Message Design. Audience Perspective “You don’t build it for yourself. You find out what the...
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Transcript of Message Design. Audience Perspective “You don’t build it for yourself. You find out what the...
Message Design
Audience Perspective
“You don’t build it for yourself. You find out what the people want and you build it for them”
- Walt Disney
Health behavior change strategy that encourages an audience focus…
Social Marketing
What Makes a Public Health Message Effective?
What messages have you seen that you remember?
What made them memorable? Which ones motivated you to take action? Which ones caught your eye but had no
effect? What is the difference?
Communication, defined:
A transactional, symbolic process– Occurs between two or more persons– Intentional exchange– Alters affect, cognition, and/or behavior– Occurs within a structure of relationships
Messages: A Form of Communication
Takes place on receivers terms Language used reflects, reinforces
thought/cognition Every message has multiple effects Receiver combines emotion and logic Repetition is preferable to one-shot
messages
General Principles
Believability depends on source credibility (expertise, trustworthiness, dynamism)
Source that is trusted in one domain may not be trusted in another
Discrediting of source is the first response among more educated audiences
Characteristics of Good Messages
Clear, detectable goal – usually a specific behavior change
Clarity, easily understood Consistency Tone and appeal Credibility What public needs/wants to know
How the Public Sees Health Messages
Dislike fear appeals Skeptical about science Don’t perceive themselves to be at
risk Don’t want to feel susceptible Have contradictory beliefs Personalize new information
Types of Appeals
Positive emotional appeals– Rational – argument– Emotional benefit – comply get benefit– Heuristic – feel good about choice
Humorous appeals– Context is typically not funny– Simple message – not appropriate for complex messages
Threat/fear appeals– Solutions are easy and effective– Audience is vulnerable/threat is severe
Message Repetition
Aids consumer learning Helps establish new services or products Groups of messages don’t wear out as fast as a
single message Only good messages wear out Humor/gag/punch lines wear out faster Single messages can run longer if there are greater
time spans between airings Second airings wear out faster than first
Strategies to Consider
Use novel messages, settings and media Invoke personal responsibility Present unexpected content or scene Instruct audience to pay attention Avoid qualifiers – “perhaps, may, possibly” Use “your” “this” “these” not “that” “those”
Testing the messages
Do they convey what you intend?
Do they encourage behavior change?
Is the call to action clear?
Will it repel rather than attract?
Steps in pre-testing process
Set clear communication goals
Determine how well objectives are met
Determine who to interview and how to recruit (no substitutes)
Conduct research Allow enough time Report back to creative
or production team
Pre-testing Objectives
Target audience – do they recognize the message is for them?
Call to action – do they understand what they are being asked to do?
Benefits – do they recognize the benefits? Are they attracted to them?
Appeal – does the message motivate or persuade them?
Pre-testing Objectives (cont.)
Tone – is the tone appropriate? Does anything offend or annoy them?
Spokesperson- is the person/object believable? Likeable? Similar to audience?
Secondary audience: same questions any part unacceptable?
Spokesperson
What is the narrator like? In what ways is he/she/it like you? Do you believe him/her? What type of person should be used instead?
How is message received -Brochure
Which brochure do they pick up? Do they read them? Do they keep them? What magazines do they choose? Which articles do they read? What do they remember afterwards?
Posters
Display in a public area– Record time and
reactions of people– Ask them to recall what
they saw and liked and disliked
TV or Radio
What do they remember?
Did they want to watch/listen to the whole thing?
What caught their attention?
What was the message?
Other Elements
Color Illustrations Audio Details
– Food– Ethnicity– Weight– setting
Data Collection Techniques
Central location intercept interviews Face to face interviews Focus groups Theater testing Comprehension
– FOG, SMOG – Reading level