Methods as Ethics
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Transcript of Methods as Ethics
Twitter: @annettemarkhamWeb: annettemarkham.com
Annette Markham, PhD.
Professor MSOInformation Studies & Digital Design
Aarhus University
[Reverse engineering, reflexivity, and other
useful words for enacting ethical
methods]
Methods as Ethics
1) How we move
2) Why it matters
3) How to rethink and reconfigure
AoIR Ethics Committee
Microsoft Research Labs
“Creating Future Memories”
http://futuremaking.space
Shifting from statements to questions over a ten-year revision
Making abstract concepts like “ethics” more concrete like “avoiding the creepy factor”
Building experimental frameworks For citizens to control their own future memory possibilities
Creating more conscious responses and accounts
methods
Conditions for inquiry
Everyday practices of inquiry
methods
Conditions for inquiry
Everyday practices of inquiry
How are our research sensibilities being framed?
What frames are we teaching/training others to see?
ethics
Ethics as general principlesEthics as regulated norms
Ethics as a mindset or visionEthics as everyday practice
Ethics as general principlesEthics as regulated norms
Ethics as a mindset or vision
Ethics as everyday practice
The basic principles (research on humans)
Respect(for a person’s autonomy and rights)
Justice (fair distribution of benefits and risks; equitable treatment of all)
Beneficence (action for the good of others, do no harm)
The principles, operationalized in IRB*
Human Subjects
Informed Consent
Privacy (and data) Protection
Vulnerability
Risk / Benefit Ratio
*Institutional Research Boards
The principles, complicated by Internet
What is a Human Subject?
How do we (should we) get Informed Consent?
It’s (almost) impossible to protect privacy (PII)
Vulnerability often occurs after the fact
A Benefit/risks ratio is not a universal perspective
Shifting perspectives
Regulation [error]-driven approaches Concept [regulated]-driven approaches
Process-driven approaches
AoIR: process-driven ethics
AOIR Ethics Guidelines 2012
AOIR Ethics Guidelines 2012
Regulation (error)-driven approaches Concept (regulated)-driven approaches
Process (question)-driven approaches
How can we avoid the creepy factor?
How can we modify the concepts in order to match new complexities?What does the context require?
What is the goal of research in the first place?
Shifting perspectivesquestions
Regulation (error)-driven approaches Concept (regulated)-driven approaches
Process (question)-driven approaches
Future (impact)-oriented approaches
Shifting perspectives
methods
Conditions for inquiry
Everyday practices of inquiry
How are our research sensibilities being framed?
What frames are we teaching others to see?
ethics
impact
Future harms and possibilities based on our research practices
Motivation for doing research in the first place
Impact framework for ethics and methods
Impact Arena 1: Treatment of people (beyond human subject or participant)
Impact Arena 2: Use of data to make categorizations, inferences and conclusions.
Impact Arena 3: Unintended side effects of technology design, prototype testing, or research design
Impact Arena 4: Future possibilities and harms related to production and deployment, or dissemination
Impact framework for ethics and methods
Impact Arena 1: Treatment of people (beyond human subject or participant)
Impact Arena 2: Use of data to make categorizations, inferences and conclusions.
Impact Arena 3: Unintended side effects of technology design, prototype testing, or research design
Impact Arena 4: Future possibilities and harms related to production and deployment, or dissemination
We must take to task the myth that method purifies subjectivity.
Methods mold subjectivity, not into patterns that erase all emotions from the researchers’ sensing body but into patterns that produce emotions of a different order, and also into attitudes that too often privilege cognitively driven procedures and social research.
(remixed from James Davies, 2015, p. 13)
?
??
Methods as choices (at critical ethical junctures)
Decision Points Critical
Movements
Generating Questions
Determining case or field boundaries
Accessing Participants or
Materials
Sorting. Filtering, and selecting’what
counts’
Collecting Information
Using particular analytical tools
Representing self and other in
reports
Identifying objects of analysis
Sorting, thematizing, categorizing
Discarding information
Interpreting findings
Framing Knowledge for the audience
.
Granularity
Reverse Engineering
Remix or Bricolage
Reflexivity
Layered Accounts
Crystalization