Methane supply in Africa CNG fueling facilities and v ari...
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Methane supply in Africa CNG fueling facilities and various gas resources Volume I Number 2 April 2011 edition
Transcript of Methane supply in Africa CNG fueling facilities and v ari...
Methane supply in AfricaCNG fueling facilities and various gas resources
Volume I Number 2 April 2011 edition
7.-9. Juni 2011
2nd NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops
Natural Gas Vehicles - Biomethane - CNG - LNG - Hydrogen blends Erdgasfahrzeuge - Bio-Erdgas - CNG - LNG - CH4/H2
June 7 - 9, 2011 Berlin, Germany
Contact: [email protected]
An event of Ein Event von
®
Sponsor Platinum
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Organized by Organisiert von
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Sponsor Bronze
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Sponsor Corporate
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April 2011 1
SummarySummaryNGV Africa is a publication of NGVCommunications Group, a publishing houseand fairs-conferences organizer, which website is www.ngvjournal.com. Since 1988 promoting natural gas vehicles.Offices in CH’UNCH’ON (Korea), MARMIROLO(Italy), LIMA (Peru) and BUENOS AIRES(Argentina). Six magazines that reach thewhole world: GNV Latinoamerica, PrensaVehicular Peru, Asian NGV Communications(Greater Asia), The Gas Vehicles Report(Europe, United States and Canada,etc), PrensaVehicular (Argentina) and NGV Africa. We speak about NGV in 16 languages and toover 100 countries.The signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.
Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 [email protected] ■ www.thegvr.com
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The hard copy of NGV Africais sent to 324 postal addresses from 21African countries addressedto governmental relatedoffices, OEM and Oil & Gas companies,associations, related NGV industries, refuelling stations,workshops and sup-pliers, according the follow-ing list (some figures rounded):AlgeriaBenin
CameroonComoros
EgyptGhana
Guinea-Bissau Guinea KenyaLiberia
Mozambique NamibiaNigeriaRwandaSenegal
Sierra Leone South Africa,
TanzaniaTunisia, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
In addition, the magazine issent to over more than17,000 in 94 countries by e-mail (.pdf) and is alsoonline inwww.ngvjournal.comEnter this new market!To publish and advertise withus, [email protected]
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28ARGENTINA
Distribution Coverage
Investment in CNG fueling segment is a prerequisite
Biogas for cars and buses in South Africa
Tunisia and South Africa with shale gas supplies
Kenya is studying the benefits of CNG for transport
More companies to join the NGV segment in Mozambique
The importance of CNG for transport in Nigeria
Vehicle conversions and increased number of stations
Tunisian CNG bus and car fleet
Argentine technology and African NGV market
CNG station operation safety manual for Tanzania
Prospects for the development of NGV in Algeria
The benefits and 50 reasons for using NGV/CNG
Company and product
NGV statistics
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April 20112
In the Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)industry, the famous “chicken-egg”issue remains as an important topic,particularly in countries that areabout or just introduced NGV adoptions.Despite of the fact that the balance--between the availability offueling facilities and number of vehicles using the fuel—is crucial, theNGV world learnt that sufficientCNG filing network (number andarea coverage) is a prerequisite.
Public and/or private sectors inmany successful NGV countriesinvested a lot in the fueling sector,which later was followed by sufficient number of vehicle conversions to NGV system.
Of course, success in vehicle conversion is also due to strong support and commitment from governments and private segment.Sustainable non-financial and especially financial incentives arevery crucial to ensure the success ofthe program. The incentives includeloans and assistance in getting licenses and premises for the establishment of fueling facilities andgas pipeline, vehicles conversion, taxexemptions for both segments, andeven the distribution of free CNGconversion kits in some countries.
Examples from various countriesshowed that sufficient natural gasfueling network could lead to a proper/big number of vehicle conversions. On the contrary, waitingfor a big number of vehicles to operate on CNG before putting sufficient fueling facilities has neverbeen proven as a good recipe for asuccessful NGV program.
This does not mean that a CNGvehicle demonstration project is notnecessary. It is very common that acountry conducts a demonstration ortrial projects to see the performanceand benefits of using CNG (or compressed biogas) in transportbefore the actual NGV program isinitiated.
The role of (Oil &) Gas Companiesin supporting the NGV business isvital. In Egypt, Thailand, China, Italy,and many other countries, the Oiland/or Gas companies play theleading roles in introducing the fuelby injecting big investment in theCNG fueling business.
In short, according to examples fromseveral successful NGV countries, Oil& Gas companies take the leadingpart by investing in the fueling stationsegment while the government –withsupport from banks, component suppliers, and public and privatefleet operators—work on the conversion of vehicles to CNG system.
In Africa -apart from Egypt, the bigNGV country that has around140,000 NGVs and 130 CNG stations (by third-quarter of 2010)-Nigeria, Mozambique, Tanzania,Algeria are examples of countries inwhich Oil & Gas firms initiated theNGV program.
Throughout the world, there are18,900 natural gas filing stationsand 9,700 home refueling appliance serving 13.2 millionNGVs. Of those, Africa has 142CNG filing stations and 140,300NGVs.
CNG, biogas and othermethane fuels
CNG is mainly composed ofmethane (CH4). Therefore, bio-methane (biogas) can also beused to fuel NGVs.
CNG or CBG (compressed biogas)is made by compressing natural gasor biogas to less than 1 percent ofthe volume it occupies at standardatmospheric pressure.
It is stored and distributed in hardcontainers at a pressure of 200–248bar (2,900–3,600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
CNG is used in traditional petrolinternal combustion engine cars thathave been converted into bifuel vehicles (CNG/petrol). It is alsoused to power dedicated CNG vehicles, such as buses.
Other types of methane fuels used invehicles include Liquefied NaturalGas (LNG), Hydrogen-CNG mix(HCNG), and Hydrogen vehiclesthat use methane as the raw materialof hydrogen production.
From the biogas section, Ethiopia,Rwanda, and South Africa are reported to introduce this gas fortransport segment. Several otherAfrican countries also produce biogas and are yet to explore thebenefits of using it in transport segment.
To learn more about the benefits ofnatural gas as vehicular fuel, readthe article “The benefits and 50 reasons for using NGV/CNG” inthis magazine.
The countries
Algeria and Tunisia have conductedCNG-vehicles demonstration projects. Rwanda and Kenya arealso interested in adopting NGVs.
But the most popular countries in theregion include Nigeria, Tanzaniaand Mozambique, which haveshown various NGV activities.
Nevertheless, South Africa is considered as the nation that holdspotential to become a big NGVcountry by many NGV/CNG stationcomponent manufacturers and relatedassociations.
It has the money, the humanresources, infrastructure, political stability needed to becomeanother successful NGV country.
For now, Egypt remains as the leading NGV country in the region.
Investment in CNG fueling segment is a prerequisite
April 2011 3
Meet and learn more about the industry in aninternational NGV exhibition and workshop
NGV Communications Group, themother company of NGVAfrica,invites you to participate in thebiggest NGV event in Europe, the2nd NGVA Europe InternationalShow & Workshops that will be heldon June 7-9, 2011, in Berlin,Germany. This is an event of NGVAEurope –European NGV Association-, hosted by Erdgas Mobil–German NGV Association- andorganized by NGV CommunicationsGroup, with exhibition and five workshops that will address topics ofutmost importance to the NGV industry.
Topics covered in the workshopinclude:
® CNG: Potentiality, Synergy andPolitical Will;
® European Challenges vs. GlobalOpportunities – The Perspective ofInternational OEMs (auto-manufacturers)on CNG;
® LNG, the Immediate Alternativefor Road Transport;
® Biomethane: Concrete, Affordableand Deployable-Now Solution for aWide Sustainable Mobility;
® Managing Urban Waste byProducing Biomethane. The VirtuousCircle in Urban Transport.
The facilitators of these workshopsinclude NGV Global President,erdgas mobil Managing Director,NGVA Europe Chairman of theBoard and General Manager,Director of Italian NGV association. As part of the program, a technicaltour is going to be organised on the6th of June, with a visit to a CNGmulti-fueling station and a CNG/biogas garbage truck fleet. The multifiling station offers CNG, petrol, diesel,LPG, hydrogen, and LPG in one site.In the exhibition area, you can meetthe vehicle and fueling componentmanufacturers and suppliers, and seevarious OEM and converted NGVs.Entry to this 4,000 m2 expo hall isfree.More information is available atwww.ngv2011berlin.com.
13.0 million NGVs worldwide at the end of 2010 (4 million at the end of 2004)
An example of good CNG fueling station network in Germany: 900 stations across the357,000 km2 area of the country, servicing almost 92,000 NGVs. Photo source: erdgas mobil GmbH.
April 20114
Dans l’industrie du véhicule au gaznaturel (NGV) , le fameux problème‘’ chicken-egg’’ reste un sujet important , particulièrement dans lesrégions qui sont sur le point d’introduire le concept NGV.
Malgré le fait que la balance entrela possibilité d’obtenir du carburantCNG et le nombre de véhicules utilisant ce carburant est crucial, l’expérience dans ce domainemontre qu’un réseau de stations defourniture suffisant , en nombre et encouverture correcte de la région estune condition préalable.
Les secteurs publics et/ou privésdans de nombreux pays, où l’introduction du NGV a été un succès , ont investi beaucoup dans lesecteur des stations de fourniture cequi a induit plus tard la conversiond’un nombre important de véhiculesau CNG . Bien entendu, le succèsdes conversions est également du ausupport important et concomitant desgouvernements et du secteur privé.
Des supports financiers et non-financiers sont cruciaux pourassurer le succès du programme.Ces supports comprennent desemprunts et l’aide à l’obtention deslicences et prémices pourl’établissement des installations defourniture de carburant, des réseauxd’amenée de gaz, des conversionsde véhicules.
Des exemptions de taxes pour toutesces actions sont souhaitables etmême des distributions gratuites dekits de conversion comme cela s’estfait dans certaines régions.
Les exemples de plusieurs contréesmontrent qu’un réseau suffisant destations de fourniture entraîne ungrand nombre de conversions devéhicules.
Au contraire , attendre d’avoir ungrand nombre de véhicules susceptibles d’utiliser du CNG avantd’établir un réseau de stations n’ajamais été une bonne solution en
vue d’établir un programme NGVavec succès.
Cela ne veut pas dire qu’un projetde démonstration n’est pas nécessaire. Il est habituel qu’unerégion mette en place en démonstration des projets d’essaispour voir les performances et lesbénéfices de l’utilisation du CNG (ou du biogaz comprimé) dans ledomaine du transport avant qu’unprogramme NGV soit initié.
Le rôle des compagnies gazièreset/ou pétrolières est vitale dans lecadre du support du NGV. EnEgypte, Thailande, Chine, Italie etbien d’autres régions, ces compagnies jouent un rôle de leaderdans l’introduction du gaz commecarburant en injectant de gros investissements dans le secteur desstations de fourniture.
En bref, au vu des exemples derégions où le NGV a été introduitavec succès , les compagniesgazières et pétrolières prennent lapart importante du segment des stations de fourniture tandis que legouvernement quant à lui prend laconversion des véhicules au CNGavec le support des banques, desfabricants des composants et desopérateurs publics ou privés desflottes de véhicules.
En Afrique, mis à part l’Egypte quiest la plus importante contrée enmatière de CNG avec plus ou moins140000 NGVs et 130 stationscomptabilisés durant le troisièmequart de 2010, le Nigeria, leMozambique, la Tanzanie, l’Algériesont des pays où les compagniesgazières et pétrolières ont initié unprogramme NGV.
De par le monde, il y a 18900 stations de fourniture de gaz carburant et 9700 appareils decompression à domicile ( home compressor ) qui alimentent 13,2 millions de véhicules.En Afrique, il y a 142 stations et140000 NGVs.
CNG, biogaz et autrescarburants issus dumethane
Le CNG est principalement composéde méthane CH4 . C’est pourquoi le biogaz ou bio-méthane peut êtreutilisé comme carburant pour lesNGVs.
Le CNG ou le CBG ( biogaz comprimé ) est réalisé par la compression de gaz naturel ou debiogaz jusqu’à ce qu’il occupe 1 %du volume initial à la pression atmosphérique standard. Il est stockéet distribué dans des réservoirssolides à une pression de 200-248bar (2900-3600 psi ) qui sont cylindriques ou sphériques.
Le CNG est utilisé habituellementdans les moteurs à essence classiques à combustion interne quiont été modifiés afin de les rendreaptes à utiliser les deux carburantsessence et gaz. Le CNG est aussiutilisé dans des moteurs spécialementfabriqué pour l’utilisation du gaz ( NGV dedicated engine ) tels quedans les bus. D’autres types de carburants gazeux sont le gaz naturel liquéfié (LNG ou GNL ), unmélange d’hydrogène et de CNG(HCNG ) et de l’hydrogène pur produit à partir du méthane.
Du point de vue du biogaz, il estrapporté que l’Ethiopie, le Rwandaet l’Afrique du Sud ont introduit cegaz comme carburant pour le transport. D’autres régions del’Afrique produisent du biogaz etexplore déjà la possibilité de l’utiliserdans le domaine du transport avec bénéfices.
Les regions
L’Algérie et la Tunisie ont réalisé desprojets de démonstration de NGVs.Le Rwanda et le Kenya sont également intéressés à utiliser desNGVs.
Investir dans la fourniture du carburantCNG est une condition prealable
April 2011 5
Mais les régions les plus populairesqui incluent le Nigeria, la Tanzanieet le Mozambique ont déjà montrédiverses actions dans le domaine desNGVs.
Cependant, l’Afrique du Sud estconsidérée comme la nation quidétient le potentiel à devenir la plusimportante contrée NGV par sesnombreux fabricants de matériauxdestinés aux stations de fourniture etses diverses associations dans ledomaine. Elle a l’argent nécessaire , les ressources humaines, l’infrastructure,la stabilité politique , choses indispensables pour mener à biences projets nouveaux et devenir uneautre région à succès NGV. Actuellement, l’Egypte apparaîtcomme le leader NGV de toute larégion
Rencontrer des experts eten savoir plus au sujet del’industrie a l’aide d’uneexposition internationaleet d’atelier s de travailsur le NGV
Le NGV Communication Group , lacompagnie mère de NGVAfrica ,vous invite à participer à l’évènementle plus important d’Europe , le 2ièmeNGVA Europe International Show& Workshops qui se tiendra du 7 au9 juin 2011 à Berlin , enAllemagne. Ceci est un événementde NGVEurope-AssociationEuropéenne du NGV-invité parErdgas Mobil – AssociationAllemande du NGV-et organisé parNGV Communication Group . Uneexposition et cinq ateliers de travailvous fourniront les réponses auxsujets les plus importants de l’industrie du NGV.
Les thèmes couverts par les ateliersde travail comprennent :
® CNG : Potentialité , Synergie etVolonté Politique
® Les Challenges Européens . LesOpportunités Globales – LesPerspectives Internationales desOEMs ( constructeurs d’automobiles)au sujet du CNG.
® LNG-GNL la solution alternativeimmédiate pour le transport par route.
® Biométhane : concret, abordableet extensible- maintenant la solutionpour une Large Mobilité Durable.
® Traitement des OrduresMénagères Urbaines en produisantdu Méthane . Le Cercle Virtuel dansle Transport Urbain.
Les ‘’ moteurs ‘’ de ces ateliers sontle Président Général NGV, leManaging Directeur de ErdgasMobil , le Chairman of the Board etle Directeur Général de NGVA, leDirecteur de l’Association Italienne duNGV.
Inclus dans le programme , un tourtechnique qui est organisé le 6 juinet comprend une visite d’ une station
multi carburants et d’une flotte captive de camions poubellesCNG/biogaz . La station multi carburants délivrent du CNG , del’essence, du diesel, du LPG et del’Hydrogène sur un seul site.
Sur l’aire de l’exposition vous pourrez voir des fabricants de véhicules , des fabricants de stationsde fourniture ainsi que des fournisseurs d’accessoires .
Des véhicules convertis et des véhicules dédicassés seront exposés.L’entrée dans le hall d’exposition de4000 m2 est gratuite.
Pour plus d’informations consultez lesite www. ngv2011berlin.com
April 20116
In de aardgas voertuig (Natural GasVehicle of NGV) industrie, blijft hetberoemde "kip en ei”probleem eenbelangrijk onderwerp. Vooral in delanden die de aanpassingen naarNGV net begonnen zijn of willenopstarten.
Ondanks het feit dat het evenwichttussen de beschikbaarheid vanCNG-voorzieningen en aantal CNG-voertuigen van cruciaal belangis, hebben de spelers in de NGVwereld geleerd dat voldoende CNGtank stations (aantal en dekking) eenvoorwaarde is voor de ontwikkelingvan de markt en de toepassingmogelijkheden van NGV`s.
In de succesvolle NGV landen, investeerde publieke en / of de private sector eerst veel in de brandstof sector (aanvoer, tankstations, regelgeving), wat laterwerd gevolgd door een groei vanhet aantal NGV`s.
Natuurlijk is bij het succes in hetombouwen van voertuigen ook sterkesteun en betrokkenheid van regeringen en particuliere sector vanbelang. Duurzame, financiële en niet-financiële prikkels zijn cruciaalom een succesvol groei van NGV`ste waarborgen.
De stimuleringsmaatregelen omvattenveelal: leningen en hulp bij het verkrijgen van vergunningen engebouwen voor de oprichting vantank faciliteiten, uitbouw van het gasleidingen netwerk, voertuig conversie, belastingvrijstellingen voorbeide segmenten (voertuig en brandstof sector) en zelfs de distributie van gratis CNG ombouwsets in sommige landen.
Uit voorbeelden bij verschillende landen bleek dat een voldoende dekkend netwerk van aardgas tankstation`s leid tot een groter aantalconversies.
Het tegendeel, het wachten op een groot aantal voertuigen dat op CNG rijden
voordat in voldoende tank faciliteitenword voorzien, is nooit bewezen alseen goed recept voor een succesvolle NGV-programma.
Dit betekent niet dat een CNG-voertuig demonstratieprojectniet nodig is. Het is zeer gebruikelijkdat een land een demonstratie ofproefproject (en) uitvoert om de prestaties en de voordelen van hetgebruik van CNG (gecomprimeerdof biogas) in het vervoer te laten zienen inzichtelijk te maken voordat deeigenlijke NGV-programma isgestart.
De rol van (Olie &) Gas bedrijven in de ondersteuning bij de ontwikkeling NGV sector is vanvitaal belang. In Egypte, Thailand,China, Italië en vele andere landen,spelen olie- en / of gas bedrijven dehoofdrol in de invoering van debrandstof door het injecteren vangrote investeringen in de CNG-brandstof sector.
In het kort, volgens voorbeelden uitverschillende succesvolle NGV landen, nemen Oil & Gas bedrijvende leidende rol door te investeren inhet tankstations, terwijl de overheidmet steun van banken, leveranciersvan componenten, publieke en particuliere exploitanten van grootwagenparken, werkt aan de omzetting van voertuigen naarCNG.
In Afrika zijn naast Egypte, als groot NGV-land met ongeveer140.000 NGV`s en 130 tankstations voor aardgas (derdekwartaal van 2010), Nigeria,Mozambique, Tanzania en Algerijevoorbeelden van landen waar Olie& Gas bedrijven NGV-programma`s initiëren.
Over de hele wereld, zijn er18.900 aardgas tankstations en9.700 thuis-tank voorzieningen diegezamenlijk 13,2 miljoen NGV`sbedienen. Van deze heeft Afrika142 CNG-stations en 140.300NGV`s.
CNG, biogas en anderemethaan brandstoffen
CNG is hoofdzakelijk samengestelduit methaan (CH4). Daarom kan bio-methaan (biogas) ook wordengebruikt om NGV`s te voorzien vanbrandstof.CNG of CBG (compressed biogas)wordt gemaakt door het comprimeren van aardgas of biogastot minder dan 1 procent van hetvolume die het inneemt bij standaardatmosferische druk. Het wordt opgeslagen en gedistribueerd inharde containers, meestal in cilindrische of sferische vorm, bij eendruk van 200-248 bar (2,900-3,600 psi.).
CNG word gebruikt voor traditionelebenzine verbrandingsmotor auto's diezijn omgebouwd tot bifuel voertuigen(CNG / benzine). Het wordt ookgebruikt voor het aandrijven vanCNG-voertuigen, zoalsbussen. Andere vormen van methaanbrandstoffen die worden gebruikt invoertuigen zijn Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG), waterstof-CNG mix (HCNG)en waterstof voertuigen die methaangebruiken als grondstof voor de pro-ductie van waterstof.
In de biogas sectie, zijn Ethiopië,Rwanda en Zuid-Afrika bezig om ditgas in te voeren voor de vervoer &transport sector. Verscheidene andereAfrikaanse landen die ook biogasproduceren zijn nog bezig de voordelen te ontdekken van hetgebruik hier van het in de vervoer &transport sector.Voor meer informatie over de voordelen van aardgas als brandstofvoor voertuigen, leest u het artikel"De voordelen en 50 redenen voorhet gebruik van NGV / CNG" in ditmagazine.
De landen
Algerije en Tunesië hebben CNG-voertuig demonstratieprojecten uitgevoerd. Rwanda en Kenia zijn
Investeringen in CNG tankstation sectorzijn een belangrijke voorwaarde
April 2011 7
ook geïnteresseerd in de adoptie vanNGV`s. Maar de meest populairelanden in de regio zijn Nigeria,Tanzania en Mozambique, die diverseNGV activiteiten zijn opgestart.
Zuid-Afrika wordt door vele fabrikanten van componenten voorNGV / CNG tankstations en voorzieningen en aanverwante organisaties, beschouwd als eennatie die een grote potentie heeft omeen groot NGV land te worden. Zijheeft het geld, de human resources,infrastructuur en politieke stabiliteitdie nodig is om een succesvolleNGV land te worden.Voor als nog blijft Egypte echter hettoonaangevende NGV land in deregio.
Ontmoet en leer meer overde industrie in een internationale tentoonstelling en NGVworkshop
NGV Communications Group, hetmoederbedrijf van NGVAfrica,nodigt u uit om deel te nemen in het
grootste NGV evenement in Europa,de 2e NGVA Europe InternationalShow & Workshops die zal wordengehouden op 7-9 juni 2011 inBerlijn, Duitsland. Een tentoonstelling georganiseerddoor NGV Communications Groupmet vijf workshops die onderwerpenzullen behandelen die van het groot-ste belang zijn voor de NGV indus-trie.Dit is een evenement van NGVAEuropa (Europese Vereniging NGV),gehost door Erdgas Mobil (Duitsegas vereniging).
Onderwerpen die in de workshopzijn:
• CNG: mogelijkheden, synergie enpolitieke wil.• Europese Uitdagingen vs. GlobalOpportunities: Het perspectief vaninternationale OEM (autofabrikanten)op CNG.• LNG: Het directe alternatief voorhet wegvervoer.• Biomethaan: Concrete, betaalbareen direct inzetbare oplossing vooreen brede en duurzame mobiliteit.• Manage stedelijk afval door de
productie van biomethaan: De vicieuze cirkel in het stedelijk vervoer.
De begeleiders van deze workshopszijn de Voorzitter van NGV Global,de Managing Director Erdgas Mobil,de voorzitter van de raad enGeneral Manager van EuropaNGVA en de directeur van deItaliaanse NGV vereniging.
Als onderdeel van het programma, zalop 6 juni een technisch tour wordengeorganiseerd, met een bezoek aaneen CNG multi brandstof tankstationen een CNG / biogas vuilniswagenvloot. Het multi brandstof stationbiedt CNG, benzine, diesel, LPG,waterstof en LPG in een site.
Op het tentoonstelling terrein, kunt ufabrikanten van voertuigen tankstations en producenten en leveranciers van componenten ontmoeten, ook kunt u diverse OEMen omgezet NGV`s bezichtigen.Toegang tot deze 4.000 m2 expohal is gratis.
Meer informatie is beschikbaar opwww.ngv2011berlin.com .
April 20118
The fuel efficiency, for example for aC230 Mercedes, is aboutR77,14/100km for petrol while it isonly R45/100km for natural gas.The conversion costs around
ZAR12 500 per car. This means thatafter around 39,000km of driving,the conversion cost will be covered(depending on the type and size ofvehicle).
Novo is aiming to persuade the government to use the gas from landfills or sewage rather than wasting it. Generating biogas fromorganic waste will give the government and the people amethane-rich gas that can be used topower vehicles, industry, and
households. Methane is lighter thanair and a harmful greenhouse gaswhen it is released immediately tothe atmosphere.
However, when it is burned (used asan energy source), biogas and natural gas (CH4 or methane) is thecleanest burning fuel and carbonneutral. Capturing landfill gas couldhelp South Africa to gain carboncredits, which could be offset againstother sources of pollution.
Some studies and surveys haveproven that using biogas to powervehicles is more economically feasible than using it to generateelectricity. It costs ZAR0.15 to produce a kilowatt hour of electricity
Biogas for cars and busesAfrica is exploring the benefits of producing biogas (biomethane) fromrecycled organic waste in order togenerate eco-friendlier energy.Moreover, biogas is a renewableand sustainable energy source.
After Holland Car announced its planto build biogas generating plants inEthiopia and demonstrated theAbash Executive bifuel compressedbiogas/petrol car on the road, SouthAfrica will set another example in thebiogas segment.
Novo Energy has built a biogas dispensing station on a landfill sitenear OR Tambo International airportin Kempton Park City in GautengProvince of South Africa, the busiestairport in the continent.
Kempton Park City is located nearJohannesburg, the largest city in thiscountry. The filing station is intendedas part of demonstration project forbiogas-powered vehicles.
The firm will also offer free conversions for motorists who wish touse “cleaner-and-cheaper” biogas topower their cars. As this is based on bifuel technology,the car can run on compressed (natural or bio) gas or petrol. JohnStavers, the general manager ofNovo said that the firm is targetingtaxi and public bus owners in citycenters as their initial customers.Apart form that, garbage truck fleetscan also become a potential user forCNG.
To refuel the vehicles, a CNG stationof CNG Holdings in Langlaagte,Johannesburg City is available.
Economic and ecologicbenefits
Novo said that after the conversion,car owners will be able to savearound 15-25 percent on fuel costswhen using biogas.
According to Stephen Rothman thedirector of CNG Holdings 35-40percent total savings can beachieved when compressed naturalgas (CNG) is used to power cars.
April 2011 9
from biogas; when it is used toreplace diesel in vehicles, however, itwill give motorists CAR R1,50 a litreon fuel SAVINGS.
A bus running on natural gas for 10years would deliver aroundZAR350,000 overall savings. The savings come from the lowerprice of natural gas/biogas compared to petrol and diesel, lessvehicle maintenance (required onlyevery 50,000 km). The reducedamount of pollution it emits wouldlead to improved air quality and, inturn, less sufferers of respiratory andcardiac diseases. Presently, half ofrespiratory diseases in South Africaare from pollution. The CO2 emissions of a Euro 2 busrunning on diesel are 10 times higher than the same bus running onmethane, according to StephenRothman, the director of CNGHoldings.
According to Novo and a PrimeAfrica Institute study, if 30 000 taxisand 4000 buses operating in theTshwane, Ekurhuleni andJohannesburg areas in GautengProvince were run on natural gas orbiogas for 10 years, Gauteng wouldbe able to earn ZAR5,9 billion benefit.
Government support is vital
To ensure the success of CNG/biogas for vehicles program andbusiness, all stakeholders must workon the supply and demand balance.It requires sufficient numbers and network coverage of CNG/biogasfueling facilities and number of vehicles using the fuel.
Rothman underlined that governmentsupport is fundamental in getting theindustry off the ground and the government is slowly starting to geton board.
CNG Holding has previously workedwith the South African NationalEnergy Research Institute (SANERI)and Gauteng Transportto to convertsome government-fleet vehicles."Interim reports show great success,"said Rothman.
He also hopes that vehicle manufacturers will more actively joinin the promotion of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) technology.
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April 201110
Tunisia and South Africa withshale gas suppliesBoth North and South Africa will produce natural gas from shale gasfields. North Africa carried out itsexploration last year, while SouthAfrica will commence work by2013, earliest.
North Africa
Tunisia has been capturing shale gasin the Ghadames basin of El Franigfield in west-central part of the country in 2010. This is NorthAfrican’s first hydraulic fracturingoperation--- a process to create fractures in rocks-- in a shale gasreservoir, according to Canadian Oil& Gas producing firm Cygam EnergyInc., Calgary. Cygam also has representative offices in Italy andTunisia.
Anglo-French Oil & Gas companyPerenco has carried out initial welltests, the results of which confirmedthe potential of achieving gas production of at least 10 MMscfd inWell number 1 in El Franig field.
Another fracking job was performedin Well number 5. Cygam Energy operates the SudTozeur permit and has finisheddetailed seismic interpretation in theeastern part of the permit just north ofEl Franig field with promising results.Sud Tozeur covers 4,730km2 areanear the border with Algeria.
Tunisia has 65,130,000,000 m3natural gas reserves (January 2009estimates, 59th largest in the worldaccording to World Factbook). It has32 bifuel CNG/petrol cars, 2 CNGbuses and 1 CNG filing station.
South Africa
South Africa will also tap shale gasin the Karoo region by 2013 at theearliest, said major energy firm RoyalDutch Shell.
Using the “fracking” method, water,sand and chemical beneath the earthsurface, trapped gas will be released
and captured from clay-like rocksacross 90,00km2 area in Karoo.Shell aims to “mine” the gas in sucha way as to avoid unwanted environmental impacts.
Ranked at no. 103 in the world’slargest proven natural gas reserves,South Africa has 27,160,000m3 ofgas in January 2006 estimates,according to by World Factbook.Shell noted that the country is facingchallenges to meet its electricitydemand. The main share of its electricity is generated from highly
polluting coal. Using natural gas togenerate power and as a transportation fuel is by far more efficient, cheaper and eco-friendlier.
South Africa has been running a vehicle conversion project aimed atdemonstrating the benefits and feasibility of adopting CNG vehiclesin the country.
It has 21 cars converted to bifuelCNG/petrol system and 2 CNGbuses. Two CNG filing stations havebeen installed in the country.
April 2011 11
Kenyan Prime Minister Raila AmolloOdinga visited a CNG fueling station and vehicle conversion workshop in Egypt last year. ThePrime Minister was accompanied byEgypt’s Minister of Petroleum SamehFahmy during the visit. The aim of thevisit was to introduce the economicand environmental benefits of theCNG project. It is expected thatKenya will use the fuel at a later dateto power the transport sector.As thesegment leader in Africa, as ofSeptember last year, Egypt hasaround 140,000 NGVs and 130CNG dispensing facilities.
The Kenyan premier was reported tobe impressed by the distinguishedperformance at the centre andshowed interest in drawing onEgyptian expertise in this field.On the other hand, its neighbourTanzania is holding discussions withthe East Africa Community on thepossibility of building a pipeline fromthe commercial hub of Dar esSalaam north through Tanga toMombasa City in Kenya. With newgas field findings and increased gassupply in Tanzania, the country iscapable exporting natural gas to EastAfrican region.
Kenya learns about the economic and environmentalbenefits of CNG for transport
Mozambique has been exploring the benefits of usingCNG in transport since 2008. Realizing that convertingvehicles to natural gas could lead to major savings in foreign exchange and reduced costs for commuters,Matola Gas Company (MGC) has initiated the NaturalGas Vehicle (NGV) industry in the Matola area ofMozambique . The firm uses the concept of bulk compressed natural gas for road vehicles with a proposedsaving to motorists as an incentive for switching to naturalgas. Two stations are already in operation in Maputo andMatola supplying natural gas to private vehicles and theTransportes Publicos de Maputo (TPM) buses.
Matola Gas Company is a gas distribution firm jointlyowned by Gigajoule, the Mozambican governmentthrough ENH (Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetosde Mocambique) and private investors in Mozambiquethrough CDGM (Comphania de Desenvolvimento deGas de Moçambique).
Apart form MGC, Petroleum Company of Mozambique(Petromoc) is also joining the “clean” fuels initiatives.Petromoc will promote the production and commercializa-tion of eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas,biofuels, unleaded petrol, low-sulphur diesel inInhambane Province before 2012.
The firm will invest almost USD20 million in this project andis aiming for an annual production of 50,000 tons fuels.
More companies to join theNGV segment in Mozambique
April 201112
Nipco underlines the role of CNGin the transport segment in NigeriaAlthough Nigeria has oil and gas,the country imports oil from abroadto meet its 32 million liters of fueldemand. Nigeria has more than250 oil and gas fields. It has 27 billion barrels of proven oil reservesand 124 trillion cubic feet (about 21billion barrels of oil equivalent) ofproven gas reserves. Being the ninthlargest gas producer in the world,Nigeria has one-third of Africa’s totalgas reserves. The proven, probableand possible gas reserves are about300 tcf. Therefore using more locally-available-natural gas in itsenergy basket is a wise decision.
Nigeria’s oil importation is also dueto the continued closure of its four oilrefineries. According to a survey carried out by Daily Independent,Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) in filingstations across Lagos costs aroundNGN 130 per liter. Fuel prices outside Lagos are even higher. Onthe other hand, price of CNG isincreased by 20 percent.
In February this year, Nipco Plc--ajoint venture (JV) of Nigerian GasCompany and Green Gas Limited--underlined the eco-friendliness ofCompressed Natural Gas (CNG).
This fuel has less carbon per unitenergy advantage compared topetrol and diesel. Nipco believesthat Nigeria could limit the negativeimpact of climate change if its people used CNG in transport segment. Bovenkant formulierAs reported in the November 2010edition of NGVAfrica, NIPCO initiated the “Benin City CNG project” and has built several CNGstations in the country. The JV is aiming to convert 50,000 vehicles torun on bifuel CNG/petrol system by2013-2014, to build 8-10 CNGstations, 2 conversion workshops,and lay around 50km gas pipeline,all to be completed during the first 2years after project commencement.
For the transport sector, Nipco hasinstalled three CNG filing stationsand a vehicle conversion workshopin Benin City, Edo State.
The firm’s spokeperson, TaofeekLawal said that vehicles powered bynatural gas or methane (Natural GasVehicles or NGVs) offer reducedoperating cost. CNG is 40 percentcheaper than petrol and 55 percentcheaper than diesel when used invehicles to cover the same distance.
It also offers lower maintenance costand emits significantly less pollution.There are several systems in theNGV technology: dedicated CNGor LNG, bifuel CNG/petrol, dualfuel CNG or LNG/diesel, andHydrogen CNG mix (HCNG).
Dedicated CNG or dedicated LNGas well as dual fuel systems aremainly used in Heavy Duty Vehicles.
The HCNG technology is new andbeing explored in few countries(India, North America, etc). The bifuel CNG/petrol system thatallows motorists to switch betweenCNG or petrol usage is the mostpopular in the world and is usedespecially in Light-Duty Vehicles.You can read more information onthis topic at article “The benefits and50 reasons for using NGV/CNG” inthis magazine.
On the gas supply side, Gaslink
Nigeria Limited, a subsidiary ofOando Plc, has invested more thanUSD100 million in the expansion ofits natural gas network in the country,also in an effort to provide regularsupply of gas to industries. Over thelong term this could benefit the transport (NGV) segment as well.
Bolaji Osunsanya, the managingdirector, says that Gaslink is at anadvanced stage in the deployment ofCNG from its grid, which will guarantee access to the benefits ofnatural gas for small scale and consumers living beyond Gaslink’spipeline coverage.
Green Fuels Nigeria Ltd (GFL) has a pilot natural gas compression facility in Otta, OgunState of Nigeria. In the facility, pipelined gas is compressed to 200-250 bar. The compressed natural gas (CNG) is then transported to remote locations that have no access to piped gas. Thisstation represents the largest installed capacity in Africa today. So far, the gas is used to supplynon-transport segment. However, in the future it can also be used to cater demand in CNG-for-transport segment in remote areas, should it be needed. Green Fuels and Gentec Energy Plc-which is also involved in the project- plans to replicate the station and expand capacity now exist.
April 2011 13
The 7Up Bottling Company converted 5 of its delivery trucks in 2009. Since last year, the firm hasconverted another 75 goods and delivery trucks tothe CNG system.
7Up already has a small CNG filing facility on theirpremises, said Duke C. Nwokolo from NGEquipment & Systems Limited, who is also a representative of IMW Industries—CNG compressorand dispenser supplier from Canada.
Presently, Nigeria has 3 CNG filing stations,according to local NGV stakeholders. Benin is thepioneer city in terms of CNG for vehicles adoption.
There are plans to increase the NGV and CNG filing station population in the near future. It isexpected that the adoption of both vehicles and stations will be expanded to other cities. Agreements are expected to be concluded after theApril election in Nigeria has been finalised.
Read the next edition of NGVAfrica to follow theseplans.
Vehicle conversionsand increased numberof stations in Nigeria
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April 201114
Ranked 60th in the world in terms ofproven gas reserves, Tunisia isexploring the benefits of usingNatural Gas Vehicles (NGVs).
Tunisia has 65.13 billion cubicmeters of proven natural gas reserves(1 January 2009 estimates), produces 2.97 billion cubic meterswhile consuming 4.22 billion cubicmeters gas (2008 estimates).
The country imported 1.25 billioncubic meters gas (2008) and87,300 bbl oil per day (2007).
Because of the shortfall in gas production, the electricity and gasdistribution company, SociétéTunisienne de l'Electricité et du Gaz(STEG), is examining the diversity ofgas supply sources.
This requires the promotion ofexploitation and the reinforcement ofthe transmission network for naturalgas, on the national level and on thelevel of inter-connections withMaghrebian and European networks.
Within its Development Perspectives,STEG is also exploring the alternative/new use of natural gas invehicles. STEG believes this willattract the attention of various operators and will be the fuel ofchoice in the future.
According to Houda KhochtaliGuerchi, Head of Gas Supply &Demand, CNG Project Officer ofSTEG, 12 bifuel CNG/petrol carshave been operated and owned bythe company since 2000 with 20more units ordered in October2007. Two CNG buses have beenplying Tunis roads since 2006.
At the time, STEG already had asmall CNG filing station, which waslater extended, while a public transport company with a local fueldistribution company was building anew refuelling station for buses.
The two buses--Irisbus CNGCityClass--mentioned above weredelivered by Iveco to Tunis City inTunisia. The buses were used todemonstrate the advantage of CNGtechnology.
As per a cooperation agreementbetween the Italian Ministry ofForeign Affairs and the TunisianMinistry of Transport, 100 CNGbuses would be made available forTunisia.
The CityClass CNG bus is an ultra-low emission vehicle which complies with the European Union’sEnhanced Environmentally-Friendly Vehicle (EEV) norms.
The CNG engine is very quiet andoffers more than 5 dB reduction innoise emission level compared to thediesel one.
About Iveco Irisbus CNG CityClassThis 12 meter bus has a rigid configuration and is equipped withthe Iveco CNG dedicated engineCursor 8. Its maximum power ratingreaches 200 kW at 2000 r/min. it
has a maximum torque of 1100 Nmfrom 1100 to 1700 r/min, asreported by NGV Global.
The gas engine uses Otto cycle technology, 6 cylinders, 24 valves,overhead camshaft, cutting-edgetechnology, ultra low exhaust emissions, with a stoichiometric combustion system and multi-pointelectronic injection with 12 gas injectors.
The engine has a lambda probe inthe exhaust as part of the close loopcombustion control system whichguarantees the stoichiometric combustion.
The exhaust has a three-way catalyst,made of platinum and palladium toreduce the concentration of pollutantsCO, HC and NOx produced by thecombustion.
Tunisian CNG bus and car fleet
April 2011 15
During the finale of thestaff meeting of NGVCommunication Group lastOctober in Argentina,Chairmen of several associations took part inthe closing ceremony. Inthis occasion, NGVAfricahad the opportunity tointerview Fausto Maranca,president of the ArgentineChamber for CNG(CAGNC). Below is hisopinion regarding the relationship of Argentina andthe African NGV market.
“Argentina has exported itsproducts to Mozambique,Nigeria, and South Africa,”said Maranca. He addedthat South Africa has apotential to become a verybig market. This country
has the political decisionand the possibilities tomake investment.
In term of fuel supply,Maranca believes that Africacan benefit from the virtualpipeline option where gas istransported via trailers. Withthis system, places withoutgas pipelines can get naturalgas supply with lower investment cost. This will alsoenable people to refill theirNGVs in remote areas.
Argentina technology tosupport the promotionof NGV sector
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April 201116
Following on from the previous articleentitled “CNG project in Tanzania”published in the November 2010edition of NGV Africa, below is thesecond part of the project guidelines/report written by theTanzanian Petroleum DevelopmentCorporation (TPDC) and PanAfricanEnergy Tanzania Limited (PAT).
Various aspects of the project implementation were set out in thereport, which shows good preparation and a road map ofNGV adoption in the country (seealso the introduction and target of theproject as well as some key safetyissues in the previous edition of thismagazine).
Below is the safety manual for CNGfiling station operation.
The safety manual
This manual serves as a source ofinformation and guideline for trainingthe station manager and staff on thesafe operation of the CompressedNatural Gas (CNG) station.
The manual provides a review of thefollowing procedures:
- Emergency Procedures- Safety Procedures- Security Procedures- Operation Requirements- Daily Maintenance Procedures
Regulations enforced by the TanzaniaPetroleum Development Corporation(TPDC), Tanzania Beaureu ofStandards (TBS), and Pan AfricanEnergy (PAT) require this manual bereadily available to the person(s)operating the station at all times inthe event of an emergency.
The station manger is the personresponsible for the safe operation ofthe station. At various times of theday fuelling attendants at full servicestations, kiosk attendants at self-servestations or other staff designated bythe station manager, may be responsiblefor the safe operation of the station.
To facilitate response to an emergencysituation, a plastic encapsulated"Station Shutdown Procedure" (SSP)has been prominently posted in alocation readily visible to the personoperating the station. Identical procedures are displayed on theentry gate to the compressor/storagecompound. It displays the ConsumerGas emergency phone number forthe station (Station Specific) and thephone number to call for service incase of equipment breakdown, 1-800-…-…..*.
The contract between the Gas Utilityand the station owner requires thestation manager receive training inall aspects of CNG station operation. The Gas Utility is responsible for this training and isavailable on request to provide additional training for staff at the refuelling station. It is the responsibility of the station managerto notify the Gas Uility through thestation owner when training foremployees is required.
A. Emergency procedures
ESD Button Operation
When the ESD button is pushed itcuts power to the CNG fuel package, closing all valves that isolate major components of the system. CNG service personnel arerequired to reset the equipmentbefore it can be restarted. Withoutpower a solenoid value shuts off allsupply gas and disable the motor.ESD valves at the storage controlpanel close, isolating the natural gasin storage from the dispenser.Finally, the ESD valves in the dis-penser close.
The intention of an ESD is to minimize gas loss in the event of anincident with any part of the system.
Note: The Station ShutdownProcedure (SSP) diagram is displayedin the kiosk, on the compressor/storage compound access gate andin this manual. It indicates the
location of the ESD buttons as wellas other valves that can be closedalthough station personnel are notresponsible for closing them.
The CNG station must be shutdownin the event of an emergency situation including but not limited tothe following:
1. Fire2. Explosion3. Vehicular accident involving thedispenser or compressor/storage.4. Vehicular accident that creates ahazardous condition at the station.5. Any other site emergency thatinvolves the other fuels on the site(Gasoline, Diesel, Propane, etc.)6. Audible gas leak
In the event that one of the aboveoccurs, the Emergency Shutdown(ESD) button should be pushed toshutdown the entire CNG system.
Notify the authorities immediately aslisted on the next page.
If events 1 through 5 occurs, immediately call:
1. 911 and request Police, Fire orAmbulance as required.2. TPDC 24 Hour Service - RegionalOffice listed below.3. CNG service personnel at 1-800-…-….*
If event 6 occurs, call CNG servicepersonnel at 1-800-…-….*
Emergency numbers-24 hour service-regional offices to be completed with local numbers*.
B. Safety procedures
CNG refuelling stations are designedand constructed to ensure maximumsafety in operation. The station manager should observe the following safety requirements whenthe station is in operation:
1. The attendant or kiosk operatormust be familiar with the emergency
CNG station operation safetymanual for Tanzania
April 2011 17
immediate shutdown of the CNG system using the ESD and must bereported immediately to the NGV service personnel at 1-800-…-….*Leak inspection, and an appropriateresponse when found, is an important safety requirement. Leakslead to complaints and can have serious consequences if left unattended.
8. If a refuelling nozzle is leaking, itmust immediately be locked out ofservice. Dispensing of natural gasmay continue through the secondnozzle. The nozzle leak must bereported immediately to the NGV service personnel at 1-800-…-….*Locks are provided, as required, byTPDC.
9. Gates or doors leading to thecompressor/storage compound mustnot be obstructed to permit ease ofaccess in case of an emergency.
10. The compressor/storage compound can not be used for storage of any material. Stationmanagers should ensure the compressor/storage compound isfree of any stored material.
The compound will be kept clear topermit ease of access or egress inthe event of an emergency conditionat the compressor or storage.
C. Security procedures
Always ask for identification beforegranting access to the equipment.
CNG refuelling stations have beendesigned and built in compliancewith the codes and standards specified by TPDC and TBS.The station manager should ensurethe following security requirements inthese regulations are adhered to atthe station.
1. Ensure the compressor/storagecompound is locked at all times andonly authorized personnel haveaccess to the key. Where the compressor is not in the compound,the compressor enclosure accessdoors must be locked at all times andonly authorized personnel shouldhave access to the key.
procedures contained in this manualand the location of all ESD buttons.
2. The VEHICLE ENGINE MUST BETURNED OFF prior to authorizing thedispenser to delivery fuel.
3. NO SMOKING is permitted within ten (10) feet of the dispenseror vehicle receptacle.
4. View of the dispenser must not beobstructed from the kiosk while dispensing fuel to a vehicle.5. The console in the kiosk mustnever be left unattended while refuelling is in progress.
6. An attendant or kiosk operatormust not authorize more than twelve(12) hoses in total to refuel at onetime. Although some stations havemore than 12 dispensing points, thekiosk attendant is only permitted toauthorize a maximum of 12 simultaneous refuelling operations.
7. The station manager must checkthe compressor/storage and the dispenser(s) for leaks at least once(1) per day. Audible leaks require Continue to page 18
April 201118
2. Ensure the dispenser fill hoses arelocked to the dispenser during non-operating hours.
3. The electrical panel (main electrical cabinet) must be locked atall times. Keys will not be madeavailable at the station. The electrical panel is equipped with470 volts/600 amp wiring and willonly be accessible to CNG servicepersonnel.
4. CNG service personnel requireaccess to the equipment to performrepairs and carry out routine maintenance. CNG service personnel are required to identifythemselves to the station operatorprior to performing any work. Theyshould review what is to be done inparticular if it requires the station tobe shut down. "Out-of-Service" signsshould be posted at the dispenser ifthe station is shut-down.
NOTE: Locks are provided, asrequired, for the compressor/storagecompound date and for hoses on thedispenser. The method of locking thehose to the dispenser will bereviewed. Keys are to be kept in asecure location in the kiosk or stationoffice.
D. Operations requirements
The station manager requires a working knowledge of the followingequipment at a CNG station.
1. Dispenser:a) Use of the refuelling nozzleb) Operation and location of the dis-penser controlsc) Price changing using the "communicator"d) Volume reading using the "communicator"e) Location and operation of the ESDbutton
2. Kiosk:a) Dispenser authorization from theconsoleb) Reading reset at dispenser fromthe consolec) Displaying transactions at consoled) Console price settinge) Dispenser isolation from the consolef) Familiarization with console safetycontrols
g) Location and operation of the ESDbutton
3. Cardlock:a) Correct card usageb) Printer paper changec) Isolation using the disable switch
4. Kiosk/Fuelling IslandCommunication:a) Use of the intercom - talk/listen
The operation of the above equipment will be demonstrated atthe time of training to ensure the station manager understands theproper use. In addition, the stationmanager will be instructed on the useof the refuelling nozzle to assist customers uncertain of the correctrefuelling procedure.
E. Daily maintenance procedures
1. Check for gas and oil leaks at the compressor/storage area anddispenser. Report any found using 1-800-…-….*
2. Check for unusual operating noisesor abnormal operating conditions.
3. Check air intakes to compressorventilation system and remove anyobstructions.
4. Keep the compressor/storagecompound free of garbage.
5. Ensure all safety signs are inplace at the dispenser (no smoking,ignition off, ESD) and at the compressor/storage compound (nosmoking, flammable gas, StationShutdown Procedure diagram).Report any inconsistencies using 1-800-…-….*
7. Ensure gates to compound/storage are locked at all times.
8. Certain compressors may requiredaily inspection of the oil level withinthe crankcase. Call 1-800-…-….* ifthe oil level is below the top sightglass.9. Certain compressors require theblowdown tank to be drained dailyinto the container provided. You willbe notified of such procedures asrequired. Oil spills must be minimized as it is an environmentalconcern.
The station manager will be instructed how to turn off the powerto the compressor to ensure safeentry into the compressor enclosure. Oil is provided for pressure lubricators and the reservoir will beidentified. It is critical the blowdowntank and collection reservoirs bedrained daily as applicable. Failureto do so will result in an automaticshutdown of the station and maycause serious mechanical damagerto the compressor.
Within the enclosure is either anannunciator panel or light statuspanel. The annunciator panel showsthe status of the compressor by displaying number codes. These codes can be interpreted byusing the table adjacent to theannunciator. The annunciator panel displays normal operating codes such as "off","Standby", "Running", as well as faultssuch as "low inlet pressure", "low oilpressure". On the light status panel,lights illuminate and identify the statusof the system.
When the compressor shuts down inabnormal circumstances, identifyingthe annunciator code, or illuminatedlight, will assist service personnel toarrive prepared for specific repairs.The station manager should be alertfor unusual sounds or abnormal conditions when the compressor isrunning and be prepared to takeimmediate actions to shut down thecompressor.
During daily checks the status of allsigns should be noted and the presence of leaks based on smelland noise should be observed. No items should be stored in thecompressor/storage compound.Debris and spilled oil must becleaned up immediately.
F. Summary of proposedregulations
It is the responsibility of the stationoperator to become familiarized withthe outlined clauses in accordancewith this document.
Definitions
Full service station: a refuelling station at which only an operator or
Continued from page 17
April 2011 19
a station attendant can operate therefuelling equipment;
Operator: a) when referring to a refuelling station, the person who is responsiblefor the day to day operation andwho is normally located on thepremises during the hours of operation; and b) when referring to an CNG vehicle, the driver of the vehicle;
Station attendant: a person at a refuelling station who is normallylocated on the premises during thehours of operation
Fast-fill station: a refuelling station atwhich CNG flow from containers,except buffer containers, to a pointof transfer;
Slow-fill station: a refuelling station atwhich CNG flows from a compressor, either directly or throughadditional storage(buffer) containers,to a point of transfer.
NG fuel systems on vehicles
1. No person shall supply naturalgas to a natural gas vehicle or acontainer unless the natural gas vehi-cle or container complies with theStandards in place.
2. A container installed on a CNG vehicle to supply fuel to theengine or to any gas burning appliance on the vehicle shall,a) comply with the Regulation made under the National PressureVessels Act; and,b) is designed to accept CNG dispensed at the equivalent of20680 kPa gauge (3000psig) at 21 degrees Celsius (70 degreesFahrenheit).
3. A CNG vehicle shall bear a label specifying,a) the name and address of the conversion centre; and,b) the date of vehicle conversion.
Refuelling station and storage facilities1. The operator of a refuelling stationshall notify the Director promptly afterany accident or failure of any
equipment, component or accessorythat results in a release of natural gasat a refuelling station.
2. The operator of a refuelling stationshall not operate the refuelling stationor permit the refuelling station to beoperated unless it complies with thisStandard.
3. The operator of a refuelling stationshall ensure that each employee ofthe operator, each person who isauthorized to transfer natural gas to acontainer on a natural gas vehicle orto portable or bulk container andeach person to whom the operatorissues an access code, card or key istrained,a) in the use of the refuelling equipment and in the safe handlingof natural gas and the dispensingequipment used to fill natural gascontainers; andb) in the use of emergency shutdownswitches and valves.
4. No person shall operate refuellingor dispensing equipment or transfer natural gas to a container at a refuelling station unless the person istrained.
5. The operator of a refuelling stationshall ensure that a sign with the telephone number for the local gasutility is posted at the refuelling station in a conspicuous place nearthe telephone for use in case of anemergency.
6. The sign shall be not less than220 millimetres in height by 280 millimetres in width with letters ornumbers at least 45 millimetres inheight.
7. A compressor enclosure shall beof a design that will not accumulateleaked natural gas and shall not bemodified such as to reduce the ventilation allowed by the designerof the compressor enclosure.
8. A compressor shall be protectedfrom unauthorized access by afenced or walled area, building, orenclosure which shall not be used forany other purpose except that thefenced or walled area may also protect a gas storage facility.
9.A gas storage facility shall not belocated within, a) 4.5 m (15 feet) ofliquid fuel dispenser; and
b) 6 m (20 feet) of a liquid fuelaboveground storage.
10. A fence or wall or combinationthereof shall completely surround agas storage facility to prevent physical damage and unauthorizedaccess and shall have,a) a height of 1.8 m (6 feet) or moremeasured from grade level; andb) two gates where needed to ensurethat egress will not be obstructed byfire and the discharge of NG.
11. Signs with the words "AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY","NO SMOKING FLAMMABLE GAS"in letters not less than 45 mm (1.8inches) high shall be posted at everygas storage facility in conspicuousplaces where readily visible and atleast one of each sign shall beplaced near the gate.
12. At a fast-fill station, no personshall refuel a CNG vehicle unless thevehicle refuelling receptacle on thevehicle being refuelled is not lessthan 3 m (10 feet) from,a) a property line;b) liquid fuel aboveground storage;c) an opening, including an airintake, into a kiosk or building; andd) any source of ignition.
13. A refuelling nozzle for dispensingCNG shall be supported in a cradlewhere it is protected from accumulation snow, sleet, and rain.
14. At a fast fill station, the cradle,when part of a dispenser, shall bepositioned such that the refuellingnozzle must be removed from its cradle before the control arm of thedispenser can be moved to the "ON"position.
15. A refuelling supply hose assembly for dispensing CNG shall be,a) located outdoors;b) not more than 4.5 m (15 feet) inlength;c) protected against abrasion andformation of kinks;d) prevented from contacting theground; ande) free of cuts, abrasions, kinks orany other damage.
16. A refuelling supply hose shall bejoined to the point of transfer using aquick disconnect coupling which,
Continue to page 20
April 201120
when uncoupled, will shut off thesource of NG automatically.
17.A breakaway device shall beinstalled at every point of transferand the breakaway device shall bearranged to separate the couplingreferred to in clause 7.4.11 by aforce not greater than 20 kg (44pounds) when applied in any hori-zontal direction.
18. There shall be a prominently dis-played readily visible sign within 3 m(10 feet) of a point of transfer at arefuelling station,a) in black letters not less than 25mm (1 inch) in height on a safety yellow background measuring notless than 220 mm x 280 mm (8.5by 11 inches) bearing the words"NO SMOKING WITHIN 10 FEET,TURN IGNITION OFF WHILEBEING REFUELLED",or,b) using international symbols for"NO SMOKING" and “IGNITIONOFF" at least 102 mm (4 inches) indiameter coloured red and black ona white background and (i) when used at a fast-fill station thesymbols shall be mounted on a signmeasuring not less than 220 mm x280 mm (8.5 by 11 inches) havinga white background, and(ii) when used at a slow-fill station thesymbols may be applied to a smoothsurface on any part of the refuellingfacility.
19. At every self-serve attended sta-tion there shall be signs prominentlythere shall be signs prominently dis-played, within 3 m (10 feet) of thedispenser island, readily visible tooperators of vehicles approachingthe CNG dispenser from either direc-tion, indicating that high profile trucksand vans are not permitted to enterthe lane between the dispenser andthe kiosk.
20. Every operator of a self-serveattended station shall provide control equipment of the console type suchthat a CNG dispenser must be activated and the totalizer reset tozero before dispensing can commence.
21. The operator of a self-serveattended station shall provide controlequipment of the console type suchthat a CNG dispenser must be
activated and the totalizer reset to zerobefore dispensing can commence.
a) does not permit more than 12simultaneous dispensing operationirrespective of whether CNG, gasoline or propane is being dispensed;b) is able to communicate with a person at a CNG dispensing location;c) has an unobstructed view of everyCNG dispenser and a person operating the dispenser;d) has an ESD switch within easyreach of the console that can simultaneously shut off the dispensingof all self-serve CNG and gasolineoperations on the premises; ande) prior to operating the refuelling station, is knowledgeable of the contents of a manual setting forthcompany procedures complying withthis Standard and relating to, but notrestricted to,i) security,ii) safety requirements,iii) emergency procedures, andiv) routine maintenance.f) A copy of the manual referred to insubsection (e) shall be kept in thekiosk and available to the operator.
22. The console attendant at everyself-serve attended station shall,a) not activate a dispenser unlesssafe dispensing can commence;b) be in constant attendance at theconsole while the self-serve equipment is in use;c) in the event of a CNG spill, orother fuels spill, fire or explosion onthe premises, activate an ESD switchto shut-off the dispensing of CNG,gasoline, and propane to all vehiclesuntil a safe situation has beenrestored; andd) operate the self-serve attended station in accordance with the manual
23. The dispensing system at a self-serve unattended station of thefast-fill type shall remain inoperableuntil activated by a card, key orother similar access limiting device,and shall be deactivated automatical-ly so that it ceases operation on atleast one of the following conditions,a) when the weight of the fuel dis-pensed is equal to the capacity ofthe NG fuel system being refuelled;b) when the weight of the fuel dispensed is not more than 30 kilograms; or
c) when a manual flow (dead man)control that shuts off the CNG supplyis released.
24.At a refuelling station, a) theoperator of a CNG vehicle shallensure that the engine ignition isturned off during refuelling of thevehicle;b) no person shall have in his possession lighted smoking materialsor any other source of ignition within3 m (10 feet) of a point of transfer,any vehicle refuelling receptacle or acontainer being refuelled; andc) no person shall refuel a CNGvehicle unless the engine ignition isturned off, on board fuel fired appliance main burners and pilotlights are turned off, and any sourceof ignition is at least 3 m (10 feet)from the point of transfer, the vehiclerefuelling receptacle or the containerbeing refuelled.
25. A person who connects a fast-fillrefuelling hose to a CNG vehicleshall ensure that there is constant andimmediate control of the refuellingprocess.
26. Prominently displayed signs shallbe provided having red letters on awhite background to indicate thelocation of the ESD switches and,a) the letters on the sign shall be notless than 25 mm (1.0 inch) in height;and b) the signs shall be locatedwhere readily visible adjacent toevery ESD switch.
Note:1-800-…-…..*: Telephone servicenumber to be identified.
Continued from page 19
April 2011 21
Introduction
In Algeria, the engine fuel consumption is in constant growth. Itis induced by the strong economicgrowth, the social development andthe major role of the petroleum products in the satisfaction of theenergy needs. This demand is currently satisfied, mainly, by the traditional engine fuels (gasoline andgas oil) which present some disadvantages for the environment(pollution and emissions of the GHE).
The tendency in Algéria, as it is inmany countries, is towards the protection of the environment andthus making all the efforts in reduction of the emissions of pollutants and GHE by upgradingtraditional fuels quality and developping substitution fuels as well.
In this respect, the Natural GasVehicle (NGV) is the substitution fuelwhere the prospects for its development are promising making itthe future green fuel in Algéria.
History
The NGV was launched to Algeria inthe seventies. The constraints relatedto technological complexity and thebig capital costs at that time sloweddown the project with the profit ofthe LPG/F. In 1998, the project restarted andthe electricty and Gas companySONELGAZ launched the first distribution facility.
Within this framework, two compressor services were carried outbetween 1999 and 2001 and 10dedicated buses NGV wereacquired, parallel to the conversionof a certain number of light vehicles.Since year 2003, promulgation ofseveral lawful texts concerning theNGV helped the promotion of thisproduct. Reviewing of the law isactually carried out mainly to adaptthe Algerian specifications to international standards.
Characteristics and advantages of the NGV
The NGV is the natural gas produced in the gas fields.It is madeup, in major part, of compressedmethane which is stored and usedthen as alternate fuel in the place ofthe gasoline. it is characterized by ahigh octane number (about 110) andan appreciable calorific value.
The availability of natural gas inAlgeria entrusts to the NGV a promising future. Besides the technical progress in theNGV chain will make this fuel costattractive.
Situation of the NGV inAlgeria
Today the distribution network is notdeveloped enough and lack of promotion of this fuel constitutes amajor handicap. The economicparameters related to the prices andthe costs impacted heavily its development.
However, the current and futuredevelopment of the distribution network of natural gas is a factorfavorable to the generalization of theNGV. Precursory signs of promotionof this fuel appeared recently withnew engagements of the government.
Perspectives
Within this framework and parallel tothe national program of public distribution of natural gas, two programs of development were initiated. The national program ofpublic distribution of natural gasenvisages by the year 2020 a natural gas penetration rate of about60%, which will result in a consequent development of the public distribution network of naturalgas, facilitating at the same time theconnection of the compressor services of the NGV to the network.The national program of promotion
and development of the NGV, withthe participation of big national companies such as SONATRACH(Production, Transport and Marketingof natural gas), SONELGAZ(Distribution of natural gas)and NAFTAL (Domestic DistributionCompany) includes :
- The acquisition of bus rolling to natural gas;- The conversion of vehicles;- The investment in the equipment ofdistribution.
Conclusion
With a view to environmental protection, the development of NGVis a major axis of the Algerian energy policy. This is consolidated bythe abundance of the gas resourcesand the development of the distribution network of natural gas.The relatively big investments on thematter requires however specialfinancing with the assistance necessary of the State.
The 2007-2025 programs, accompanied by a suitable legislative framework will certainlyallow a promising part of the NGVin the Algerian mix engine fuels.
As presented at the 24th World Gas Congressin Argentina, October 2009.By: Akretche Said, Chairman-NAFTAL, Road ofthe Dunes, Chéraga, Algiers Tel.+213 21 38 13 13
Prospects for the developmentof Natural Gas Vehicle in Algeria
April 201122
50 reasons for using ngv/cngInfrastructure
1Almost 80 countries from all fivecontinents use NGV/CNG.
2More than 10 million vehicles runon this noble fuel today.
3Cars refuel at over 16 thousandfilling stations spread throughout2,400 cities worldwide.
4There are 2,600 service stationsunder construction. By end 2010,20,000 fuel dispensing points will
supply methane for vehicles.
5180 OEM NGVs are offered byvehicle manufacturers. OEMs’ interest is growing: Ford, Scania,
Opel, GM, Mercedes Benz, Toyota,Hyundai, Tata, Fiat –among others-are clear examples.
6The relation oil reserves- demand has reached the critical point or “peak oil” while
a similar situation is not foreseen inthe case of natural gas.
7Natural gas exploration keeps expanding into both traditionalwells and compact sand
deposits. Coal bed methane constitutes a new alternative.Methane hydrate reserves on the seabed are countless and several timeslarger than traditional reserves.
8Conventional gas pipelines networks continue to proliferate. Underwater
pipelines are built across oceans andothers over mountain ranges.
9The use of mobile natural gaspipelines –on trucks or trailers- makes NGV/CNG
available where there are no physicalpipelines either because of long distances or because of the scale ofthe demand.
10In typical NGV/CNG refuelingstations, owners do not haveto rely on the arrival of
trucks for the fuel supply since it isconstantly provided by the pipeline.
11It is possible for some users to refill their NGV/CNGcars at home because there are
dispensers that take natural gas directly from the domestic distribution network.
12Liquefaction and regasification terminals allow–through LNG technology-
that natural gas arrives at any placeof the planet. LNG carriers guaranteeits global distribution and the possibility of providing support forlarger supply. LNG transport does not entail the huge risks of ecologicaldisaster that oil poses.
13NGV/CNG industry involvesan 800,000 people labourforce worldwide, between
technicians and workers.
Applications
14Natural gas for vehicles mayreplace all liquid fuels in alltheir applications and more,
whereas the opposite is not possible
15Regarding land transport,there are cars, vans, scooters, motorbikes,
tricycles, all types of buses andtrucks that run on this fuel.
16In addition, cranes, farm machinery, snow cats,planes, light aircraft,
motorboats, ferries and trains –among others- are already NGV/CNG-propelled successfully.
Politics and saving
17Oil price is extremely unstableand its trend –especially afterthe last big international
crisis- is definitely upwards again.
18More and more governmentspromote natural gas as thecore of their energy matrix to
break the dependence generated bythe permanent liquid fuels importation.
19However, nations which arebig oil producers, like Iran orVenezuela, encourage the use
of natural gas in their domestic markets to increase their oil exports.
20Natural gas is the onlyabundant, eco-friendly,economically viable fuel
with the infrastructure required tosupply the world’s automotive fleetfor the next 40 years.
21The world average indicates thatdriving an NGV is 66% cheaperthan using a gasoline vehicle and
33% more economical than diesel.
22Countries that import fuelshave to pay 50% less fornatural gas (LNG) than for
liquid fuels like diesel (per equivalentunit of energy).
April 2011 23
Ecology and health
23NGV engines produce 25 percent less carbondioxide than petrol and
35 percent less than diesel. The CO2contributes to global climate changedue to greenhouse effect.
24They reduce carbon monoxideemissions by 95 percentcompared to diesel,
hydrocarbons emissions by 80percentand nitrogen oxides’ by 30 percent.
25CNG has a very low sulphurcontent (there are dieselengines that release 18.4
g/h), and has no particulate matter,lead or heavy metals traces.
26NGV/CNG cylinders arehermetically sealed receptacles, while by using
gasoline, part of it -contained in thetank- evaporates. This causes almosthalf of the contamination by hydrocarbons associated with the vehicular application.
27Unlike gasoline, natural gasfor vehicles does not havetoxic additives of organic
lead or benzene, the latter beinghighly carcinogenic.
28Natural gas is not toxic orcorrosive and does not contaminate groundwater at
all. That is why there is no environmentalrisk in case of leakage, contrasting withthe harmful environmental effectsbrought about by oil spills.
29NGV engines decrease noisepollution by having asmoother and more silent
performance than diesel engines.
30Biogas (methane from thebreakdown of organicmatter) turns natural
gas into a renewable fuel that can beproduced in the whole world. Biogasproduction from agricultural goodsyields four more times per hectarethan liquid biofuels.
31Natural gas complies withthe strictest environmentalstandards required by
governments and regulating agencies.It is the large-scale use fuel with thelowest contamination levels.
32It is the necessary bridge tohydrogen (immediate promisein terms of clean fuels, not
yet available on a large scale), given itsmolecular structure and the logisticsrequired for its implementation.
Safety
33NGV/CNG is not a newtechnology. It has 70years of history. It is
widely proven and its technologicaladvances are constant.
34Being lighter than air, incase of eventual leakage,compressed natural gas
rises and rapidly dissipates. Instead,gasoline spills and moves downwards,what increases fire and explosion riskconsiderably during an accident orleakage.
35CNG requires around 600ºC temperature for ignitionwhile petrol and liquefied
petroleum gas ignite at 280 and 480ºC respectively. This is the reason why itis much more improbable that an NGVcatches fire, under any circumstance.
36The fuel circuit for naturalgas is hermetic and hasno air inside. Therefore
there is no spontaneous ignition. On the contrary, in liquid fuels tanks,there is always flammable mixture,since they are open to the atmosphere.
37Cylinders are manufacturedunder very strict safetynorms and are subject to
tests with pressures much higherthan the ones existing during a regular refilling. Design and testingpressure is 300 Bar, they do not explode at less than 460 Bar, andthe working pressure is 200 Bar.
38Due to their robustness,structure, shape and itslocation inside the vehicle,
cylinders are much less dangerousthan a gasoline tank in case of collision. For example, they undergotests with fire and firearms.
Mechanics
39Natural gas for vehicleshas higher octane numberthan gasoline (125 vs.
90), what provides combustion without self-ignition, even in enginesof higher compression and efficiency.
40Furthermore, combustionis total, because the mixture between
NGV/CNG and air is perfect at anyambient temperature.
41The oil that lubricates theengine is less contaminated ifnatural gas is employed, and
intervals between oil changes aretwice as long.
�
42There are no sedimentsand the spark plugs arekept clean. The walls of the
engine cylinders are not washed, whatresults in better and more effectivelubrication.
43Combustion gases are notcorrosive. By not damagingmetals, the life of the
exhaust pipe and silencers is longer.
44The gaseous nature of thefuel eliminates the scanning actions in the
cylinders during fast acceleration periods, with the advantage of reducingthe corrosion of metal surfaces.
45The engine presents greatperformance flexibility during accelerations
without irregularities or backfires,even at low direct speed.
46Converted vehicles mayswitch from usingNGV/CNG to gasoline by
simply pushing a button or turning aknob while driving.
47NGV-gasoline bifuel systemdoubles the car’s drivingrange.
48Natural gas vehicles operate in all terrains,even across mountains. In
this sense, a truck –with a 37-tonnesload- drove above 4,800 meters highin the Peruvian Andes in May 2008.
49NGV/CNG works fine underany climate condition.Since the fuel does not
freeze –not even at low temperatures- the vehicle will alwaysbe ready to be used. NGV/CNG components are tested at -40°C during its approval process. Naturalgas only liquefies at -163 °C.
50What is more, the speedsit may reach are similar to racing cars’ speeds.
A biogas Audi A4 entered theGuinness Book of Records by achieving 364.6 km/h in April 2009,thus becoming the fastestNGV/CNG-driven car of the world. The milestone was reached on theFormula One Nürburgring race track in Germany.
www.ngvjournal.com
April 201124
Company and productDemand for Diesel-to-Natural Gas engine conversions remains strong
OmnitekEngineeringCorporation
reports 4th quarter andyear-end results
Omnitek Engineering Corporation(OMTK) has reported a 31 percentincrease in revenues for its yearended December 31, 2010, supportedby continued strong demand for itsdiesel-to-natural gas conversion systems, particularly in developingoverseas markets, and the company’shigh-pressure natural gas filter.
Net revenues for the fourth quarterincreased 27 percent to USD556,930 from USD439,509 a year earlier. For the same period, the company reported a reduced net lossof USD417,181, or USD0.03 pershare, compared with a net loss ofUSD918,511, or USD0.06 pershare, a year ago.
Net revenues for the twelve-monthperiod climbed 31 percent toUSD1.73 million from USD1.32 million in the same period a yearago. For the same period, the company reported a reduced net lossof USD1.15 million, or USD0.07 pershare, compared with a net loss ofUSD1.35 million, or USD0.08 pershare, a year earlier.
The company achieved positive cashflow from operations of USD40,111for the year ended December 31,2010 compared with negative cashflow of USD60,163 during the yearended December 31, 2009.
Results for the year were impacted byincreased operating expenses, particularly a non-cash charge forstock options of USD637,813 andincreased accounting and legalexpenses associated with Omnitekbecoming a public reporting company in late July.Gross margin for the full-year wasUSD578,537 compared with
USD391,969 a year ago. Grossmargin as a percentage of sales forthe same period was 33 percentcompared with 30 percent last year.
“Global demand for converting high-polluting diesel poweredengines to operate on natural gascontinues to benefit from increasedcrude oil prices.
We anticipate strong sales momentum for the balance of 2011,and look forward to a more favorable domestic regulatory environment to support the significantopportunities for our technology inthe United States,” said WernerFunk, president and chief executiveofficer of Omnitek EngineeringCorporation.
He highlighted two recent corporatedevelopments in emerging marketsdesigned to bolster growth overseas,including agreements in India andIndonesia focused on marketing andinstalling Omnitek’s diesel-to-naturalgas conversions kits for truck and busapplications.
About OmnitekEngineering Corporation
Omnitek Engineering Corp. developsand sells new natural gas engines,as well as proprietary diesel-to-natural gas conversion systems -- providing global customerswith innovative alternative energyand emissions control solutions thatare sustainable, affordable anddesigned to combat global warming.
Contact:Omnitek Engineering, Corp.1945 S Rancho Santa Fe Rd., SanMarcos, CA 92078Tel. +1 760-591-0089,[email protected]
April 2011 25
Filtering CNG and hydrogenused for refuelling is essentialfor the proper functioning
of components, both for vehicles and fuellingstations. Build up of residues, such as oil ormetal shavings can have a negative influence onfittings and valves and even result in damage and leakages. The new WEH® TSF2 and TSF4 particle filters have been specially designed to remove such particles from the gas flow. Having a high particleretention, they filter the gas flow and removereliably and securely those particles contaminating the gas. With integrated filter elements ranging from1 to 40 micron, the particle filter protects your refuelling components, suchas fuelling nozzles, receptacles, check valves, cylinder valvesand gas pressure regulator from the dirt found in the gasstream. All filters are constructed of high-quality materials andeither have a filter cartridge that can be cleaned easily andused again or a replaceable filter cartridge. They are easyto maintain and can also be retrofitted to fuelling stations and vehicles. The WEH® filters ensure well filtered CNG andhydrogen which will enhance service life of refuelling components and reduce maintenance costs and are available in different sizes and versions.
The product range covers coalescing filters for high pressureuse up to 390 bar and used for retaining particles from 0.3to 1 micron. The gas flows through the filter and those particlesbeing slower, such as oil, water and other liquid aerosolsform drops sinking to the bottom of the filter where they aredrained via the oil outlet. These filters feature ease of maintenanceand have an integrated fine filter for particle retention.
All WEH® CNG and hydrogen filters have been designedespecially for installation in cars, buses, trucks and fuellingstations and are highly efficient (efficiency rate of 99 % for0.3 micron particles). They have CE marking and are incompliance with the Pressure Equipment DirectivePED97/23/EC and have the ECE R110 approval for installation in CNG fuelled vehicles.
General information WEH Company: WEH®has been a pioneer in the field of alternative fuelssince 1986. They laid the foundation for the worldwideNGV1 standard by developing a complete range of products for NGV refuelling: From receptacles and checkvalves in vehicles to fuelling nozzles, filling hoses, break-awaysand filters for fuelling stations. Nowadays WEH® is a leading manufacturer of refuelling systems and partner tomany automotive manufacturers. The products are ideally suited to self-service operation. Safety, ease of operation andthe well executed design of WEH®products have led towide spread customer acceptance and are a major step inthe development of alternative fuels. As a long-standing
WEH® particle filters for safe CNG and H2 refuelling
Company and product
partner to the international automobile, hydraulic andmanufacturing industry, our experts have developedadvanced solutions for many applications.Many advanced solutions provide evidence of
the mature technology of WEH® components. Thelatest manufacturing facilities and continuous improvement
processes guarantee the highest quality standards.WEH® is certified to ISO 9001.
WEH® is a global thinking andacting group of companies withmore than 100 employees. Theproducts are used in all parts of theworld. WEH® has an international
sales network and is represented in42 countries worldwide.
Contact Person: Dennis Kropf Germany Phone: +49 7303 95190-551 eMail: [email protected]
WEH contacto: WEH GmbH - Josef-Henle-Str. 189257 Illertissen - Germany Internet: www.weh.comTel. +49 7303 95190-0, fax. +49 7303 95190-9999
April 201126
The capital cityof Argentina,Buenos Aires,will be the hostcity of the VExpoGNC2011 international
exhibition and conference.
The event will be held on November10th to 12th . The event is going tobe hosted by the ArgentineanChamber for CNG (CAGNC) andthe Argentinean Chamber of GasEquipment Producers (CAPEC).Ochre Hall of La Rural was chosenas the event venue.
NGV and new naturalenergy sources
In the conference session, severaltopics will be presented. It will coverpresentations from the vehicle andthe fuel segments. Various sources ofmethane fuels will be presented: natural gas from gas fields,biomethane (methane generationfrom organic matter), the productionof hydrogen from water, coal oralgae.
The exhibition and technical tour
Vehicles and equipment related tothis sector will be shown at the exhibition area, at the service of saving, environment, new technologies and the high performance of multi-purpose vehiclesand sports cars. We hereby inviteyou to visit our expo.
® Find out how we take care ofyour vehicle and the environmentwith new NGV conversion technologies, and the even highestperformance of "NGV-dedicatedunits".
® Watch how and why your truckor van obtains savings above 50% in
fuel.® NGV Heavy-Duty transportation:less expensive, less noisy, less harmful to the environment, more efficient, more profitable, and withabundant fuel.
® The conversion to CNG of theofficial transport fleet as a way ofreducing expenditures and increasing energy control and efficiency.
® A challenge at hand: PremiumNGV, hydrogen-methane blend.
® Towards the Rosario-Buenos AiresBlue Corridor. A first fast-filling CNGoption for Heavy-Duty transportation.
® Biogas, continuity and complement to NGV. The appropriate use of urban waste.
"Choose your technical tour": thoseinterested shall visit local factories in themorning based on a list of companieswith contact details available on theevent's official website.
Exclusive vehicles exhibition and test-drive: big automotive show.
All vehicles, all sizes, all functions, operating with clean and naturalfuels, with racing cars and, of
course, NGV-dedicated units –CNGonly.
Admission to the exhibition and con-ference will be free.
The 5th ExpoGNC 2011 will be held in Argentina
Company and product
Santa FeSanta Fe
April 2011 27
Company and productJoin NGV2011 Berlin International Show & Workshop, 7th-9th June 2011
2nd NGVA Europe International Show & Workshops
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170m2
A2040m2
STAND m² x COMPANY ACTIVITY COUNTRYA01 154 11 x 14 Landi Renzo CNG&LPG systems ItalyA04 36 4 x 9 Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH High-performance partner in the energy industry GermanyA05 176 16 x 11 BRC Gas Equipment Group CNG&LPG systems and compressor manufacturer ItalyA06 23 3,75 x 6 Vanzetti Engineering LNG Systems ItalyA09 170 15,5 x 11 Fiat - Iveco - FPT Vehicle manufacturer ItalyA10 40 4 x 10 Aspro Compressor manufacturer ArgentinaA12 30 4 x 7,5 Greener Cities/Cavagna Group/Raufoss NGV Transport/CNG Automotive Components/ Cylinder manufacturer All Europe/Italy/NorwayA13 33 5,5 x 6 Bauer Kompressoren GmbH Compressor manufacturer GermanyA14 10 4 x 2,5 Rail S. p. A. Injection Rails, components and accesories ItalyA15 27,5 5,5 x 5 3B Fibreglass Fibreglass reinforcement manufacturer BelgiumA16 19 5 x 3,75 Chart Ferox LNG Systems Czech RepublicA17 9 3 x 3 MCS International GmbH Cylinder manufacturer GermanyA18 20 4 x 5 erdgas mobil NGV Association GermanyA19 9 3 x 3 Eurocylinder systems AG Cylinder manufacturer GermanyA20 40 4 x 10 NGV Communications Group NGV Publiching House & Event Organizer ItalyA21 18 6 x 3 Indox cryoEnergy LNG Systems SpainA24 16 4 x 4 Items AB/Oasis Valves Sweden/New ZealandB01 154 5,5 x 14 Fornovo Gas Compressor manufacturer ItalyB02 77 5,5 x 14 Safe Compressor manufacturer ItalyB05 44 5,5 x 8 GNC Galileo Compressor manufacturer ArgentinaB07 44 5,5 x 8 Fornovo Gas Compressor manufacturer ItalyB09a 10,5 3x3,5 Kioshi ArgentinaB09b 10,5 3x3,5 Kioshi ArgentinaB09c 7,5 2,5x3 Axis ArgentinaB09d 7,5 2,5x3 Interia Dry gas filters and alumunium accesories for CNG&LPG PolandB11 41 5,5 x 7,5 Tenaris Cylinder manufacturer ItalyB12 33 5,5 x 6 Dynetek Cylinder manufacturer Germany/Canada/IndiaB14 27,5 5,5 x 5 OMVL LGP&CNG systems ItalyB15 60,5 5,5 x 11 Dresser Compressor Manufacturer ItalyB16 9 3 x 3 Cryostar LNG Systems FranceB17 9 3 x 3 Buschjost High pressure solenoid valves GermanyB18 9 3 x 3 Aldesa Autogas Equipments LPG&CNG systems TurkeyB19 9 3 x 3 Vitkovice Cylinders Cylinder manufacturer Czech RepublicC01 34 4 x 8,5 A. Silva Matos Group LNG & CNG production, distribution, storage and dispensers PortugalC02 77 5,5 x 14 Idromeccanica Compressor manufacturer ItalyC03 12 4 x 3 Sinoma Science & Technology (Suzhou) CO, Ltd. Cylinder manufacturer ChinaC04 44 5,5 x 8 Emer Group CNG&LPG components and solutions ItalyC05 16 4 x 4 Hydac International GmbH Engineering advice, production, installation and service GermanyC07 12 4 x 3 E. Seitz Valves SwitzerlandC08a 7,5 2,5x3 V Expo GNC ArgentinaC08c 7,5 2,5x3 GN Group ArgentinaC08d 7,5 2,5x3 Oyrsa ArgentinaC09 15 3,75 x 4 IAV GmbH Automotive Engineering GermanyC10 41 5,5 x 7,5 Schwelm Anlagentechnik GmbH Gas technology and refuelling GermanyC11 28 4 x 7 EKC Cylinder manufacturer India/UAE/ChinaC12 33 5,5 x 6 AEB srl Alternative Fuel Electronics ItalyC13 16 4 x 4 Lixun Electronics ChinaC14 27,5 5,5 x 5 KCR Co. Cylinder manufacturer KoreaC15 12 4 x 3 FHT Versusgas Sequential gas injection system PolandC16 9 3 x 3 Gemels s.r.l. Valves ItalyC17 14 4 x 3,5 Worthington Cylinders/Nitin Cylinders Cylinder manufacturer Austria/IndiaC18 9 3 x 3 Tamona LGP&CNG systems LithuaniaC19 18 4 x 4,5 Kavosh High Pressure Cylinders (KHC) Cylinder manufacturer IranC20 9 3 x 3 NPS Service AB Equipment for (bio) CNG stations SwedenC21 15 3,75 x 4 TÜV Saarland automobil GmbH Third Party Inspection GermanyC23 12 4 x 3 NGVA Europe European NGV Association SpainC25 16 4 x 4 Endress+Hauser CNGmass &LPGmass flowmeters SwitzerlandC27 16 4 x 4 VTI Automotive GmbH Valves and pressure regulators GermanyC29 12 4 x 3 Beijing Qifa Expo NGV China 2011 ChinaC31 16 4 x 4 Leobersdorfer Maschinenfabrik (LMF) Compressor Manufacturer AustriaC33 16 4 x 4 Weh GmbH Gas Technology Fueling components: receptacles, nozzles, hoses, check valves, break aways, filters GermanyC35 16 4 x 4 Greenfield AG Compressor manufacturer Switzerland
Reservations as per31 March 2011
April 201128
NGV statistics
Country Premiumpetrol (liter)
Regularpetrol(liter)
Diesel (liter) CNG (kg) Currency
Egypt 2,75 0,9 1,1 0,45 PTE
Tanzania 1650 1630 1350 TZS
Notes: The column 'the consumption in theory' is calculating total monthly consumption if cars consume 180, buses 3000, trucks 800, andother vehicles 50 Nm3 per month. There is, of course, a huge difference between different truck types. A 44 ton truck may consume up to8000 (not 800) Nm3 per month. The final column compares this number with the reported consumption (if available), otherwise shown as 0%. Figures far below 100 % might indicate that the true fleet of vehicles is lower than reported, alternatively that vehicles reported as trucks orbuses are light/medium duty vehicles.
ALGERIA
NGV: 125STATIONS: 3
TUNISIA
NGV: 34STATIONS: 1
EGYPT
NGV: 139.804STATIONS:129
NIGERIA
NGV: 145STATIONS: 3 TANZANIA
NGV: 31STATIONS: 1
MOZAMBIQUE
NGV: 253STATIONS: 2
SOUTH AFRICA
NGV: 24STATIONS: 2
Fuel Prices
Natural Gas Vehicles
Country
Natural Gas Vehicles Filling stations Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)
Last updateTotal Cars/LDVs MD/HD
busesMD/HDtrucks Others Total Public Private Planned
Average consumption
(actual report)
The consumption
in theory
Reported consumption
Egypt 139.804 137.126 1.220 713 745 129 125 4 19 0,68% 38,00 28,95 131,3% September 2010
Mozambique 253 250 3 2 2 0,01% 0,05 0,0% August 2010
Algeria 125 115 10 3 3 0,02% 0,05 0,0% October 2004
Nigeria 145 60 85 3 3 0,02% 0,08 0,0% March 2011
Tunesia 34 32 2 1 1 0,01% 0,01 0,0% October 2007
Tanzania 31 31 1 1 2 0,01% 0,01 0,0% October 2010
South Africa 24 21 2 1 2 2 August 2010
Africa 140.416 137.635 1.237 798 746 141 136 5 21 38 March 2011
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