8 metabolism, cell respiration & photosynthesis syllabus statements
Metabolism. Chapter 5 Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism Photosynthesis requires...
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Transcript of Metabolism. Chapter 5 Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism Photosynthesis requires...
Metabolism
Chapter 5
Metabolism
• Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism
• Photosynthesis requires Respiration
• Respiration requires Photosynthesis
• Energy Production = Energy Consumption
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
BreakdownProteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose
SynthesisAmino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Overview of Metabolism
• Source of Energy (Photo- vs. Chemotroph)• Source of Electrons• Carrier of Electrons• Final Electron Acceptor
• Source of Carbon (Auto- vs. Heterotroph)• Auto- : Carbon Dioxide• Hetero- : Organic Compounds
Chapter 5
Classification based on Metabolism
• Where microbes get their energy?• Sunlight vs. Chemical• Photo- vs. Chemo- trophs
• How do they obtain carbon?• Carbon Dioxide (or inorganic cmpds.) vs. Organic
Compounds (sugars, amino acids)• Auto- vs. Hetero- trophs
• Examples• Photoautotrophs vs. Photoheterotrophs• Chemoautotrophs vs. Chemoheterotrophs
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Types of -trophsType Energy C source Example
Photoauto- Sun CO2 Purple &Green sulfurbacteria
Photohetero- Sun OrganicCompounds
Purple &Green Non-sulfur bacteria
Chemoauto- Chemicalbonds
CO2 H, S, Fe, Nbacteria
Chemohetero- Chemicalbonds
OrganicCompounds
Most bacteria,fungi,protozoa,animals
Chapter 5
Source of Electrons
• Autotrophs• Photosynthesis
• H2O, H2S
• Chemotrophs• Organic Compounds
• Carbohydrates (C H2O)• Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose
• Amino Acids
Chapter 5
Electron Carriers
• Photosynthesis• NADP + H to NADPH
• Respiration• NAD + H to NADH• FAD + H to FADH
Chapter 5
Final Electron Acceptor
• Photosynthesis• CO2 + H’s to CH2O
• Stores energy• Respiration
• Aerobic• 1/2 O2 + H 2 to H2O
• Anaerobic• Fermentation
Chapter 5
Movement of Electrons
• Chemical reactions
• Oxidation Reactions
• Reduction Reactions
• Reactions Coupled• Redox reactions
Chapter 5
Example of Redox Equations
Chapter 5
Example of Redox Equations
Chapter 5
Examples
• ATP ADP + P • Oxidation, release energy
• ADP + P ATP• Reduction, stores energy
• NAD + H NADH• FADH FAD + H• NH4 + 11/
2O2 NO2- +H2O + 2H + ATP
• 2H2 + O2 2H2 O
Chapter 5
Examples
• Cellular Respiration• C6H12 O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38
ATP• Photosynthesis
• 6H2O + 6CO2 + light C6H12 O6 + 6O2
Chapter 5
Respiration
• Overview;• Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy
• C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
• Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy• Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy
• 4 separate reactions• Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle,
Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis• Requires Oxygen
Chapter 5
Steps in Respiration
• Electron Donors• Organic Compounds (Glucose preferred)
• Electron Carriers• NAD to NADH• FAD to FADH
• Electron Acceptors-Terminal• O2 to H2O
• Phosphorylation Reactions• ADP to ATP
• Chemiosmosis Reactions
Chapter 5
Glycolysis- 10 steps
• Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate
• Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
• Final Products are:• 2 Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3)
• Compare to original glucose - C6H12O6
• 2 NADH• 2 ATP
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Transition Reaction
• Pyruvic Acid Acetyl - Co A + CO2 + NADH
• C2H4O2
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Kreb’s Cycle
• Figure E.3, A29• Acetyl CoA Carbon Dioxide
• C2H4O2 to CO2
• Energy produced/Acetyl CoA (x2 for /Glucose)• 3 NADH• 1 FADH• 1 ATP
• Metabolic Wheel• Fats, amino acids, etc. enter or leave• Citrate is product of first reaction
Chapter 5
Electron Transport Chain
• NADH oxidized to NAD• FAD reduced to FADH• Cytochromes shuffle electrons finally to
O2
• Cytochrome Oxidase important in G - ID
• H2O formed and ATP• 3 ATP / 1 NADH• 2 ATP / 1 FADH
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/etc/first.htm
• vcell.ndsu.edu/.../atpsynthase_04.htm
Chapter 5
Chemiosmosis
• Production of ATP in Electron Transport• Electrochemical Gradient Formed between
membranes• H+ (Protons) generated from NADH• Electrical Force (+) & pH Force (Acid)• Gradient formed• ATPase enzyme that channels H+ from High
to Low concentration• 3 ATP/NADH• 2 ATP/NADH
Chapter 5
Fermentation Products
• Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide• Yeast mostly
• Lactic Acid• Humans, muscles without oxygen• Bacteria (Lactobacillus-yogurt)
Chapter 5
Fermentation in Yeast
Chapter 5
Fermentation in Muscle
Chapter 5
Summary of Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration• Glycolysis• Transition Rx.• Kreb’s Cycle• Electron Transport
Chain• Anaerobic Respiration
• Pyruvate • Lactic Acid• Mixed Acids• Alcohol + CO2
• Recycle NADH• 2 ATP / Glucose