Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic...
Transcript of Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic...
PBRC 2009
Metabolic Syndrome
Prepared by :Dr. Latifa Mari’e
PBRC 2009
Metabolic Syndrome: Overview
Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism, including:
o High blood pressure
o High insulin levels
o Excess body weight
o Abnormal cholesterol levels
Each of these disorders is by itself a risk factor for other diseases.
In combination, however, these disorders dramatically boost the chances of developing potentially life-threatening illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease or stroke.
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The more components of the syndrome that you have, the greater the risks to your health.
Signs and Symptoms
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Metabolic Syndrome
The syndrome is closely related to a generalized metabolic disorder called insulin resistance, in which the body can’t use insulin efficiently.
Metabolic syndrome has been called many names, including:
o Syndrome X
o The deadly quartet
o Insulin Resistance Syndrome
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Prevalence
Affects as many as one in four American adults (25%)
For adults over the age of 40, more than 40% are affected.
Metabolic syndrome prevalence has increased by 61% over the past decade.
Rates differ among races and genders.
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey III, 1988-1994.
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Risk Factors The following factors increase your risk of developing
Metabolic Syndrome:
Age The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age, affecting less than 10% of people in
their 20s and 40% of people in their 60s.
Race Metabolic syndrome is generally more common among blacks and Mexican-Americans than
among Caucasians.
Obesity A body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 increases your risk of metabolic syndrome and
abdominal obesity increase the risk of MS. Abdominal obesity refers to having an apple
shape rather than a pear.
History of diabetes
Having a family history of type 2 diabetes or diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
increases the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.
Other diseases
A diagnosis of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or polycystic ovary syndrome
(a hormonal disorder in which a woman’s body produces an excess of male hormones) also
increases the risk for metabolic syndrome.
Apple Pear
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When is it time to seek medical advice?
The presence of one feature of metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or an apple-shaped body, increases the risk. An individual may already have the condition and not know it.
It is important to talk with your doctor about testing for other components of the syndrome and developing a plan to avoid serious diseases.
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Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome
Waist Circumference
o Greater than 35 inches (89 cm) in women and 40 inches (102cm) in men
(abdominal obesity)
Triglyceride
o Levels of 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or higher
Blood Pressure
o 130/85 millimeters of mercury or higher
Fasting blood glucose
o Level of 110 mg/dl or higher
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)
o Lower than 50 mg/dl in women and 40 mg/dl for men
According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the presence of
three or more of the following traits indicates metabolic syndrome:
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Prevention
Commit to a healthy diet
o A healthy diet includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, choosing lean
cuts of white meat and fish over red meat, avoiding processed or
deep-fried dinners, and eliminating table salt by experimenting with
other herbs and spices.
Get moving
o It is important to stay active. Get at least 30 minutes of moderately
strenuous activity on most days of the week is recommended.
Schedule regular check-ups
o This includes assessing blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar
levels annually. Early detection of problems can help with formulating
lifestyle modifications.
Healthy lifestyle changes can prevent the onset of the syndrome.
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Treatment
The underlying insulin resistant state is the primary target of therapy.
The primary goal of treatment is to prevent:
o Type 2 diabetes
o Heart attack
o Stroke
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Treatment
To reduce insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals, the preferred
method is an aggressive regimen of self-care strategies focusing on diet and exercise.
It is common for your doctor to routinely monitor the following to ensure that lifestyle modifications are working:
o Weight
o Blood glucose
o Cholesterol
o Blood pressure
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Self-care
Lose weight
o Losing as little as 5 to 10% of your body weight can reduce insulin levels and high
blood pressure, thus reducing your risk of diabetes.
Exercise
o Walking just 30 minutes a day or engaging in other aerobic activities can help
prevent the serious diseases associated with MS.
Stop smoking
o Smoking cigarettes increases insulin resistance and worsens health
consequences associated with MS.
Eat fiber-rich foods
o Whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables are high in dietary fiber.
These are important foods to eat since dietary fiber is known to
lower insulin levels.
Although metabolic syndrome creates a real risk for developing diabetes, stroke or heart disease,
these conditions can be prevented. Insulin resistance can be controlled by the following:
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Weight loss drugs
Along with diet and exercise, it may be necessary to prescribe weight loss drugs.
orlistat (Xenical)
Insulin sensitizers
In individuals with diabetes, doctors often prescribe thiazolidinediones and metformin
(Glucophage, Glucophage XR) to decrease insulin resistance. These medications may
also be useful in improving insulin metabolism in individuals with MS.
Treatment
Medications to control the syndrome’s individual risk factors include:
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Treatment
Aspirin Aspirin is often prescribed to help reduce the risk for a heart attack.
Medications to lower
blood pressure
Major types of medications used to control high blood pressure include diuretics,
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and
beta blockers.
Medications to regulate cholesterol
Medications such as niacin, statins and fibrates can help improve cholesterol in the
following ways:
By reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol)
By increasing the level of high-density (HDL) cholesterol (“good” cholesterol)
By decreasing the level of triglycerides (Another “bad” component of cholesterol)
Medications to control the syndrome’s individual risk factors include:
Thank you
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