Metals and Metal Compounds

Unit E

Do Now:

• What characteristics does a metal have?• What is an example of a metal?

Metals

• Periodic Table – contains all elements• Elements – a substance made of 1 type of

atom• Metal – an element that is usually a good

conductor– Contains physical and chemical properties

How do you tell if it is a metal?

• Physical Properties– Malleability, conductive, colour, sonorous, melting

point, boiling point

• Chemical Properties– A reaction with another substance, ex. Iron rusting

The Periodic Table

Types of Metals – Group 1

• Alkali Metals – very reactive, usually found combined with another substance

Group 2

• Alkaline Earth Metals – Reactive, harder than alkali metals, usually combined with other elements

Groups 3-12

• Transition Metals – most common metals, good conductors of electricity. Hard and shiny

Other metal groups:

• Metalloids• Lanthanides• Actinides• Post – Transition Metals

Do Now:

• Name each of the following and classify what type of metal it is:– Mg– Al– Cs– Fe– Sn– Ge

Making Salts

• Salt – A substance produced when an acid reacts with a base– Sulphates– Chlorides– Nitrates

What is an ACID?

• pH less than 7• Neutralizes bases• Forms H + ions in solution• Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form

hydrogen gas• Good conductors of electricity

Common Acids

• HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries

• HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives

• HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar

• H2CO3-carbonic acid – sodas

• H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings

What is a BASE?

• pH greater than 7• Feels slippery• Dissolves fats and oils• Usually forms OH- ions in solution• Neutralizes acids

Weak vs. Strong Bases

• Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate

• Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide

Common Bases

• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner

• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids

• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants

• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”

What is a SALT?

• A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base.

• Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.

• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction

• Examples: KCl, MgSO4, NaNO2

Metal + Acid = A Salt

• Mg + HCl →• Zn + HCl → • Fe + HCl →• Sn + HCl →• Cu + HCl →

Write out the equations

Do Now:

• Answer questions a-d on page 64

Acids and Bases

• Pure metal + acid = salt + hydrogen gas

• Base + Acid = salt + water–Bases are a metal with:• Oxides• Hydroxides• Carbonates

Identify the following:

• MgO• HNO3

• KOH

• Ca(OH)2

• HCl

• NaOH • CaCO3

Name the following:

• HNO3

• KOH

• Ca(OH)2

• HCl

• NaOH • MgO• CaCO3

Neutralization

• Neutralization – Reaction between an acid and a base.

• What is the pH of a base?• What is the pH of an acid?• What is the pH after neutralization?

Reactions

• Acid + metal oxide → a salt + water• Acid + metal hydroxide → a salt + water• Acid + metal carbonate → a salt + water + carbon dioxide

• https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/concentration

Properties of Acids:

• they taste sour• turn litmus paper red• react with certain metals to yield hydrogen

gas.

Properties of Bases:

• they taste bitter• turn litmus paper blue• feel slippery

Common Acids and Bases at Home:

• Vinegar• Baking soda• Soap• Ammonia • Soda• http://

www.ehow.com/list_6930749_acids-bases-found-homes.html

Do Now:

• Look at your results from yesterdays titration lab. Compare your acid and base. Which is stronger or are they similar?

• Why?

Need to Know Chemical Formulas:

• Products:– Water H2O

– Hydrogen Gas H2

– Carbon Dioxide CO2

• Acids:– Hydrochloric Acid HCl– Sulphuric Acid H2SO4

– Nitric Acid HNO3

Reactions with a Metal:

• Hydrochloric Acid + Metal → Metal chloride + hydrogen gas

• Sulphuric Acid + Metal → Metal sulphate + hydrogen gas

• Nitric Acid + Metal → Metal Nitrate + hydrogen gas

Reactions with Metal Oxides:• Hydrochloric Acid +Metal Oxide → Metal Chloride + Water • Sulphuric Acid + Metal Oxide → Metal Sulphate + Water• Nitric Acid + Metal Oxide → Metal Nitrate + Water

• Oxide = Metal and only oxygen– MgO– Na2O

– Al2O3

Reactions with Metal Hydroxides:

• Hydrochloric Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Chloride + Water • Sulphuric Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Sulphate + Water• Nitric Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Nitrate + Water

• The biggest change with a hydroxide from an oxide, the final equation WILL need to balanced!

• Metal Hydroxide = Metal with an oxygen and hydrogen (OH)– NaOH– Al(OH)3

– Ba(OH)2

Reactions with Metal Carbonates:• Hydrochloric Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide• Sulphuric Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Sulphate + Water + Carbon Dioxide• Nitric Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Nitrate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

• Carbonates will ALWAYS produce carbon dioxide!• These reactions will usually need to be balanced!

• Metal Carbonate = Metal with carbon and oxygen (CO3)

– CaCO3

– MgCO3

– Na2CO3

Activity:

• Complete the worksheet for practice

Do Now:

• Complete and balance the following reactions:1. _____ + NaOH → NaCl + ________2. H2SO4 + Al2(CO3)3 → Al2(SO4)3 + ___________

3. _______ + Zn → Zn(NO3)2 + ____________

4. HCl + _________ → KCl + H2

5. ______ + Ba(OH)2 → Ba(NO3)2 + __________

Use of Salts

• Sodium Chloride – table salt

Fertilizers

• Fertilizer – Nutrients that can be added to a soil if needed–Many are made up of :• Nitrogen (N)• Phosphorus (P)• Potassium (K)

NPK

• Fertilizers often have 3 numbers, representing the percentage of each element inside

NPK

• Nitrogen provides plants with the ability to produce more chlorophyll, which in turn allows plants to grow quickly

• Phosphorous aids in root development and increases flowering ability and bloom size

• Potassium has many functions:– It guards the plant against diseases – Aids in drought protection and cold tolerance. – Serves a role in improving root development– helps in the process of photosynthesis

How much of each?

• Why is the total percent not 100?

Activity:

• Open your books to page 67:• Answer questions 1 and 2• Besides, fertilizers and table salt, what other

places do you see salts being used?