Metabolic Diversity Two fundamental nutritional needs: 1.Acquiring chemical energy in the form of...
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![Page 1: Metabolic Diversity Two fundamental nutritional needs: 1.Acquiring chemical energy in the form of ATP – Pump ions, move cargo, undergo chemical reactions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee45503460f94bf2f11/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Metabolic Diversity
• Two fundamental nutritional needs:1.Acquiring chemical energy in the form of ATP– Pump ions, move cargo, undergo chemical
reactions in the cell
2.Obtaining carbon– Used to synthesize fatty acids, DNA, RNA, and
other molecules
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Culturing Techniques
• Researchers use specific compounds and substrates in the culture medium and observe what grows!
• MacConkey agar– Isolates enteric, Gram-negative, bacteria based on
their ability to ferment lactose
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SIM Test
• S = Sulfur reduction
• I = Indole production– Kovac’s reagent
• M = Motility
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Simmons Citrate Test
• Tests the ability of certain organisms to utilize citrate as a carbon source.
• pH indicator = Bromthymol blue– pH > 7.5 turns royal blue– Neutral pH green (just like uninoculated media)
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Christensen Urea Test
• Some bacteria utilize urea, which results in the formation of ammonia.– Alkaline• Produces a red-pink/red-violet color
– A negative reaction will have no color change and the agar medium will remain pale yellow.
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Identifying Specific Bacteria
Bacteria Genus
Sulfur Indole Lactose Citrate Urease
Escherichia - + + - -Edwardsiella + + - - +/-Salmonella + - +/- + -Enterobacter - - + + +
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Water Quality Index
• Fecal coliform measurements:1. Multiple-Tube Fermentation
– Most Probable Number (MPN)
2. Membrane Filtration– Measures both Total Coliform and E. coli
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Membrane Filtration using mColiblue