Mesopotamia unit terms
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Transcript of Mesopotamia unit terms
Mesopotamia-”The Land Between the Rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
In the Middle East-near present day Iraq
Its settlers were herders from the grasslands of the Arabian Peninsula and the highlands of Turkey.
1st known to control their environment(irrigation)-put holes in levees to get water to crops…Canals were dug to get greater amounts farther distances
Crops
#1- BarleyAlso, vegetables, fruits, flax,
sesame, dates
City Life
Ur- City State built by Sumerians from Sumer
Walls made of mud and crushed reeds for protection from enemies
Center of city life was the temple
With many people, they had to make laws
Mesopotamia Unit TermsCivilization-society w/ a
developed knowledge of farming, trade, government, art, and science
Mesopotamia Unit TermsCulture- way of life
Mesopotamia Unit TermsArtisans-skilled workers
Mesopotamia Unit TermsEmpire-lands ruled by an
emperor
Mesopotamia Unit Terms
Ziggurat-Mesopota-mian temple
Mesopotamia Unit TermsCity-state- a city that is
also an independent nation
Mesopotamia Unit TermsIrrigate-to supply dry land
w/water
Mesopotamia Unit Terms
Cuneiform-Sumerian wedge-shaped writing
Mesopotamia Unit Terms
Scribe-Sumerian writer
Sumerian Cities
They were city-statesMade up of cities
w/farmland around it
Sumerian Cities
Religion was the center of Sumerian life.They believed in 3000 gods. Most of these were involving nature.
Sumerian Learning
Only rich boys went to school.
Writing (cuneiform) was done w/reeds on clay tablets
Men and Women
Women could buy and sell property and slaves
Men and Women
Men were heads of the house. They could divorce for no reason or even sell their wives and children for up to 3 years. Men arranged marriages for children.
Children
Their job was to OBEY both parents and older siblings, as well as the priest.
Priests/Kings
Priests were usually kings of city-states
Priests/Kings
About 3000 B.C. military leaders began being kings instead.
Priests/Kings
After that, kingship was hereditary.
2400 B.C.-Sumer’s glory fadesSargon I created the
world’s first empire by defeating Sumerian city-states.
2400 B.C.-Sumer’s glory fadesAfter Sargon I died,
Hammurabi, King of Babylon and the Amorite people conquered the area all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.
Hammurabi’s Reforms
Improved irrigationBabylonian godsTax systemGov’t housingCODE OF LAWS
Hammurabi’s Code
Innocent until proven guilty
Hammurabi’s Code
Punishments- fines to death; no prisons
Hammurabi’s Code
Upper class more severely punished
Mesopotamian Contributions
“Cradle of Civilization”
Mesopotamian Contributions
1st written laws
Mesopotamian Contributions
Wheel
Mesopotamian Contributions
Plow
Mesopotamian Contributions
Sailboat
Mesopotamian Contributions
12-month calendar based on astronomy
Mesopotamian Contributions
Number system based on 60-led to the clock