METHODS OF TRAINING

Introduction

Choice of training methods is generally influenced

by the these factors:

Objectives of a training programme

Time available

Cost involved

Participant’s level of understanding and previous

experience

Size of group

Facilities available

Training Methods

COGNITIVE METHODS

BEHAVIORAL METHODS

COGNITIVE METHODS

Cognitive methods are more of giving theoretical

training to the trainees.

The various methods under Cognitive approach

provide the rules for how to do something, written

or verbal information, demonstrate relationships

among concepts, etc.

FOCUSES- changes in knowledge and attitude by

learning.

Methods of Cognitive approach

Lectures

Demonstrations

Discussions

Computer Based Training (CBT)

Lectures

It is a formal verbal presentation of information to the trainees by expert company executives or professional lecturers

Lecture is given to enhance the knowledge of listener or to give him the theoretical aspect of a topic

It is difficult to imagine training without lecture format.

There are some variations in Lecture method.

The variation here means that some forms of lectures are interactive while some are not.

Main features of Lecture Less expensive Can be reached large number of people at once Knowledge building exercise Less effective

Demonstration

This method is a visual display of how something works or how to do something.

Essential while introducing new products or new selling techniques

Helps the focusing their attention on critical aspects of the task

Accompanied by the discussion or lecture to make it more effective

Discussion methodDiscussion method is a two-way flow of communication, i.e.

knowledge in the form of lecture is communicated to trainees Then understanding is conveyed back by trainees to trainer.

In panel discussion, leader presents the sales problem, calls upon each member to comment, then closes the discussion and summarises the views of the panel.

Computer Based Training

CBT is an alternative to classroom based training.

Providing training to employees through Intranet or Internet.

CBT does not require face-to-face interaction with a human trainer.

Benefits of CBT Reduces the cost of training Allows the trainee to master trainee Affords privacy of learning Increases access to training Reduces trainee learning time

BEHAVIORAL METHODS

Behavioral methods are more of giving practical training to the trainees

These methods are best used for skill development.

Methods of Behavioural approach

Games and SimulationsGame is defined as spirited activity or

exercise in which trainees compete with each other according to the defined set of rules.

Simulation is creating computer versions of real-life games. It is about imitating or making judgment or

opining how events might occur in a real situation.

Methods of Games and Simulation:

Behavior ModelingBusiness GamesCase StudiesIn-basket techniqueRole Plays

Behavior Modeling

In this method, some kind of process or behavior is videotaped and then is watched by the trainees.

The trainees first observe the behavior modeled in the video and then reproduces the behavior on the job.

Business Games

These are based on the set of rules, procedures, plans, relationships and principles.

In the Business Games, trainees are given some information that describes a particular situation and are then asked to make decisions that will best suit in the favour of the company.

And then the system provides the feedback about the impact of their decisions.

Again, on the basis of the feedback, they are asked to make the decisions again.

This process continues until some meaningful results do not come out.

Case Studies

The trainee is given with some written material, and the some complex situations of a real or imaginary organization.

The trainee then makes certain judgement about the case by identifying and giving possible solutions to the problem.

In-Basket Techniques

Also known as In-tray methodThe trainee is presented with a pack of

papers and files in a tray containing administrative problems and is asked to take decisions on these within a stipulated time.

The decisions taken by the trainees are compared with one another.

The trainees are provided feedback on their performance.

Role Play

Role play is a simulation in which each participant is given a role to play.

Information is given to trainees related to: description of the role concerns objectives responsibilities etc.

Some real life situations are presented before them and they are asked to act out the way in which the circumstances might reach an appropriate conclusion through the play.