Conversions (Continued)

Method for determining metric conversions

Left RightLargest Smallest

1________1_______1_________1 1 kg 1000 g 1,000,000 mg 1,000,000,000mcg

Method for determining metric conversions

Left RightLargest Smallest

1________1_______1_________1 1 kg 1000 g 1,000,000 mg 1,000,000,000mcg

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Conversions (Continued)Conversions (Continued)

Decimals are not placed at the end of a number unless there is a fraction, such as 1.1 kg

Decimals and periods have been the * of mistakes in pharmacies

Decimals are not placed at the end of a number unless there is a fraction, such as 1.1 kg

Decimals and periods have been the * of mistakes in pharmacies

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Determining WeightDetermining Weight

Because all manufacturers provide proper dosing regimens based on *, it is necessary to convert pounds into kilograms

There are 2.2 pounds per kilogram16 ounces = 1 lb 2.2 pounds = 1 kgTo determine how many kg in 1 lb, divideTo determine how many lbs in 1 kg, multiply

Because all manufacturers provide proper dosing regimens based on *, it is necessary to convert pounds into kilograms

There are 2.2 pounds per kilogram16 ounces = 1 lb 2.2 pounds = 1 kgTo determine how many kg in 1 lb, divideTo determine how many lbs in 1 kg, multiply

Determining LengthDetermining Length

Metric Household/English

1 meter 39.372 in / 3.281 ft

0.914 meter 3 feet / 1 yard

0.3048 meters 12 inches / foot

2.54 cm 1 inch

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Roman NumeralsRoman Numerals

The number system commonly used in the United States is the * system, consisting of numbers 1, 2, 3, and so forth

Many physicians use * to indicate the quantity of tablets or capsules to be filled or to order the strength of medication

The number system commonly used in the United States is the * system, consisting of numbers 1, 2, 3, and so forth

Many physicians use * to indicate the quantity of tablets or capsules to be filled or to order the strength of medication

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Roman Numerals (Continued)Roman Numerals (Continued)

When working with Roman numerals, remember that if a larger number is placed in front of a smaller one, you must add both to determine the value

However, if a smaller number is placed before a larger number, then you must *

When working with Roman numerals, remember that if a larger number is placed in front of a smaller one, you must add both to determine the value

However, if a smaller number is placed before a larger number, then you must *

Roman Numeral Practice

Roman Numeral Practice

XIV =XC =CIV =XL =VIII =C =IV =

XIV =XC =CIV =XL =VIII =C =IV =

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Military TimeMilitary Time

In hospital settings, *, also known as military time, is used exclusively

Orders are written 24 hours a day and all medical-related caretakers must understand exactly when the order was written and when the medication or treatment is to take place

In hospital settings, *, also known as military time, is used exclusively

Orders are written 24 hours a day and all medical-related caretakers must understand exactly when the order was written and when the medication or treatment is to take place

Military Time (Cont’d)Military Time (Cont’d)

The system is based on 100 Starting with the first hour of the day, the

clock begins at 0100 (1 AM) through 2400 or 12 midnight

By using this system there is never any question as to when an order was written or which order came first

*

The system is based on 100 Starting with the first hour of the day, the

clock begins at 0100 (1 AM) through 2400 or 12 midnight

By using this system there is never any question as to when an order was written or which order came first

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Practice!Practice!

Grab a white board and a marker!Grab a white board and a marker!

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Question #1Question #1

A mother was told to give her 3 year old a ¼ cup of water every 4 hours. In 24 hours she will give the child ___A. 6 fluid ouncesB. 8 fluid ouncesC. 10 fluid ouncesD. 12 fluid ounces

A mother was told to give her 3 year old a ¼ cup of water every 4 hours. In 24 hours she will give the child ___A. 6 fluid ouncesB. 8 fluid ouncesC. 10 fluid ouncesD. 12 fluid ounces 22

Answer #1Answer #1

D – 12 fluid ounces

24 hours / every 4 hours = 6 doses6 doses x ¼ c = 1 ½ cups total1 c = 8 oz1.5c x 8 oz = 12 fluid ounces

D – 12 fluid ounces

24 hours / every 4 hours = 6 doses6 doses x ¼ c = 1 ½ cups total1 c = 8 oz1.5c x 8 oz = 12 fluid ounces

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Question #2Question #2

You assist a patient in wrapping an ace bandage around the leg. You use 30 cm. of ace bandage. How many inches did you use?A. 12 inchesB. 75 inchesC. 914.4 inchesD. 1000 inches

You assist a patient in wrapping an ace bandage around the leg. You use 30 cm. of ace bandage. How many inches did you use?A. 12 inchesB. 75 inchesC. 914.4 inchesD. 1000 inches 24

Answer #2Answer #2

A = 12 inches

1 inch = 2.54 cm

30 cm / 2.54 = 11.81 inches

A = 12 inches

1 inch = 2.54 cm

30 cm / 2.54 = 11.81 inches

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Question #3Question #3

How many days will an 8-ounce bottle of medication last, if an adult takes the maximum dose of 2 tsp. every 8 hours?

A. 8 daysB. 10 daysC. 15 daysD. 30 days

How many days will an 8-ounce bottle of medication last, if an adult takes the maximum dose of 2 tsp. every 8 hours?

A. 8 daysB. 10 daysC. 15 daysD. 30 days 26

Answer #3Answer #3

A – 8 days1 oz = 30 ml, 5 ml = 1 tsp8 oz x 30ml = 240 ml240 ml / 5 ml = 48 tsp in the bottle48 tsp in bottle / 2 tsp dose = 24 dosesDose every 8 hours / 24 hrs in a day = 3 doses per day 24 doses / 3 doses per day = 8 days

A – 8 days1 oz = 30 ml, 5 ml = 1 tsp8 oz x 30ml = 240 ml240 ml / 5 ml = 48 tsp in the bottle48 tsp in bottle / 2 tsp dose = 24 dosesDose every 8 hours / 24 hrs in a day = 3 doses per day 24 doses / 3 doses per day = 8 days

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Question #4Question #4

The doctor ordered 0.25 g. of a medication for the patient. The medication comes in 125 mg per 5 cc's. You should give _____.A. 2½ ccB. 5 ccC. 7½ ccD. 10 cc

The doctor ordered 0.25 g. of a medication for the patient. The medication comes in 125 mg per 5 cc's. You should give _____.A. 2½ ccB. 5 ccC. 7½ ccD. 10 cc 28

Answer #4Answer #4

D = 10cc1g = 1000mg0.25g x 1000mg = 250mg250mg / 125mg = 2mg5cc’s per every 125mg

2mg x 5cc’s = 10cc

D = 10cc1g = 1000mg0.25g x 1000mg = 250mg250mg / 125mg = 2mg5cc’s per every 125mg

2mg x 5cc’s = 10cc

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Question #5Question #5

A medical records clerk is asked to collect records regarding cancer patients. It is found that a ¼ of the records relate to breast cancer. There are a total of 20,920 records. How many are related to breast cancer?

A. 83,680B. 10,460C. 5,230D. 2,660

A medical records clerk is asked to collect records regarding cancer patients. It is found that a ¼ of the records relate to breast cancer. There are a total of 20,920 records. How many are related to breast cancer?

A. 83,680B. 10,460C. 5,230D. 2,660 30

Answer #5Answer #5

C = 5,230 records

20, 920 / 4 = 5,230

C = 5,230 records

20, 920 / 4 = 5,230

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Question #6Question #6

Your friend is 65" tall. This is equal toA. 0.65 metersB. 1.625 metersC. 6.50 metersD. 16.25 meters

Your friend is 65" tall. This is equal toA. 0.65 metersB. 1.625 metersC. 6.50 metersD. 16.25 meters

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Answer #6Answer #6

B = 1.625 meters

1 meter = 1000mm = 100cm10 mm = 1cm2.54cm = 1 inch65 inches x 2.54cm = 165.1 cm165.1cm / 100cm = 1.651 m

B = 1.625 meters

1 meter = 1000mm = 100cm10 mm = 1cm2.54cm = 1 inch65 inches x 2.54cm = 165.1 cm165.1cm / 100cm = 1.651 m

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Question #7Question #7

You take a patient's temperature and find it is 102°F. You are to record thetemperature asA. 24.66° CB. 34.22° CC. 38.89° CD. 70 °C

You take a patient's temperature and find it is 102°F. You are to record thetemperature asA. 24.66° CB. 34.22° CC. 38.89° CD. 70 °C

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Answer #7Answer #7

C = 38.89 C

Formula: C = (F – 32)5 / 9102F – 32 = 7070 x 5 = 350350 / 9 = 38.89C

C = 38.89 C

Formula: C = (F – 32)5 / 9102F – 32 = 7070 x 5 = 350350 / 9 = 38.89C

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Question #8Question #8

You are to use a needle, 3 inches long, to give an injection. How many mm. is this?A. 7.5 mm.B. 25.0 mm.C. 75.0 mm.D. 100.0 mm.

You are to use a needle, 3 inches long, to give an injection. How many mm. is this?A. 7.5 mm.B. 25.0 mm.C. 75.0 mm.D. 100.0 mm.

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Answer #8Answer #8

C = 75.0 mm

1 cm = 10 mm3in x 2.54 cm = 7.62 cm7.62 cm x 10mm = 76.2mm* A 75mm needle is a standard size*

C = 75.0 mm

1 cm = 10 mm3in x 2.54 cm = 7.62 cm7.62 cm x 10mm = 76.2mm* A 75mm needle is a standard size*

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Question #9Question #9

Marjorie has joined Weight Watchers. She would like to lose 12 kg in 30 days. On the average, how many pounds per day will Marjorie lose to meet her goal?A. 0.44 lbs.B. 0.88 lbs.C. 1.1 lbs.D. 2.5 lbs.

Marjorie has joined Weight Watchers. She would like to lose 12 kg in 30 days. On the average, how many pounds per day will Marjorie lose to meet her goal?A. 0.44 lbs.B. 0.88 lbs.C. 1.1 lbs.D. 2.5 lbs.

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Answer #9Answer #9

B = 0.88 lbs.1kg = 2.2 lbs.12kg x 2.2 lbs = 26.4 lbs.26.4 lbs / 30 days = 0.88 lbs.

B = 0.88 lbs.1kg = 2.2 lbs.12kg x 2.2 lbs = 26.4 lbs.26.4 lbs / 30 days = 0.88 lbs.

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Question #10Question #10

You are to administer meds to a patient at 2030 military time. What time is that?

A. 8:30amB. 10:30amC. 12:30pmD. 8:30pm

You are to administer meds to a patient at 2030 military time. What time is that?

A. 8:30amB. 10:30amC. 12:30pmD. 8:30pm 40

Answer #10Answer #10

D = 8:30 pmD = 8:30 pm

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