[Methods in Enzymology] Quinones and Quinone Enzymes, Part B Volume 382 || Upregulation of Quinone...

[25] Upregulation of Quinone Reductase by Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products From Dietary Broccoli By Elizabeth H. Jeffery and Kristin E. Stewart Introduction An increasing regard for the health benefits of whole foods has sparked interest in the chemoprotective effects of vegetables. Increased consump- tion of fruits and vegetables has been repeatedly linked to lower risk for many cancers, including prostate, breast, lung and colon. 1 Of the fruits and vegetables studied, cruciferous vegetables are often found to offer sub- stantially greater chemoprotective benefit than other food groups. 2–8 Inclu- sion of cruciferous vegetable powders in experimental rodent diets has been associated with a significant decrease in the incidence and size of chemically induced tumors. For example, Stoewsand and colleagues ob- served a 64% reduction in the incidence of dimethyl benzanthracene- induced mammary tumors in rats fed Brussels sprouts as compared to those fed a semi-purified casein-cornstarch diet during the initiation period of carcinogenesis. 9 One of the proposed mechanisms by which the cruciferous vegetables mediate these chemoprotective effects is by the increased expression and activity of the phase II detoxification enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase (QR). This article will focus on the upregulation of the detoxification enzyme QR by crucifers, particularly broccoli, as it relates to cancer prevention. 1 K. A. Steinmetz and J. D. Potter, J. Am. Diet Assoc. 96, 1027 (1996). 2 E. Benito, A. Obrador, A. Stiggelbout, F. X. Bosch, M. Mulet, N. Munoz, and J. Kaldor, Int. J. Cancer 45, 69 (1990). 3 D. T. Verhoeven, R. A. Goldbohm, G. van Poppel, H. Verhagen, and P. A. van den Brandt, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 5, 733 (1996). 4 D. S. Michaud, D. Spiegelman, S. K. Clinton, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, and E. L. Giovannucci, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91, 605 (1999). 5 L. N. Kolonel, J. H. Hankin, A. S. Whittemore, A. H. Wu, R. P. Gallagher, L. R. Wilkens, E. M. John, G. R. Howe, D. M. Dreon, D. W. West, and R. S. Paffenbarger, Jr., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 795 (2000). 6 J. H. Cohen, A. R. Kristal, and J. L. Stanford, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 61 (2000). 7 S. M. Zhang, D. J. Hunter, B. A. Rosner, E. L. Giovannucci, G. A. Colditz, F. E. Speizer, and W. C. Willett, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 477 (2000). 8 M. P. Zeegers, R. A. Goldbohm, and P. A. van den Brandt, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 10, 1121 (2001). 9 G. S. Stoewsand, J. L. Anderson, and L. Munson, Cancer Lett. 39, 199 (1988). [25] upregulation of quinone reductase 457 Copyright 2004, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, VOL. 382 0076-6879/04 $35.00

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Transcript of [Methods in Enzymology] Quinones and Quinone Enzymes, Part B Volume 382 || Upregulation of Quinone...

Page 1: [Methods in Enzymology] Quinones and Quinone Enzymes, Part B Volume 382 || Upregulation of Quinone Reductase by Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products From Dietary Broccoli

[25] Upregulation of Quinone Reductase byGlucosinolate Hydrolysis Products From

Dietary Broccoli

By Elizabeth H. Jeffery and Kristin E. Stewart

Introduction

An increasing regard for the health benefits of whole foods has sparkedinterest in the chemoprotective effects of vegetables. Increased consump-tion of fruits and vegetables has been repeatedly linked to lower risk formany cancers, including prostate, breast, lung and colon.1 Of the fruitsand vegetables studied, cruciferous vegetables are often found to offer sub-stantially greater chemoprotective benefit than other food groups.2–8 Inclu-sion of cruciferous vegetable powders in experimental rodent diets hasbeen associated with a significant decrease in the incidence and size ofchemically induced tumors. For example, Stoewsand and colleagues ob-served a 64% reduction in the incidence of dimethyl benzanthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats fed Brussels sprouts as compared to thosefed a semi-purified casein-cornstarch diet during the initiation period ofcarcinogenesis.9 One of the proposed mechanisms by which the cruciferousvegetables mediate these chemoprotective effects is by the increasedexpression and activity of the phase II detoxification enzymes, includingglutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase (QR). This article willfocus on the upregulation of the detoxification enzyme QR by crucifers,particularly broccoli, as it relates to cancer prevention.

1 K. A. Steinmetz and J. D. Potter, J. Am. Diet Assoc. 96, 1027 (1996).2 E. Benito, A. Obrador, A. Stiggelbout, F. X. Bosch, M. Mulet, N. Munoz, and J. Kaldor, Int.

J. Cancer 45, 69 (1990).3 D. T. Verhoeven, R. A. Goldbohm, G. van Poppel, H. Verhagen, and P. A. van den Brandt,

Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 5, 733 (1996).4 D. S. Michaud, D. Spiegelman, S. K. Clinton, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, and E. L.

Giovannucci, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91, 605 (1999).5 L. N. Kolonel, J. H. Hankin, A. S. Whittemore, A. H. Wu, R. P. Gallagher, L. R. Wilkens,

E. M. John, G. R. Howe, D. M. Dreon, D. W. West, and R. S. Paffenbarger, Jr., Cancer

Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 795 (2000).6 J. H. Cohen, A. R. Kristal, and J. L. Stanford, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 61 (2000).7 S. M. Zhang, D. J. Hunter, B. A. Rosner, E. L. Giovannucci, G. A. Colditz, F. E. Speizer,

and W. C. Willett, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9, 477 (2000).8 M. P. Zeegers, R. A. Goldbohm, and P. A. van den Brandt, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers

Prev. 10, 1121 (2001).9 G. S. Stoewsand, J. L. Anderson, and L. Munson, Cancer Lett. 39, 199 (1988).

[25] upregulation of quinone reductase 457

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, VOL. 382 0076-6879/04 $35.00