Development of a common intraregional monitoring system for the environmental protection and preservation

of the Black Sea ECO-Satellite

““The Eco-Satellite Environmental The Eco-Satellite Environmental Monitoring System – Part I”Monitoring System – Part I”

Nastase Cristina, Liliana Teodorof, Grigoras Nastase Cristina, Liliana Teodorof, Grigoras IonIon

Training Seminar and Technical Meeting

June 5-6, 2013 Varna, Bulgaria

Methodology for selection Methodology for selection of monitoring stations of monitoring stations

locationlocation 1. The monitoring program elements:

• set of goals • conceptual pattern • set of physical-chemical indicators• methodology for data collection• methodology for indicators • process for linking indicators • reporting methodology

2. Characteristics of a monitoring program:

• is relevant and a good tool • a certain scale• a model that emphasizes the relationships between ecosystems• integrated monitoring system • adaptive and flexible• practical features

• Multifunctional approach Multifunctional approach ;;

• The The ecosystem approach ecosystem approach ;;

• ApproachApproach in terms of in terms of multiple pollution multiple pollution sources sources ;;

• Approach Approach in terms of in terms of surface water surface water pollution pollution ;;

• ManagementManagement in the Danube basin in the Danube basin..

Organization of the monitoring system is based on the following criteria:

According toAccording to Water Framework Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, Article 2.10, Directive 2000/60/EC, Article 2.10, ""surface water bodysurface water body" " means a means a discrete and significant element of discrete and significant element of surface water such as a lake, a surface water such as a lake, a reservoir, a stream, river or canal, reservoir, a stream, river or canal, part of a stream, river or canal, a part of a stream, river or canal, a transitional water or a stretch of transitional water or a stretch of coastal watercoastal water. .

Basic criteria for delineation of surface water bodies:Basic criteria for delineation of surface water bodies:

• surface water categorysurface water category;;• surface waters typologysurface waters typology;;• surface waters physical characteristicssurface waters physical characteristics..

Additional criteria for delineation of surface water Additional criteria for delineation of surface water bodies:bodies:

• water status;water status;• protected areas;protected areas;• hydromorphological alterations.hydromorphological alterations.

Key aspects of water bodies delineation:Key aspects of water bodies delineation:• small water bodies;small water bodies;• water bodies grouping ("aggregation") depending on the water bodies grouping ("aggregation") depending on the

cause which influence their condition;cause which influence their condition;• tributaries which belong to the same types and whose tributaries which belong to the same types and whose

status is natural or it is determined by the same status is natural or it is determined by the same dominant pressuredominant pressure , which , which confluence in a lake / stream confluence in a lake / stream have been grouped in a single water bodyhave been grouped in a single water body..

• no longer considered and defined water bodies, those no longer considered and defined water bodies, those which have permanent depletionwhich have permanent depletion

• 3 water-rivers bodies, represented by the main arms of Danube.3 water-rivers bodies, represented by the main arms of Danube.• 63 natural lakes water bodies;63 natural lakes water bodies;• 3 artificial water bodies: Mila 35channel, Crisan-Caraorman, Sulina 3 artificial water bodies: Mila 35channel, Crisan-Caraorman, Sulina

channel, St. George channel.channel, St. George channel.• 1 transitional lacustrine water body, represented by Sinoe Lake. 1 transitional lacustrine water body, represented by Sinoe Lake.

Typology for the Danube armsTypology for the Danube arms

EstablishmentEstablishment of of abiotic typologyabiotic typology : :a. a. ecoregions of emplacement areasecoregions of emplacement areas;;bb. landscape characteristics. landscape characteristics (geographical area and altitude); (geographical area and altitude);c. c. morphological characteristicsmorphological characteristics (area and slope); (area and slope);d. d. hydrological characteristicshydrological characteristics (fluid flow); (fluid flow);e. e. natural environment characteristicsnatural environment characteristics (temperature and precipitation); (temperature and precipitation);f. f. geological and lithologicalgeological and lithological characteristics of the substrate. characteristics of the substrate.

Hydromorphology:Hydromorphology:a. a. water coursewater course due to Danube arms and its channels; due to Danube arms and its channels;b. b. natural lakesnatural lakes due to its marshes and backwaters; due to its marshes and backwaters;c. c. transitional waterstransitional waters (which may be lacustrine and marine). (which may be lacustrine and marine).

ChannelsChannels Network in Danube Delta consists of 45 streams with natural Network in Danube Delta consists of 45 streams with natural water circulation in length 1742 km and 26 channels in length of 1753 km.water circulation in length 1742 km and 26 channels in length of 1753 km.

Typology for the delta lakesTypology for the delta lakes

Abiotic typology :Abiotic typology :a. a. ecoregionecoregion;;b. b. altitudealtitude;;c. c. depthdepth;;d. d. geology.geology.

Deltaic lakesDeltaic lakes are generally characterized by are generally characterized by::a. membership to Pontic ecoregion (ecoregion 12);a. membership to Pontic ecoregion (ecoregion 12);b. b. altitudesaltitudes <200m; <200m;c. c. small depthssmall depths (3-15m) and very small depths (<3m); (3-15m) and very small depths (<3m);d. d. area betweenarea between 0.5 – 1 km 0.5 – 1 km22 (S), 1 – 10 km (S), 1 – 10 km22 (M), 10 - (M), 10 -

100 km100 km22 (L) and > 100 km (L) and > 100 km22 (XL). (XL).e. e. geology: calcareousgeology: calcareous, , siliceous and organic - peatsiliceous and organic - peat..

Tipology of transitional watersTipology of transitional waters

Abiotic typologyAbiotic typology a. a. Ecoregion;Ecoregion;b. b. Salinity;Salinity;c. c. The area affected by the tidesThe area affected by the tides;;d. d. Depth.Depth.

Mixing water characteristicsMixing water characteristicsa. a. Current speed;Current speed;b. b. Water turbidityWater turbidity;;c. c. The average composition of the substrateThe average composition of the substrate;;d. d. Water temperatureWater temperature;;e. e. Time of ice coverTime of ice cover . .

Types of transitional watersTypes of transitional watersa. a. river transitionalriver transitional waters; waters; bb. lake transitional. lake transitional waters; waters;c. c. marine transitionalmarine transitional waters. waters.

ApplicationsApplications

Surface water categoriesSurface water categories::

1.1. Flowing waters on the territory of Danube Delta Biosphere Flowing waters on the territory of Danube Delta Biosphere ReserveReserve;;

2.2. Main river arteries Main river arteries ;;

3.3. Active circulating water channelsActive circulating water channels;;

4.4. Channels and streams from natural areas with free regimeChannels and streams from natural areas with free regime;;

5.5. Channels and streams within insides with controlled water Channels and streams within insides with controlled water circulation with or without circulation of watercirculation with or without circulation of water..

Stagnant waters In Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve are 479 lakes. 63 lakes were used to establish

the abiotic typology of deltaic lakes.1. S Type Lakes (area between 0.5 to 1 km2) 10 lakes from:

• Sontea-Fortuna aquatic complex: Alb, Pintilie, Radacinoasele lakes. • Rosu-Puiu aquatic complex: Bondarului, Potcoava lakes. • Gorgova-Uzlina aquatic complex: Cuzmintu Mare, Gorgostel lakes. • Matita-Merhei aquatic complex: Sfistofca lake.

2. M Type Lakes (area between 1 to 10 km2) 40 lakes from:• Somova-Parches aquatic complex: Rotundu, Somova, Parches lakes.• Sontea-Fortuna aquatic complex: Nebunu, Fortuna, Baclanestii Mari, Ligheanca, Mester

lakes.• Rosu-Puiu aquatic complex: Puiu, Rotund-Puiulet, Vatafu, Erenciuc, Iacob lakes. • Gorgova-Uzlina aquatic complex: Cuibul cu Lebede, Isacel, Gorgovat, Potcoava 1, Uzlina,

Obretinciuc, Obretinul Mare, Obretinul Mic, Babinti Mari 1, Babinti Mari 2, Fastic, Pojarnia, Taranova lakes.

• Matita-Merhei aquatic complex: Matita, Merheiul Mic, Miazazi, Trei Iezere, Babina, Bogdaproste lakes.

• Dunavat –Dranov aquatic complex: Belciug, Zatonul Mare, Durnoleatca, Lunga, Poliacova, Raducului, Zaghen, Saun lakes.

3. L Type Lakes (area between 10 to 100 km2) 11 lakes from:• Gorgova-Uzlina aquatic complex: Gorgova, Isac lakes. • Rosu-Puiu aquatic complex: Rosu, Rosulet, Lumina lakes. • Matita-Merhei aquatic complex: Merhei lake.• Razim-Sinoe aquatic complex: Golovita, Zmeica lakes. • Dunavat –Dranov aquatic complex: Dranov, Agighiol, Babadag lakes.

4. XL Type Lakes (area larger than 100 km2) 2 lakes from• Razim-Sinoe aquatic complex: Razim and Sinoe lakes.

• The rest of 416 lakes were not The rest of 416 lakes were not selected in abiotic typology, they are selected in abiotic typology, they are considered with an area less than 0.5 considered with an area less than 0.5 kmkm22..

• In terms of abiotic, it were identified In terms of abiotic, it were identified 7 types of deltaic lakes ROLN04, 7 types of deltaic lakes ROLN04, ROLN05, ROLN06, ROLN07, ROLN08, ROLN05, ROLN06, ROLN07, ROLN08, ROLN09 and ROLN13. ROLN09 and ROLN13.

Types of deltaic lakes included in Types of deltaic lakes included in Monitoring Program (examples)Monitoring Program (examples)Type Symbol Altitude (m) Average depth

(m)Geology –

alcalinity (meq/l)Area(km2)

Gorgostel lakePlains, very small depth, peat, small area

ROLN07 <200 <3 Peat 0.82

Merhei lakePlains, very small depth, peat, medium area

ROLN08 <200 <3 Peat 10.58

Rosu lakePlains, very small depth, peat, large area

ROLN09 <200 <3 Peat 13.7

Belciug lakePlains, small depth, peat, medium area

ROLN13 <200 3-15 Peat 1.1

Razim lakePlains, very small depth, chalk, very large area

ROLN06 1.5 <3 chalk 392

Golovita lakePlains, very small depth, chalk, large area

ROLN05 1.2 <3 chalk 78.5

Somova lakePlains, very small depth, chalk, medium area

ROLN 04 <200 <3 chalk 1.5

Transitional waters typology updateTransitional waters typology update

Discussion: Contribution to environmental monitoring

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

Cuibul c

u leb

ede

Erenciu

c

Fortun

a

Mer

hei

Mia

zazi

Neb

unu

Somova

Uzlina

Iacu

b

Isaco

vaRosu

Rotund

u

Ros

ulet

Monitoring sampling points (Danube Delta lakes)

mg

/L,

P-P

O4-3

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Second quality class

Average concentrations of phosphorus from orthophosphate in the Danube Delta lakes, between 2005-2010

Principles to make Principles to make environmental monitoring easy environmental monitoring easy

to understandto understand -Raw data will be available only for specialists. For majority of people this data don’t have meaning. Split this data in quality classes using national and European standards we solve the problem.

-Table data will be presented in graphic form (charts or maps).

-Use as indicators of environmental quality, colors that have well known signification (ex. traffic light – red, yellow, green).

-Integrate data coming from many monitoring station, create maps.

-Integrate this maps in a GIS system in order to correlate the environmental monitoring information with other spatial information

How make environmental monitoring information more accessible

Table data

National quality standards

Processingdata

Information

Transforming information in Transforming information in knowledge is trickyknowledge is tricky

• The people can process maps information The people can process maps information more quickly than tabular one. more quickly than tabular one.

• The environmental information should be The environmental information should be correlated with other spatial information correlated with other spatial information in order to understand the phenomena. in order to understand the phenomena.

NumericalInformation

Spatial processing Maps

Interpretation and presentation of Interpretation and presentation of water quality datawater quality data

Spatialprocessing

O2

N-NH4

Pb

.

..

Database

O2

N-NH4

Pb

.

..

Data Maps

Mapclassification

O2

N-NH4

Pb

.

..

Class quality Maps

class quality standard

Combine class quality mapsCombine class quality maps

Mapcombination

O2

N-NH4

Pb

.

..

Class quality Maps

Combine algorithm

One class quality map for combined chemical parameters

Servers functions and connectionsServers functions and connections

GISserver

Mapprocessing

server

ClientDatabaseserver

← parameter request

parameter data →

← map process request

WMS →

← parameter request

parameter data →

← info request

info data →

Water quality monitoring Water quality monitoring station in Danube Delta station in Danube Delta BiosphereBiosphere Reserve Reserve

PROCESSING

Transformation data to information - first step

Transformation data to information - second step PROCESSING

WFD rule When combine layers,the biggest class from all is the value for the output layer

PROCESSING

O2

O2 + NH4

Transformation data to

information – third step

NH4

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!