Meteorology 6Meteorology 6

MINI – REVIEW - first 15 slides

– E6B TRIANGLE of VECTORS– FLIGHT PLANNING– AIRCRAFT POH TABLES– DRIFT– WINDS / CORIOLIS– UPPER WIND / CONTOUR

LINES– FRONT DEVELOPMENT– GFA – CLOUDS & WEATHER

2700 @20 knots34 NAUTICAL MILES

track 0420T

Heading ___@ 89 kts

270@20

20 K

270

042 T

2700 @20 knots

Tail wind exists so consider a lower power setting. With 75% and 2600 rpm we get 101 airspeed and 115 kt groundspeed. With 55% and 2350 rpm we get 89 airspeed and 101 groundspeed. It makes a difference of 2 extra minutes! Engine stress is much less, fuel flow is less With

270@20

CRUISE HEIGHTCRUISE HEIGHTClouds based at Clouds based at 4000 ASL require 4000 ASL require 500 ft below cloud, 500 ft below cloud,

or 3500 feet for or 3500 feet for cruise. cruise.

Flying above these Flying above these could mean tops at could mean tops at

only 5500, but 500 ft only 5500, but 500 ft above cloud would above cloud would need 7500 cruise need 7500 cruise

eastbound.eastbound.Note:Note: VFR OTT requires VFR OTT requires

1,000 feet separation1,000 feet separation

1,500 feet?

Temp -18C @ 6000 Temp -18C @ 6000 Power selection?Power selection?Temp -14C @ 650Temp -14C @ 650 30.42 30.42 so it is -16C at 3500so it is -16C at 3500 Pres.alt.3,000 Pres.alt.3,000

FLIGHT PLANNING LOGFLIGHT PLANNING LOG

LINDSAY 042 270/20 34 89HWY 7

CYKZ C-LING U. NOTME

032 101

2005/04/01

0+30

1.4 :20

cruise @ 4.2 gph

89 Ktas

-16C at a pressure altitude of 3,000 gives density altitude of 0 feet. Using -16C at a pressure altitude of 3,000 gives density altitude of 0 feet. Using the E6B a true speed of 89, also gives 89 Kcas.the E6B a true speed of 89, also gives 89 Kcas.

Add 3 to give 92 knots indicated speed.Add 3 to give 92 knots indicated speed.

CLIMB SPEEDCLIMB SPEED-Best Rate?-Best Rate?

-Cruise Climb?-Cruise Climb?-Best Angle?-Best Angle?

FLIGHT PLANNING LOGFLIGHT PLANNING LOG

LINDSAY 042 270/20 34 89HWY 7

CYKZ C-LING U. NOTME

032 101

2006/04/01

0+30

6735 92

6 :05 0.7 :20 1.4

0.4 :06circuit

:61 4.2

TILT MAP TO VISUALIZE LANDMARK TILT MAP TO VISUALIZE LANDMARK DISTORTION DUE TO THE OBLIQUE DISTORTION DUE TO THE OBLIQUE VIEW FROM THE AIR.VIEW FROM THE AIR.

FRONTAL WAVEFRONTAL WAVE

FDs - low levelFDs - low levelFCST BASED ON 251200 DATA VALID 251800 FOR USE 17-21 3000

6000 9000 12000 18000YAM 0117 3613-19 9900-21 9900-26 2408-35 note the backing winds in the descent over OttawaYOW 0720 0814-13 1109-12 1614-15 1934-22YQG 3309 3109-14 2707-16 2313-20 2232-28YVV 0606 0305-15 9900-17 2016-20 2039-28YYB 0406 9900-16 2009-17 2020-20 2043-28YYZ 0410 0506-13 9900-13 1909-17 1927-25

Fronts can show up in the vertical asFronts can show up in the vertical aswind shifts and varied lapse rates wind shifts and varied lapse rates

SURFACE

2000 – 3000 feet

5-12 & 13 Wind Direction5-12 & 13 Wind Direction

Drift DirectionDrift Direction

5-8 Geostrophic Wind5-8 Geostrophic Wind

5-11 Surface Friction5-11 Surface Friction

Coriolis Force 5-7Coriolis Force 5-7

• Increases with wind strength• Coriolis force greatest near poles

– Ie. Coriolis can “pull” the wind to geostrophic sooner• Therefore less wind needed to balance PGF

near poles• The pressure gradient or isobar spacing giving a

20k wind at 60° N latitude will give a 30k wind at 40° N latitude

5-9 Latitude 5-9 Latitude Effect on Effect on

Geostrophic Geostrophic WindWind

7-16 Frontogenesis and 7-18 Frontolysis7-16 Frontogenesis and 7-18 Frontolysis

TROWALS chap.8-12TROWALS chap.8-12

Weather LocationsWeather Locations

GFA GFA REVIEWREVIEW• Issued at 2330Z, 0530Z, 1130Z and 1730Z• Each GFA covers 12 hours

with a 12 hour IFR outlook• All of Canada covered with 7 GFA areas• Heights are feet above sea level• Section 3 of MET in AIP• Movements (fronts, lows, etc.) less than 5k not

indicated • CU, TCU, CB and ACC will be indicated• Winds less than 20 k usually not shown• Amended GFA shows CCA, etc in title box