Metabolism of Sphingolipids - JUdoctors · 12/7/2012 1 Metabolism of Sphingolipids...
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Metabolism of SphingolipidsSphingophospholipids
Glycosphingolipids
Faisal Khatib MD; PhDFaculty of Medicine, University
of Jordan
Sphingosine; Amino Alchol
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Sphingosine; Amino Alchol
HO-CH-CH=CH-(CH2)12CH3
CH-NH2ICH2-OH
Ceramide: Fatty Acid to joined to Sphingosine
HO-CH-CH=CH-(CH2)12CH3O║
CH-NH-C-(CH2)n-CH3ICH2-OH
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Sphingomyelin is Phosphocholine Ester of Ceramide
HO-CH-CH=CH-(CH2)12CH3O║
CH-NH-C-(CH2)n-CH3I
CH2-O -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3+P
GLYCEROL
FATTY ACID
FATTY ACID
PHOSPHOACYLGLYCEROL
PHOSPHATE
ALCOHOL
Sphingophospholipids
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+ CO2
Transfer Of Phosphocholine to Ceramide Produces
Ceramide Phospatidyl Choline
Sphingomylein Diacyl Glycerol
Sphingomylein
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Glycolipids are Formed by Linking one or More Sugars to Ceramide
Ceramide +-Glucose or Galactose => Cerebroside
-Sulfated Galactose => Sulfoglycosphingolipids
-Oligosaccharide => Globoside
-Oligosaccharide with NANA => Gangliosides
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N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (NANA)
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Activated Donors in Glycolipids Synthesis
• UDP-Glucose
• UDP-Galactose
• UDP-N-Acetylgaalctoseamine
• CMP- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
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Galactocerbroside
Glucocerbroside
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Transfer of Sulfate Group to Galactocerbroside Produces Sulfogalatocerbroside (Sulfatide)
3 Phosphoadenosine 5 Phosphosulfate PAPS
Sulfate Group Donor
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Degradation of Sphingolipids• Hydrolytic Enzymes, Specific for the Sugar• - α Galactosidase
- β Galactosidase- neuraminidase- Hexoaminidase
• In Lysosomes• Enzymes are firmly Bound to Lysosomal
Membrane. • The pH Optimum 3.5-5.5• Stepwise Sequential Process• “Last on, First off”
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Glc Gal
Gal
GalNAcGal
NAcGal
NANA
NANA
NANA
Glc
Glc Gal
Glc Gal
βGalactosidaseβHexoseaminidase
neuraminidase
Sphingolipidoses
• Lipid Storage Diseases• Defect in one of the Enzyme• Inherited as Autosomal RecessiveDisease• Accumalation of Specific Lipid
Substrate of the Defective Enzyme• Brain is Mostly Affected.• Extent of Enzyme deficiency is the same in
Different Tissues.
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Degradation of SphingomyelinSphingomyelin
Ceramide
SphingosineSphingomyelinase
Ceramidase