WELCOME

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

CONTENT

• CONTENT ANALYSIS

• CASE STUDY

• SOME OTHER METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

• SECONDARY DATA

• REFERENCE

• CONCLUSION

CONTENT ANALYSIS

Content analysis is a research technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of content of document

This method is used for gathering data from records ,documents, news paper, diaries, letters, minutes of meetings and the like

STEPS

1. Define the universe of content that is to analysed.

2. Specify the content characteristics to be measured.

3. Content analysis categorization

4. Quantify the materials in any appropriate form.

CASE STUDY

• It is a very popular form of qualitative analysis.

• It is an in-depth comprehensive study of a person a social group, an episode, a process, a situation, a program, a community, an institution or any other social unit.

Eg:- A study of labour participation in management.

DEFINITION

Pauline v young describes case study as “a comprehensive study of a social unit be that unit a person, a group, a social institution, a district or a community”.

CHARACTERISTICS

• Research can take one single social unit or more of such units.

• Selected unit is studied intensively.

• Complete study of a social unit

• Qualitative and not quantitative

• It result in fruitful hypothesis

STEPS1. Recognition and determination of the status

of the phenomenon to be investigated or the unit of attention.

2. Collection Of data examination and history of the given phenomenon.

3. Diagnosis and identification of causal factors as a basis for remedial or developmental treatment.

4. Application of remedial measures.

5. Follow up programme to determine effectiveness of the treatment applied.

ADVANTAGES

• Exhaustive study of asocial units• Researcher can obtain areal and

enlighted record• Help in formulation of hypothesis.• It determine nature of unit• It helps in decision making• Enhances the experience of the

researcher

DISADVANTAGES

• Not comparable

• Time consuming and expensive

• It is based on certain assumptions

• It is used only in limited sphere

• The case data are often vitiated

SOME OTHER METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

WARRANTY CARD

These are usually postal size cards which are used by dealers of consumer durables to collect information regarding their products.

DISTRIBUTER OR STORE AUDIT

This method is mainly used to estimate market size, market share, seasonal purchasing pattern and so on

PANTRY AUDIT

This method is used to find out what type of consumers buy certain product and certain brand.

CONSUMER PANELS

An extension of pantry audit approach on a regular basis is know as consumer panel

Consumer panels are mainly two type

• Transitory consumer panel

• Continuing consumer panel

COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA

SECONARY DATA

Secondary data means data that are already available. secondary data are those which have been collected by some other person for his purpose and published.

Secondary data is obtained mainly from two sources

• Published sources

• Unpublished sources

Precautions to be taken before using secondary data

• Reliability of data

• Suitability of data

• Adequacy of data

DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRIMARY DATA AND SECONDARY DATA

DESCRIPTION PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA

source Original source Secondary source

Method of data collection Observation method, questionnaire method

From published and unpublished sources

Originality of data Original first time collected by the user

No data are collected by some other agency

Time More Less

Cost Expensive Cheaper

Efforts More Less

Accuracy More accurate Less accurate

Training personnel required

Expert /trained personnel required

Less trained personnel

Use of data For specific purpose data are compiled

Data are taken from other sources and used for decision making

CONCLUSION

REFERENCEResearch Methodology :methods and techniques.

CR Kothari

Research Methodology

Krishnaswami

Ranganatham

Research Methodology

L R Potty

Research Methodology

Dipak kumar Bhattacharya

THANK YOU