Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic...

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PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome Prepared by :Dr. Latifa Mari’e

Transcript of Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic...

Page 1: Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism,

PBRC 2009

Metabolic Syndrome

Prepared by :Dr. Latifa Mari’e

Page 2: Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism,

PBRC 2009

Metabolic Syndrome: Overview

Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism, including:

o High blood pressure

o High insulin levels

o Excess body weight

o Abnormal cholesterol levels

Each of these disorders is by itself a risk factor for other diseases.

In combination, however, these disorders dramatically boost the chances of developing potentially life-threatening illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease or stroke.

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PBRC 2009

The more components of the syndrome that you have, the greater the risks to your health.

Signs and Symptoms

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PBRC 2009

Metabolic Syndrome

The syndrome is closely related to a generalized metabolic disorder called insulin resistance, in which the body can’t use insulin efficiently.

Metabolic syndrome has been called many names, including:

o Syndrome X

o The deadly quartet

o Insulin Resistance Syndrome

Page 5: Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism,

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Prevalence

Affects as many as one in four American adults (25%)

For adults over the age of 40, more than 40% are affected.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence has increased by 61% over the past decade.

Rates differ among races and genders.

National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey III, 1988-1994.

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Risk Factors The following factors increase your risk of developing

Metabolic Syndrome:

Age The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age, affecting less than 10% of people in

their 20s and 40% of people in their 60s.

Race Metabolic syndrome is generally more common among blacks and Mexican-Americans than

among Caucasians.

Obesity A body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 increases your risk of metabolic syndrome and

abdominal obesity increase the risk of MS. Abdominal obesity refers to having an apple

shape rather than a pear.

History of diabetes

Having a family history of type 2 diabetes or diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes)

increases the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.

Other diseases

A diagnosis of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or polycystic ovary syndrome

(a hormonal disorder in which a woman’s body produces an excess of male hormones) also

increases the risk for metabolic syndrome.

Apple Pear

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PBRC 2009

When is it time to seek medical advice?

The presence of one feature of metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or an apple-shaped body, increases the risk. An individual may already have the condition and not know it.

It is important to talk with your doctor about testing for other components of the syndrome and developing a plan to avoid serious diseases.

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Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome

Waist Circumference

o Greater than 35 inches (89 cm) in women and 40 inches (102cm) in men

(abdominal obesity)

Triglyceride

o Levels of 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) or higher

Blood Pressure

o 130/85 millimeters of mercury or higher

Fasting blood glucose

o Level of 110 mg/dl or higher

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

o Lower than 50 mg/dl in women and 40 mg/dl for men

According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the presence of

three or more of the following traits indicates metabolic syndrome:

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PBRC 2005

Page 10: Metabolic Syndrome - كلية الطب€¦ · PBRC 2009 Metabolic Syndrome: Overview Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease, but rather a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism,

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Prevention

Commit to a healthy diet

o A healthy diet includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, choosing lean

cuts of white meat and fish over red meat, avoiding processed or

deep-fried dinners, and eliminating table salt by experimenting with

other herbs and spices.

Get moving

o It is important to stay active. Get at least 30 minutes of moderately

strenuous activity on most days of the week is recommended.

Schedule regular check-ups

o This includes assessing blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar

levels annually. Early detection of problems can help with formulating

lifestyle modifications.

Healthy lifestyle changes can prevent the onset of the syndrome.

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Treatment

The underlying insulin resistant state is the primary target of therapy.

The primary goal of treatment is to prevent:

o Type 2 diabetes

o Heart attack

o Stroke

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Treatment

To reduce insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals, the preferred

method is an aggressive regimen of self-care strategies focusing on diet and exercise.

It is common for your doctor to routinely monitor the following to ensure that lifestyle modifications are working:

o Weight

o Blood glucose

o Cholesterol

o Blood pressure

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Self-care

Lose weight

o Losing as little as 5 to 10% of your body weight can reduce insulin levels and high

blood pressure, thus reducing your risk of diabetes.

Exercise

o Walking just 30 minutes a day or engaging in other aerobic activities can help

prevent the serious diseases associated with MS.

Stop smoking

o Smoking cigarettes increases insulin resistance and worsens health

consequences associated with MS.

Eat fiber-rich foods

o Whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables are high in dietary fiber.

These are important foods to eat since dietary fiber is known to

lower insulin levels.

Although metabolic syndrome creates a real risk for developing diabetes, stroke or heart disease,

these conditions can be prevented. Insulin resistance can be controlled by the following:

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Weight loss drugs

Along with diet and exercise, it may be necessary to prescribe weight loss drugs.

orlistat (Xenical)

Insulin sensitizers

In individuals with diabetes, doctors often prescribe thiazolidinediones and metformin

(Glucophage, Glucophage XR) to decrease insulin resistance. These medications may

also be useful in improving insulin metabolism in individuals with MS.

Treatment

Medications to control the syndrome’s individual risk factors include:

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Treatment

Aspirin Aspirin is often prescribed to help reduce the risk for a heart attack.

Medications to lower

blood pressure

Major types of medications used to control high blood pressure include diuretics,

angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and

beta blockers.

Medications to regulate cholesterol

Medications such as niacin, statins and fibrates can help improve cholesterol in the

following ways:

By reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol)

By increasing the level of high-density (HDL) cholesterol (“good” cholesterol)

By decreasing the level of triglycerides (Another “bad” component of cholesterol)

Medications to control the syndrome’s individual risk factors include:

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Thank you

PBRC 2005