Mesa A Hub: Warramboo Troglobitic Fauna Assessment · 2018-12-10 · fauna assessment to inform the...

Mesa A Hub:

Warramboo Troglobitic

Fauna Assessment

Prepared for Rio Tinto

July 2017

Warramboo Troglofauna Assessment

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© Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 2017 ABN 49 092 687 119

Level 1, 228 Carr Place Leederville Western Australia 6007

Ph: (08) 9328 1900 Fax: (08) 9328 6138 Job No.: 1080 Prepared by: Jason Alexander Document Quality Checking History

Version: Rev A Peer review: Sylvie Schmidt Version: Rev 0 Director review: Garth Humphreys Version: Rev 0 Format review: Fiona Hedley

Approved for issue: Garth Humphreys

This document has been prepared to the requirements of the client identified on the cover page and no representation is made to any third party. It may be cited for the purposes of scientific

research or other fair use, but it may not be reproduced or distributed to any third party by any physical or electronic means without the express permission of the client for whom it was prepared

or Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd.

This report has been designed for double-sided printing. Hard copies supplied by Biota are printed on recycled paper.




Contents

1.0 Project Summary 9

2.0 Executive Summary 11

3.0 Introduction 133.1 Study Objectives and Scope 133.2 Purpose of this Report 133.3 Background on Subterranean Fauna 153.4 Terminology 16

4.0 Methodology 174.1 Desktop Review and Database Searches 174.2 Habitat Characterisation 174.3 Sampling Methodology 184.4 Molecular Analysis 204.5 Categories of Conservation Significance 204.6 Survey Design 214.7 Limitations 25

5.0 Results 275.1 Study Area Habitat Characterisation 275.2 Desktop Review Results 355.3 Survey Results 43

6.0 Discussion 556.1 Recorded Troglobites Excluded from Assessment 556.2 Conservation Significance 556.3 Habitat Suitability 596.4 Conclusions 62

7.0 Glossary 63

8.0 References 65

Appendix 1Licence to take Fauna for Scientific Purposes (licence: SF010296)

Appendix 2Raw Sampling Data

Appendix 3Desktop Review: Troglobitic Fauna Species Lists and Conservation Significance

Appendix 4Helix Molecular Solutions:

Genetic Analysis Reports

Appendix 5WAM Short-Range Endemic Categories Summary



Appendix 6Desktop Review: Previous Studies and Comparison

Tables

Table 1.1: Summary of project specifications and limitations. 9Table 4.1: Summary and location of database searches completed for the

current scope 17Table 4.2: Conservation classification used within this report. 20Table 4.3: Summary of field mobilisations completed for the Warramboo

Troglofauna survey area. 21Table 4.4: Name, location and sampling information of drill holes sampled

for troglofauna within the Warramboo survey area. 22Table 5.1: Surface geology of the Warramboo troglofauna study area and

potential for occurrence of subterranean fauna. 27Table 5.2: Prospectivity of the geological units within the study area to

provide troglofauna habitat. 33Table 5.3: Description of PECs overlapping the study area. 35Table 5.4: Summary of previous surveys completed within the survey area

and surrounds. 38Table 5.5: Taxa and abundance (n) of troglofauna recorded from the

desktop review. 40Table 5.6: Order-level identifications and sequencing summary from the

Warramboo survey area. 43Table 5.7: Results of Pseudoscorpiones molecular analysis and

corresponding species determinations. 43Table 5.8: Results of Schizomida analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 46Table 5.9: Results of Scolopendromorpha analysis and corresponding

species determinations. 47Table 5.10: Results of Polydesmida analysis and corresponding species

determinations from the Warramboo survey area. 48Table 5.11: Results of Diplura analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 49Table 5.12: Results of Coleoptera analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 49Table 5.13: Interspecific variation of Coleoptera from both phases of

sampling, in relation to reference species. 50Table 5.14: Results of Thysaura analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 51Table 5.15: Results of Symphyla analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 51Table 5.16: Results of Isopoda analysis and corresponding species

determinations. 53Table 5.17: Interspecific variation of Isopoda from both phases of sampling, in

relation to reference species. 53Table 6.1: Summary of species recorded from the Warramboo survey area,

including their conservation status and distribution. (Coordinates in GDA94, Zone 50; A summary of the WAM SRE categories is located in Appendix 5). 56

Table 6.2: Overall habitat suitability of the study area 58



Figures

Figure 3.1: Location of the Warramboo survey area and study area in relation to the existing Mesa A/Warramboo mining operations. 14

Figure 4.1: Climate and weather graph depicting long-term and monthly averages for the year preceding the final field mobilisation. 22

Figure 4.2: Location of drill holes sampled for troglofauna within the Warramboo survey area and previously sampled sites within the study area. 24

Figure 5.1: Drill holes sampled and surface geology of the Warramboo study area (see Table 5.1 for geology codes). 29

Figure 5.2: Conceptual cross section of the Robe Pisolite within the study area (Above) and from the Warramboo survey area (Below) 31

Figure 5.3: Modelled Robe Pisolite contours and thickness above water table within the Warramboo study (data supplied by Rio Tinto). 32

Figure 5.4: Prospective habitat within the Warramboo survey and study areas in relation to sampling locations. 34

Figure 5.5: Location of buffered PECs relevant to the current study area. 36Figure 5.6: Summary of previous study locations in relation to the current

scope. 39Figure 5.7: Location of desktop review troglofauna sampling locations and

records from the Warramboo study area. 42Figure 5.8: Locations of specimen collections from the Warramboo

troglofauna survey area during the current survey. 44Figure 5.9: Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the pseudoscorpion

family Hyiidae collected from the Warramboo survey area. 45Figure 5.10:Excerpt from Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the

pseudoscorpion family Chthoniidae collected from the survey area. 46

Figure 5.11:Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Schizomida collected from the survey area. 47

Figure 5.12:Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Scolopendromorpha collected from the survey area. 48

Figure 5.13:Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Diplopoda collected from the Warramboo survey area. 49

Figure 5.14:Subsection of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Coleoptera collected from the survey area. 50

Figure 5.15:Excerpt of Bayesian analysis of 12s haplotypes of the order Thysanura collected from the Warramboo survey area. 51

Figure 5.16:Excerpt of Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Symphyla collected from the Warramboo survey area. 52

Figure 5.17:Excerpt of the Helix Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the isopod family Armadillidae collected from the survey area. 52

Figure 6.1: Species (current and previous records) of conservation significance or potential conservation significance in relation to habitat suitability. 60



Plates

Plate 5.1: Representative photos of drill log cores from Robe Pisolite geologies HTP from site DD14WMB0001 (A); and TPH, from site WARDC0024 (B). 30

Plate 5.2: Dorsal view of Schizomida species Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ (T138500, from drill hole MEARC3790), collected from the survey area. 47



1.0 Project Summary In accordance with the Rio Tinto scope of work, Table 1.1 presents a summary of survey and project information.

Table 1.1: Summary of project specifications and limitations.

Project Name Mesa A Hub: Warramboo Troglofauna Assessment

Level of Survey Level 2 troglofauna survey

Location Approximately 45 km west of Pannawonica township

Survey Area Size 62.32 km2

Survey Timing Surveys completed between June – October 2015

Relevant Regulatory Guidance Documents and Applicable Legislation

• EPA Statement of Environmental Principles, Factors and Objectives (EPA 2016a);

• Environmental Factor Guideline – Subterranean Fauna (EPA 2016b); • Technical Guidance - Subterranean fauna survey (EPA 2016c); and • Technical Guidance - Sampling methods for subterranean fauna (EPA

2016d).

Key Survey Limitations • Presence of bias in availability of drill holes, as sampling tends to not extend far beyond the footprint of the target ore body and is focussed on particular rock types.

• Lack of adequate taxonomic framework and specialist expertise. • Higher than usual failure rates for the groups Diplura, Polydesmida and

Isopoda during genetic analysis, due to tissue degradation and size of specimens.

• Reconciling historic specimens with recent collections was dependent on the age of, and access to, historical specimens. Sequencing success deteriorates significantly with specimen age.



2.0 Executive Summary Rio Tinto is evaluating the development of the Mesa A Hub, located within the western portion of the Robe Valley in the Pilbara Region, Western Australia. The Mesa A Hub encompasses multiple project areas, including the further development of the Warramboo deposit, which has the potential to impact subterranean fauna communities (both troglobitic and stygobitic fauna) that are known to be prevalent within the Robe Valley. Rio Tinto commissioned Biota Environmental Sciences (Biota) to complete a level 2 troglobitic fauna assessment to inform the evaluation of these potential impacts, which comprised two phases of sampling as well as a desktop review collating previous records from the study area. For the purposes of this report the term ‘survey area’ refers to the Warramboo boundary inclusive of all current sample sites, whereas the ‘study area’ refers to the wider area encompassed by the desktop review (inclusive of the survey area). The study area was selected in liaison with Rio Tinto to encompass continuous submerged high prospectivity habitat extending from the survey area. The objective of this report is to provide the necessary inputs to inform an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of proposed mining activities within the survey area. The deposits of the Robe Valley are the remnants of palaeo channel deposits, generally forming mesa-like landforms. The adjacent or surrounding landforms have been removed by historical erosion. The Warramboo deposit is situated west of Mesa A and occurs below the ground level of the coastal plain. The desktop review confirmed that one Priority Ecological Community (PEC) recognised by the Department of Parks and Wildlife is present within the study and survey area, and a second PEC was identified by the desktop review from the study area. These are, respectively:

• Subterranean invertebrate community of pisolitic hills in the Pilbara; and

• Subterranean invertebrate communities of mesas in the Robe Valley region. For the purposes of this report, the geology of the study area was divided into high (Robe Pisolite over 5 m thickness), medium (Colluvium and Robe Pisolite <5 m thickness) and low (all remaining geological units) habitat prospectivity. Habitats of high prospectivity accounted for 37.3% of the study area by area, with medium accounting for an additional 33%. Approximately 80% of the study area therefore represents potential troglofauna habitat, with the main geological units of relevance having also been recognised by the EPA as potential troglofauna habitat during past assessments. Sampling for troglofauna has previously been conducted within the study area as part of past surveys. Since 2004, 10 targeted troglobitic fauna surveys have been conducted. Western Australian Museum, Biota, NatureMap and Atlas of Living Australia databases were all queried as part of the desktop review to collate the existing records from these surveys. The desktop review yielded a total of 168 troglofauna specimens from 46 taxa recorded between 2004 and 2014. Fourteen taxa were unable to be identified to species level, and as such are not considered within this assessment. Polyxenida sp. Indet. dominated the previously documented fauna assemblage, but this taxon has since been determined as Lophoturus madecassus and is not a Short-range Endemic (SRE). Troglobitic fauna sampling was completed under “Licence to Take Fauna for Scientific Purposes” No. SF010296, and consistent with methodologies in EPA Guidance and guidelines. Sampling was completed using baited colonisation trap deployment, supplemented by drill hole scraping. Two phases of troglofauna sampling were conducted within the study area between June and October 2015 with 33 drill holes sampled. In total, 128 troglofauna traps were installed, with the



same sites utilised during both phases. Scraping was completed at eight drill holes prior to installation of Phase 1 troglofauna habitat traps. While no major rainfall events occurred during the sampling periods, almost 250 mm of rain fell in the three months prior to sampling. Past observations suggest this approximate timing after significant rainfall creates suitable conditions in subterranean habitats for troglofauna sampling. Collected specimens were separated out into morphotypes and preserved in 100% ethanol, which allows for both morphological and molecular analyses. The majority of collected specimens were sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (CO1), with Thysanura specimens sequenced using the mitochondrial gene 12S. The conservation significance of the species recorded was categorised as conservation significant species (those formally listed as specially protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or identified as Priority taxa by the Department of Parks and Wildlife), SRE species, potential SRE species and non-SRE species. A total of 43 specimens were collected from the Warramboo survey area during the current survey, comprising 32 from Phase 1 and 11 from Phase 2. All 43 specimens were sequenced, which determined that 18 species were present representing nine orders. Thirteen of these species are previously unrecorded and 10 from the current study were recorded from single drill holes only or were singleton records. Based on the desktop review, three species of conservation significance were previously recorded from study area, Paradraculoides anachoretus (order Schizomida), Ideoblothrus linnaei and Ideoblothrus sp. ‘Mesa A’ (both of the order Pseudoscorpiones). Paradraculoides anachoretus is listed as Schedule 3 at State level, while both pseudoscorpion species are listed as Priority 1. Management and monitoring measures for impacts on these species arising from the existing Mesa A/Warramboo operations is covered under the approved Mesa A Troglofauna Management Plan. On the basis of the consolidated data set (rationalising both the desktop review and recent sampling), thirteen species from the survey area were classified as being potential SRE species. Overall these species were poorly collected and are considered data deficient, with nine of the species representing singleton collections, and a further three species with more individuals but all collected from single site locations. Single site distribution locations are very unlikely to represent the true distribution of these species, however, and this result is likely an artefact of sampling effects and population density in the locality. Within the study area 29.8 km2 represents confirmed troglofauna habitat, with over 57% of the confirmed habitat within that being of high prospectivity. Overall 87% of the records of conservation significant and potential SRE species were recorded from within areas of high habitat prospectivity, supporting the habitat categorisation. While inferred high-suitability habitat also extends southwest of the current survey area, collection results appear to differ between the survey area and previous collections south of the survey area. No species of conservation significance, or of potential conservation significance as SREs, that have been recorded from within the survey area are currently known from the inferred continuation of the prospective habitat southwest of the survey area. One strongly troglobitic order, Schizomida, which is well represented in the survey area, is currently unrepresented from the wider study area. While there are no known faults or other structural features in the geology known to potentially isolate this south-western inferred portion of the study area, this may indicate a discontinuity in the habitat or change in extent of deeper and more complex subterranean habitats that may be utilised by more strongly obligate taxa. It is also possible that these patterns may be explained by the influence of ecological sampling effects on past data sets, particularly the effect of rainfall. Specifically-designed sampling within the wider Warramboo study area would be necessary to further inform if the differences in fauna occurrence are an artefact of sampling conditions or due to other factors such as changes in subterranean habitat.



3.0 Introduction Rio Tinto is currently evaluating the development of a number of iron ore deposits within the Robe Valley, located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. One such prospective development, the Mesa A Hub, is located within the western portion of the Robe Valley, approximately 45 km west of Pannawonica. The Mesa A Hub encompasses multiple project areas including Warramboo (Figure 3.1).

Mining of the Warramboo deposit is currently approved (EPA 2007a), with the Mesa A Hub proposal entailing both above and below water table expansion to the current above water table operations. This has the potential to impact subterranean fauna communities (both troglobitic and stygobitic fauna) that are known to be prevalent within the Robe Valley. To inform the assessment of these impacts, Rio Tinto wishes to increase knowledge of these communities by collating existing data, determining knowledge gaps and completing additional phases of sampling. Rio Tinto commissioned Biota Environmental Sciences (Biota) to complete the required troglobitic fauna assessment, which comprised two phases of sampling as well as a desktop review collating previous records from the study area.

3.1 Study Objectives and Scope

The scope of this study was to undertake an assessment of troglobitic fauna and troglofauna habitat suitability within the Warramboo study area (approximately 323.5 km2). The key objectives of this study were as follows:

1. conduct a desktop review of relevant data available from the survey area and study areas (Section 5.2);

2. conduct a two-phase sampling programme to document the troglofauna assemblage within the study area (Section 5.3); and

3. place the recorded fauna into a regional context and discuss potential conservation significance (6.2).

The study was planned and implemented as far as practicable in accordance with the following:

• EPA Statement of Environmental Principles, Factors and Objectives (EPA 2016a);

• Environmental Factor Guideline – Subterranean Fauna (EPA 2016b);

• Technical Guidance - Subterranean fauna survey (EPA 2016c); and

• Technical Guidance - Sampling methods for subterranean fauna (EPA 2016d).

3.2 Purpose of this Report

The purpose of this report is to inform an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of proposed mining activities within the survey area as part of the Mesa A Hub proposal. This report presents the findings of the desktop review, and documents the methodology, sampling effort and results of the two-phase troglobitic fauna sampling. Both the field sampling and report are subject to specific limitations that are discussed in Section 4.7.



Figure 3.1: Location of the Warramboo survey area and study area in relation to the existing Mesa A/Warramboo mining operations.



3.3 Background on Subterranean Fauna

Until recently, Australia was thought to lack habitat suitable for subterranean fauna. However, recent research (mostly with an emphasis on impact assessment) has revealed Australia to be highly diverse in subterranean fauna, with numerous areas of interest throughout the continent (Guzik et al. 2010). In Western Australia these zones of subterranean biodiversity can be found at Cape Range, Barrow Island, the Pilbara bioregion, the Yilgarn and the Nullarbor (Humphreys 2001, Page et al. 2008, Guzik et al. 2010). Relatively recent surveys in the Pilbara have collected subterranean fauna from a range of geological units such as pisolitic iron formations, channel iron deposits, unconsolidated alluvium and sedimentary basalt (Marmonier et al. 1993, Biota 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011a, 2013a). This indicates that the suitability of a formation as habitat for subterranean fauna is mostly a function of the availability of habitable space (Marmonier et al. 1993, Humphreys 1999, Biota 2006), rather than a specific geological unit. Subterranean fauna habitats are characterised by shared physical parameters that include a lack of light, stable temperature, limited nutrient infiltration from surface environments and a constant humidity (Juberthie 2000, Romero 2009). These habitat characteristics have resulted in convergence in body morphology evolution amongst many subterranean fauna. Morphological characteristics common to most subterranean fauna include reduced or lack of pigmentation, reduced or lack of eyes, and elongate body morphology and appendages adapted for sensory movement (Culver and Pipan 2009, Romero 2009). Subterranean fauna can be categorised into two distinct ecological groups based on habitat: troglofauna and stygofauna. Troglofauna are a suite of fauna that survive only in air-filled cavities and interstices between the ground surface and the water table. Stygofauna comprise aquatic taxa occurring in groundwater aquifers and subterranean water bodies. Troglobites and stygobites are obligatory subterranean habitat dwellers, and while they may occur close to surface environments, are strongly adapted to subterranean environments. This makes such fauna unable or highly unlikely to survive surface conditions. A range of similarly adapted fauna known as troglophiles, trogloxenes and edaphobites also occur; these fauna use subterranean habitats opportunistically but are able to survive outside these stable environments. Studies from the Pilbara bioregion have demonstrated that these suites of fauna are not similarly restricted in range and are therefore unlikely to be impacted by small-scale developments (Biota and Helix 2012, Helix 2012). Troglofauna in semi-arid Australia are thought to be relictual rainforest fauna; fauna adapted to humid environments, which retreated underground to cave systems during the aridification of Australia (in the late Miocene; Humphreys 1993). This is inferred from affinities of the taxonomic groups represented amongst the troglofauna with other extant taxa in tropical climates. Some invertebrate groups with troglobitic representatives include the Arachnida (e.g. Schizomida, Pseudoscorpiones and Araneae), Chilopoda (e.g. Scolopendrida), Diplopoda (e.g. Polydesmida and Haplodesmida), and Insecta (e.g. Diplura, Thysanura, Coleoptera and Blattodea). A single troglobitic vertebrate species of blind snake (Anilios longissimus) is known from Australia, collected from Barrow Island and Cape Range (Aplin 1998, Humphreys et al. 2013). Due to their dependence on constant humidity, the dispersal and distribution of troglobitic fauna species tends to remain limited to individual blocks of inter-connected habitat, leading to long periods of population isolation and speciation. As a result, troglobitic fauna are considered to be of conservation significance, given that species often display extreme short-range endemism and may therefore be affected by relatively small-scale developments such as mining and construction.



3.4 Terminology

For the purpose of this report, the following terms are used as defined below:

Study area – Refers to the overall area encompassing the deposit and the area included in the desktop review (Figure 3.1).

Survey area – Refers to the area surveyed as part of the current Mesa A Hub Warramboo troglofauna assessment (Figure 3.1).

Survey – Refers to the two phases of sampling for the current scope of work.



4.0 Methodology

4.1 Desktop Review and Database Searches

4.1.1 Review of Previous Relevant Studies

A literature review was completed to identify relevant previous surveys from within the study area. This included searches of Biota’s library database, GoogleScholar1 and the EPA’s website, in addition to the identification of previous surveys via database specimen records (Section 4.1.2). Reports and data supplied by Rio Tinto were also collated with the results of the literature search and reviewed.

4.1.2 Database Searches

The following databases were searched to assist with compilation of a list of potential species for the study area:

1. NatureMap: a collaboration between the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum (WAM). This database represents the most comprehensive source of information on the distribution of Western Australia's fauna, comprising records from the Fauna Survey Returns database and WA Threatened Fauna Database (both maintained by the Department of Parks and Wildlife) and the WAM Specimen Database.

2. Atlas of Living Australia (ALA): a collaborative project between academic collecting institutions, private individual collectors and community groups. The atlas contains occurrence records, environmental data, images and the conservation status of species throughout Australia.

3. WAM‘s Arachnid, Myriapod and Crustacea database.

4. Biota Internal Database: This database includes all of the subterranean fauna data collected by Biota within Western Australia

Details of database searches conducted are summarised in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Summary and location of database searches completed for the current scope

Database Date Search Target Bounding Coordinates Easting (m E) Northing (m N) Biota, NatureMap and ALA 09/01/17 Troglofauna (All orders) 375570 7598200 384140 7607700 WAM 11/11/15 Crustacea and Arachnida 393957 7607800 376398 7599100 TECs and PECs 09/01/17 TECs and PECs 333000 7548000 752000 7649000 Environmentally 24/11/16 Environmentally sensitive 333000 7548000 Sensitive areas areas 752000 7649000

4.2 Habitat Characterisation

The likely habitats for troglobitic fauna in the study area were initially characterised using a combination of regional information and site-specific geological data. Inputs considered in this analysis, where available, included:

1. the spatial extent of the study area in order to define the geological units that may be affected;

2. regional surface geology mapping;

1 https://scholar.google.co.uk



3. mapping of thickness above water table of prospective geological units;

4. hydrological and hydrogeological information;

5. stratigraphic logging, images and information from drillholes in the study area;

6. previous sampling effort in the locality and the results of published and unpublished studies on troglobitic fauna (Section 4.1); and

7. identification of rock types that have previously yielded troglobitic fauna records from the study area and wider locality (Section 4.1), including reviewing studies that have investigated the nature of troglofauna habitat specific to the Robe Valley (e.g. Biota and Blandford 2013).

The habitat units identified through this process were assigned a prospectivity to support troglofauna based on the above inputs, and then revisited on completion of the sampling component of this study, to further investigate if the spatial distribution of the fauna records provide support for the habitat model. We have categorised the prospectivity of the geological units within the study area as Low, Moderate and High prospectivity for troglofauna, based on the following characteristics:

A) Presence of mesocaverns, vugs and interstitial spaces.

B) Known hydration, weathering or significant cavity zones.

C) Presence of clay lenses or impeding layers to maintain stable humidity.

D) The known occurrence of troglofaunal communities from equivalent rock types during past Pilbara surveys.

E) Occurs above water table within the survey area. Habitat prospectivity categories were then assigned as follows:

Low – Suitable geology only occurs below water table in the survey area. Rock type may have B), C) and E) characteristics but locally lacking suitable habitat space. Troglofauna not known from previous studies sampling of the same geology.

Medium – Suitable geology likely or known to occur above the water table in the survey area (E). Geology known to have interstices or vugs (A) and troglofauna have occasionally been detected in similar rock types previously (D). Geology may be subject to seasonal inundation (e.g. alluvium and colluvium). Where known, units of high prospectivity were categorised as medium if less than 5 m in thickness.

High – Majority (four or five) categories confirmed for the geological unit, including E). Troglofauna routinely recorded from same rock type (D).

Habitat suitability was visualised by plotting troglofauna collections within the mapped prospectivity categories, using a 500 m buffer as a conservative extent for singleton records. This allows definition of areas of highly prospective habitat and confirmed troglofauna records from those without confirmed records but that are likely to be highly prospective based on geological knowledge. Species determined to be widespread were excluded from this analysis. All area within these buffer zones is confirmed habitat, while the area outside is inferred.

4.3 Sampling Methodology

Troglobitic fauna sampling was completed under “Licence to Take Fauna for Scientific Purposes” No. SF010296 issued to Jason Alexander (Appendix 1). Methodology and approach were consistent with those outlined in EPA Technical Guidance; Sampling Methods for Subterranean Fauna (EPA 2016e) and Technical Guidance; Subterranean Fauna Survey (EPA 2016c). Similar methodologies have been used in previous Robe Valley subterranean fauna assessments (Biota 2006, 2009a, 2011b).



4.3.1 Troglofauna Sampling

Troglobitic fauna were sampled using two methods, deployment of baited colonisation traps and drill hole scraping. 4.3.1.1 Colonisation Trapping

Custom-built litter colonisation traps were suspended at intervals within drill holes located within the study area. Traps were constructed from 60 mm internal diameter PVC irrigation pipe cut to a length of 180 mm. Each trap had a series of 20 mm holes drilled into the side, and traps remained open at the upper end. Up to three traps were installed such that they were in contact with the wall of the sampled drill hole, facilitating fauna entry into the trap. Number of traps installed varied depending on depth of the sites and presence and depth of groundwater. Leaf litter was gathered locally from the ground surface in the study area, particularly from the bases of Acacia shrubs. The collected litter was soaked in water and irradiated in a microwave oven for two minutes on maximum power setting. The microwave acted to kill any invertebrates present and assisted in the breaking down of organic matter. Wet litter was added to the traps, which were kept in sealed containers until immediately prior to insertion into the drill hole to avoid desiccation of leaf litter. After the installation of traps, the opening of each drill hole was sealed to maintain humidity and to avoid entry of surface fauna. Traps were recovered from each drill hole after seven weeks and stored in labelled zip lock bags to prevent desiccation of potential troglofauna specimens during transportation to Perth. Fauna specimens were recovered from the traps using specially designed Tullgren funnel units. Leaf litter from each trap was placed in a sieve under an aluminium lamp containing a 25-watt globe. This created a temperature of approximately 30°C at the surface of the leaf litter. A funnel below the leaf litter collected the fauna as they fell through the sieve, directing them into an attached vial of 100% ethanol. Leaf litter was left in the Tullgren funnels for a period of 24 hours, or until dry, after which time the bulked invertebrate sample was removed. 4.3.1.2 Troglofauna Scraping

Troglofauna were also sampled by using reinforced stygofauna haul nets. These nets were constructed from 70 µm plankton mesh and had 100 mm apertures attached to a weighted catch jar. Troglofauna scraping was completed prior to the installation of troglofauna colonisation traps on the first phase. A net of suitable size was lowered to the bottom of each drill hole before being slowly hauled to the surface whilst scraping the wall of the drill hole, dislodging any fauna on the wall. Each drill hole was scraped a minimum of four times, to ensure the interior surface of the drill hole was adequately covered. On completion, fauna specimens were individually preserved in 100% ethanol. The contents of the net, which included dry soil and root matter, were emptied into a container which was then filled with 100% ethanol to preserve any specimens that may have been in the soil and root matter for subsequent sorting in the field laboratory.

4.3.2 Data Management

Preliminary identification of subterranean fauna involved identification of specimens to order level, where possible, or separation of specimens into distinct morphotypes. Sorting was completed in Perth using dissecting microscopes (Olympus SZ40 and SZ61, magnification up to 40x). Morphotypes were then assigned a unique number based on drill hole name, date and method of collection. Specimens were preserved in 100% ethanol once separated out into morphotypes, which allows for both morphological and molecular analyses. Formal morphological taxonomic assessment by external experts was not completed as a part of this study and remains a limitation.



4.4 Molecular Analysis

Molecular analysis of troglofauna groups was conducted to inform determinations of the number of species present, and compare the results with those obtained during previous surveys in the Robe Valley and wider Pilbara region. Yvette Hitchen of Helix Molecular Solutions (Helix) completed the molecular sequencing. Most specimens were sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (CO1; Appendix 5). Thysanura specimens were sequenced using mitochondrial gene 12S, as this gene has previously proved more effective at successfully yielding sequences from Pilbara Thysanura specimens, and therefore has superior reference data for comparison. Dr Terrie Finston and Dr Oliver Berry (both of Helix) provided analysis and interpretation of the molecular data (Appendix 5). The molecular analysis used was a preliminary neighbour-joining approach using representative sequences from regional context data sets, followed by a phylogenetic analysis using the sequence data from this study (Appendix 5). This resulted in specimens from the current survey being placed into genetic lineages, which also included specimens from collections elsewhere in the region. Determination of putative species was then inferred from these genetic lineages based on the level of divergence between lineages of the same group (such as order or family), giving consideration to the relative variation within each lineage. It should be noted that detailed morphological analysis was not completed for most specimens and the phylogenetic analysis was based on sequence data from a single gene. Therefore, all species arrived at by this approach should be considered putative unless previously described and fully determined by taxonomic specialists. Lineages with a divergence of less than 4.0% were considered a single species, whereas lineages with a divergence greater than 6.0% were considered separate distinct species for the purpose of this report, unless advised otherwise by Helix based on other data for the relevant taxonomic group. Lineages with intermediate divergences ranging from 4.0–6.0% were resolved to a preliminary level for the purposes of this report, with further input from Helix, and consideration to collection proximity, habitat characteristics and geology.

4.5 Categories of Conservation Significance

For the purpose of this report, the conservation significance of the fauna collected during this study, or records collated during the desktop review, was categorised as per Table 4.2

Table 4.2: Conservation classification used within this report.

Category Description

Conservation Significant species

Species listed as Priority, Schedule or Vulnerable at State or Federal levels

Confirmed Short-range endemic (SRE) Species *

Species where sufficient taxonomic expertise is available, and with adequate representation in WAM collections or genetic databases, that are known to be limited in distribution based on the geological characteristics

Potential SRE species * Species where there is insufficient taxonomic knowledge or too limited a number of collections to determine SRE status. Habitat, morphology, molecular or taxonomic data deficient, but belonging to groups that may display short-range endemism.

Widespread (not an SRE) species *

Well-collected species, that are typically taxonomically well resolved. Species are not confined by geological barriers.

* Category based on WAM SRE guidelines (WAM 2014)



4.6 Survey Design

4.6.1 Survey Timing and Personnel

After a site and ground-truthing reconnaissance field mobilisation in April 2015, two phases of troglofauna sampling were conducted at Warramboo between June and October 2015 (Table 4.3).

Table 4.3: Summary of field mobilisations completed for the Warramboo Troglofauna survey area.

Dates Personnel Purpose Phase 23rd – 28th April, 2015 Jason Alexander,

Michael Delaney Field reconnaissance and ground-truthing

-

3rd – 7th June, 2015 Jason Alexander, Penny Brooshooft

Troglofauna scraping, installation of troglofauna traps

1

6th – 8th August, 2015 Jason Alexander, Michael Delaney

Troglofauna trap recovery 1 Installation of troglofauna traps 2

29th September – 2nd October, 2015

Jason Alexander, Penny Brooshooft

Troglofauna trap recovery 2

This study was managed by Jason Alexander, with Garth Humphreys, of Biota, providing directional input. Preliminary sorting of collected subterranean fauna was completed by Jason Alexander, Jacinta King, Andrew Sheppard, Tim Sachse, Chris Cole, Penny Brooshooft, Jenna Hyatt and Danielle Rayner, all of Biota.

4.6.2 Weather

Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from Mesa J mining operations approximately 42km east of the survey area. Long-term climatological reference data (rainfall data from 1971 – 2014, temperature data from 1971 – 2005) were obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather station at Pannawonica (station number 5069, approximately 51 km east of Warramboo.

Sampling occurred between June and September 2015. While no major rainfall events occurred during the sampling periods, almost 250 mm of rain fell in the three months prior to sampling. Past observations (e.g. Biota 2006) suggest this approximate timing after significant rainfall creates suitable conditions in subterranean habitats for troglofauna sampling. This is supported by collection numbers of target fauna in Phase 1 versus Phase 2 (see Section 5.3).



Figure 4.1: Climate and weather graph depicting long-term and monthly averages for the year preceding the final field mobilisation. Long-term temperature data 1971-2005, rainfall data 1971-2014; arrows indicate field mobilisation timing: Arrow 1: Phase 1 installation and troglofauna scrape; Arrow 2: Phase 1 recovery and Phase 2 installation; Arrow 3: Phase 2 trap recovery.

4.6.3 Sampling Effort

A total of 33 drill holes were sampled within the survey area, which involved the installation of 128 troglofauna traps (Table 4.4, Figure 4.2). Troglofauna sampling drill holes were selected from a list of available sites to provide spatial coverage of the target CID and surrounding geologies. The same drill holes were sampled during both phases. Scraping was completed at eight drill holes prior to installation of troglofauna habitat traps.

Table 4.4: Name, location and sampling information of drill holes sampled for troglofauna within the Warramboo survey area.

Drill hole Easting Northing Traps Installed Troglofauna

Name (m E) (m N) Phase 1 Phase 2 Scrape

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 2 2

MEARC3500 378199 7605666 2 2

MEARC3790 379796 7605620 2 2 Yes

MEARC3811 379911 7605220 1 1

MEARC3814 379907 7605517 1 1 Yes

MEARC4259 382940 7602963 3 2

MEARC4273 382991 7602721 2 2

MEARC4383 381850 7602435 3 2

MEARC4400 379855 7602466 1 1

MEARC4795 376177 7604750 2 2

MEARC4802 376200 7604053 1 1 Yes

MEARC4923 379140 7606042 2 2 Yes

MEARC4958 379603 7607061 2 2

MEARC4969 379894 7607277 2 2 Yes

MEARC5015 382457 7602157 2 2

1

2 3



Drill hole Easting Northing Traps Installed Troglofauna

Name (m E) (m N) Phase 1 Phase 2 Scrape

MEARC5017 382839 7602671 3 2

MEARC5038 381871 7601743 3 2

MEARC5053 381294 7601122 3 2

MEARC5069 380694 7601100 3 2 Yes

MEARC5078 381271 7601911 2 2 Yes

MEARC5091 381653 7602525 3 2

MEARC5093 381642 7602922 3 2 Yes

MEARC5098 381446 7602720 1 1

MEARCUNK01 377526 7604742 2 2

RC12TOB0026 378980 7599942 3 2

RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 1 1

RC13TOB0013 379157 7599709 2 2

TOBRC0009 380913 7600605 3 2

TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 2 2

TOBRC0023 379345 7599952 1 1

TOBRC0027 379515 7600362 3 2

TOBRC0028 379730 7600160 3 2

Total number of traps installed 70 58 -

Total number of drill holes sampled 33 33 8 Coordinates in zone 50, datum GDA94



Figure 4.2: Location of drill holes sampled for troglofauna within the Warramboo survey area and previously sampled sites within the study area.



4.7 Limitations

Several limitations apply to this study, some of which are common functions of working on subterranean fauna, rather than functions of this specific study. These limitations include:

1. Sampling for troglofauna in the Robe Valley and wider Pilbara region relies on the use of drill holes, which are almost always installed as part of exploration drilling and thus focus on geological units of economic importance. This creates a bias in availability of drill holes for troglofauna sampling, as sampling tends to not extend far beyond the footprint of the target ore body and is focussed on particular rock types. This places limitations on determining wider species distributions and whether there are potential barriers to dispersal. This bias is extended to mapping contained within this report, such as habitat suitability (Section 6.3).

2. For several of the faunal groups there is a lack of adequate taxonomic framework and specialist expertise, both within Australia and internationally. Using genetic analysis in place of morphological identification for the majority of specimens, somewhat alleviates this limitation in this study, however the usefulness of genetic analysis is in turn limited by the number of reference specimens available for some groups (especially the Chilopoda and Symphyla) and that a single gene only has been sequenced here (Section 4.4).

3. DNA extraction and amplification for genetic analysis for the groups Diplura, Polydesmida and Isopoda had higher than usual failure rates due to degradation of the genetic material and insufficient genetic material. Despite multiple attempts, no sequence was recorded from 16 specimens from these three groups (Section 5.3.1).

4. Our ability to reconcile historical specimens from the desktop review with specimens collected during this survey was dependent on the age of, and access to, historical specimens. Sequencing success deteriorates significantly with specimen age and the available existing specimens were often unable to be sequenced as reference specimens (see point 3 above).

5. Conservation significance could not be assigned to taxa that could not be identified to species level (such as Diplura sp. Indet. or Trinemura sp. Indet.) as these specimens may corresponds to taxa already known from elsewhere or may represent species complexes.

6. Habitat suitability was plotted using all conservation significant and potential SRE species. While many of these species are currently classified as such due to singleton records, additional taxonomic work may determine they have widespread distributions. This inclusion may skew habitat suitability and result in greater numbers and potential collections from low habitat prospectivity.

Despite these limitations, the study provides an assessment that meets current EPA guidance (Section 3.1) and is adequate to inform the forthcoming EIA for the Mesa A Hub proposal.



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5.0 Results

5.1 Study Area Habitat Characterisation

Core habitat for subterranean fauna is primarily a function of available space, ability to maintain a constantly high humidity (for troglofauna) and the potential for nutrient input from surface systems (Humphreys 1991, Wilkens et al. 2000, Biota and DC Blandford & Associates 2013).

The following sections provide an initial description of the physical aspects relevant to the subterranean fauna communities pertinent to the current scope. Section 6.3 revisits this preliminary habitat characterisation and relates this to records of troglobitic fauna obtained from this study.

5.1.1 Geology of the Study Area

The Channel Iron Deposits (CID) of the Robe Valley are the remnants of paleo channel deposits, generally forming variable mesa-like landforms. The adjacent landforms have been removed by historical erosion processes to expose the CID rock as the basal unit of the younger mesa landscape (DC Blandford & Associates 2009). Robe Pisolite (which comprises the CID) forms the erosion-resistant upper surface and structural benches of the mesas (Hocking and Van de Graaff 1987). The current Warramboo deposit is situated west of Mesa A. The current proposed extension is superficially an extension of both existing Warramboo and Mesa A deposits. The Warramboo CID predominantly dips below the coastal plain, representing the western end of the cuesta landform that includes Mesa A.

The geology at Warramboo is simple with no complex structures, faults or fractures. Warramboo deposit is channel fill within the paleo channel of the Robe River, which is incised into Cretaceous age rocks in the local area. The Robe Pisolite exists as thin sheets filling the paleo channel where erosion has not reached the total depth of the original river channel. Warramboo covers parts of this paleo channel, which is the continuation of the Robe Pisolite deposit in Mesa A. These tenements are located downstream from the currently exposed mesa deposits of the main Robe River paleo channel. The Warramboo study area comprises 11 surface geological units, with colluvium and lancustrine deposits comprising over 50% of the surface geology (Table 5.1, Figure 5.1). Robe Pisolite comprises 15.9% of the study area surface geology.

Table 5.1: Surface geology of the Warramboo troglofauna study area and potential for occurrence of subterranean fauna.

Age Code Description HectaresHectares(percentage of

study area)

Habitat Suitability Characteristics (Section 4.2)Characteristics

4.2)

Cainozoic Qg Colluvium: Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated slope deposits.

6,309.6 (19.5%)

A, D, E

Qi Lacustrine deposits: clay, silt; saline in part, flood deposits.

10,109.0 (31.3%)

C, E

Qp Eluvium: clay and sandy clay plain with gilgais; intermittent veneer of alluvium; residual deposits of sand, gravel, and pebbles. Unit predominantly above water table.

4,495.0 (13.9%)

C, E

Qpt Eluvium: lightly cemented, low slope deposits; shale and limestone fragments

1,299.2 (4.0%)

E

Tp Robe Pisolite: Pisolitic limonite deposits. Occurs along old river channels.

5,129.1 (15.9%)

A, B, C, D, E

Mesozoic Kn Conglomerate, arenite and siltstone with some fissile mudstone.

2,826.2 (8.7%)

E



Age Code Description HectaresHectares(percentage of

study area)

Habitat Suitability Characteristics (Section 4.2)Characteristics

4.2)

Kny Yarraloola Conglomerate: Poorly sorted conglomerate with shale, claystone lenses and interbedded sandstone.

769.8 (2.4%)

A, C, E

Precambrian Wa Ashburton: wacke, mudstone, ferruginous mudstone interbedded with sandstone and dolomite intruded by doleritic sills

532.6 (1.6%)

E

Proterozoic Ma Warramboo Sandstone: Interbedded massive and flaggy quartz sandstone and shale

812.0 (2.5%)

EE

Mk Kiangi Creek Formation: Quartz sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, dolomite, and minor conglomerate.

18.3 (0.1%)

E

Pg Granite Medium grained leucocratic granite

47.5 (0.1%)

E

Total 32,348.3



Figure 5.1: Drill holes sampled and surface geology of the Warramboo study area (see Table 5.1 for geology codes).



The target pisolite deposit is predominantly a flat lying lenses of mineralisation, which can be broken down into sub-categories in profile. This profile through the deposit is described in detail from top to bottom (data provided by Rio Tinto; Table 5.1, Figure 5.2), below:

• Hardcapped Tertiary Pisolite (HTP) - between 5 and 10 m thick and consists of massive and vitreous goethite. Contains many vugs and cavities (Plate 5.1).

• Tertiary Pisolite Hard (TPH) - is usually found at the base of the HTP unit and is of variable thickness up to 40m. Pisoliths are of variable diameter with a core of hematite or goethite, goethite cortices and a matrix of goethite (Plate 5.1).

• Tertiary Pisolite Mixed (TPM) - underlies TPH is a pervasively altered remnant of TPH. Alteration occurred as the reactive air/water interface moved through the Pisolite body during the process of topographic inversion. Cavities are more common than in TPH.

• Tertiary Pisolite Clay (TPC) - bands of predominantly clay rich material mixed throughout tertiary pisolite.

• Tertiary Pisolite Denatured (TPD) - Discrete, semi-continuous unit of enriched pisolite that ranges in thickness from 2 m to 8 m, but is typically 4 m or less.

• Tertiary Pisolite Basal (TPB) - consists of coarse pisolite, between 7 and 12 mm diameter in a white clay matrix. The basal pisolite is not always present and is rarely seen in outcrops. While variable within this unit, locally TPB is unlikely to contain cavities.

Below this CID stratigraphy lays the basement lithologies, which consist mostly of submerged rocks of the Ashburton Formation and the Boolgeeda Iron Formation of the Hamersley Group.

A)

B)

Plate 5.1: Representative photos of drill log cores from Robe Pisolite geologies HTP from site DD14WMB0001 (A); and TPH, from site WARDC0024 (B).

(Site locations displayed in Figure 5.1)



Figure 5.2: Conceptual cross section of the Robe Pisolite within the study area (Above) and from the

Warramboo survey area (Below)

(ALL – Represents alluvium; remaining codes as per Table 5.1)

(cross section location displayed in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.3).

The mapped CID robe pisolite extends southwest beyond the survey area before a sharp meander in the original river system in a north-westerly trend. The water table in that area lies variable between 9 – 24 m below ground level, meaning that at its thickest, this CID extension varyingly lays between 5 and 26 m thick above water table (Figure 5.3).

5.1.2 Habitat Prospectivity within the Study Area

The physical characteristics of geological units known to provide habitat for troglofauna include fractures, caverns, vugs, or interstices sufficient in size to accommodate troglobitic fauna (Section 4.2). Studies in the Pilbara region have previously found that geological units such as colluvium and pisolite (as occur at Warramboo; Table 5.1; Figure 5.1) are suitable troglofauna habitat, the latter particularly when weathered and hydrated (Biota 2006, 2014a, 2015a). In addition to habitat space for troglobites, these stratigraphic units are often associated with other lithologies with important hydrological functions for troglofauna habitat, such as impeding layers and clay lenses which store infiltrated water from recharge events, maintaining humidity in the system (Biota and DC Blandford & Associates 2013). The combination of these geological units provide for percolation of water and associated nutrients from surface habitats.



Figure 5.3: Modelled Robe Pisolite contours and thickness above water table within the Warramboo study (data supplied by Rio Tinto).



From the habitat suitability characteristics outlined in Table 5.1, two geological units were identified as prospective habitats (High and Medium habitat prospectivity; Figure 5.4) and eight identified as non-prospective habitats (Low habitat prospectivity; Table 5.2).

Table 5.2: Prospectivity of the geological units within the study area to provide troglofauna habitat.

Habitat Prospectivity

Geological Unit Proportion of study surface area (%)

High Robe Pisolite (Tp; >5m thickness (Figure 5.3)) 20.7

Medium Colluvium (Qg) Robe Pisolite (TP; <5m thickness (Figure 5.3))

43.6

Low Lacustrine deposits (Qi), Eluvium and Alluvium (Qp and Qpt), Conglomerate (Kn and Kny), Ashburton (Wa), Warramboo Sandstone (Ma), Kiangi Creek Formation (Mk), Granite (Pg)

35.7

* Variable within this geology but low habitat prospectivity within the study area locality (data supplied by Rio Tinto)

The remaining geological units within the survey area are characterised by few vugs or cavities in which troglofauna can occur or occur predominantly below the water table (submerged geology is excluded as potential habitat for troglofauna). Limited sampling has been completed to date in Kny, Wa and Ma geologies. While these geological units may be utilised by troglofauna opportunistically, their physical characteristics suggest it its unlikely they provide important habitat for troglofauna communities. The CID or Robe Pisolite geological unit is likely to be the primary habitat for troglobitic fauna, with potential for collection in adjacent colluvial units when in contact with the pisolite (Table 5.1). There are currently insufficient data and sampling effort from isolated colluvium deposits to determine if this geology provides a habitat without connection to core habitat units. Both Robe Pisolite and colluvium geological units are identified by the EPA as potential troglofauna habitat (EPA 2016d), with the Robe Pisolite unit at Warramboo also listed as a Priority 1 PEC (“Subterranean invertebrate community of pisolitic hills in the Pilbara”) (Section 5.2.1).



Figure 5.4: Prospective habitat within the Warramboo survey and study areas in relation to sampling locations.



5.2 Desktop Review Results

5.2.1 Priority Ecological Communities

Searches of the Department of Parks and Wildlife TEC, PEC and Environmentally Sensitive Areas database yielded two PECs relevant to the current study (Section 5.2.1). No environmentally sensitive areas were recorded from the search (Section 4.1.2). One PEC is present within the survey area, and a second PEC was from the east of the study area. Both PECs are described in Table 5.3 and their extents shown in Figure 5.5.

Table 5.3: Description of PECs overlapping the study area.

PEC Name Description Category

Subterranean invertebrate community of pisolitic hills in the Pilbara

“Subterranean invertebrate communities of a series of isolated pisolitic mesas in the Robe Valley near Pannawonica in the Shire of Ashburton in the State's Pilbara Region. Includes Mesa A, B, C, G and K and mesas not yet surveyed. The mesas are remnants of old valley infill deposits of the palaeo Robe River. Mesas are flat topped hills with a hard laterised goethite cap (Biota 2006). The cap is underlain by pisolite, which is made up of spherical accretions of iron minerals called pisoliths (the iron ore source), which often have small caverns and spaces between them. These interstices can be large enough to accommodate troglobitic fauna (Biota 2009b). It is assumed that the other ironstone hills also provide a similar habitat for troglobitic fauna that were located in these hills by Biota (Biota 2006).”

Priority 1

Subterranean invertebrate communities of mesas in the Robe Valley region

“Troglobitic faunal communities occur in extremely specialised habitats and appear to require the particular structure and hydrogeology associated with mesas (but also apparently with other ironstone hills in the Robe Valley Region; Biota 2006) to provide a suitable humid habitat (EPA 2007b). Specifically, the habitat is the humidified pisolitic strata (small round accretionary masses of rock). These troglobitic communities are believed to be relics of the late Miocene (23 to 5.3 million years BP), having arisen from tropical faunal lineages that descended into subterranean environments during the aridification of Australia (Biota 2006). Short range endemism is common in these fauna (Biota 2006). Eleven fauna taxa located in Mesa A, for example, was not located in any other mesa sampled. This high level of endemicity was the general pattern of distribution noted by Biota (Biota 2006) for mesas and other hills in the Robe Valley that were thought to be likely habitat for troglofauna.”

Priority 1

Both PECs are categorised as Priority One; Poorly-known ecological community. This category is defined as:

“Ecological communities that are known from very few occurrences with a very restricted distribution (generally ≤5 occurrences or a total area of ≤ 100ha). Occurrences are believed to be under threat either due to limited extent, or being on lands under immediate threat (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) or for which current threats exist. May include communities with occurrences on protected lands. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range.”



Figure 5.5: Location of buffered PECs relevant to the current study area.



5.2.2 Previous Relevant Surveys

Sampling for troglofauna has previously been conducted within the Warramboo survey area as part of other studies. These were completed between 2005 and 2014 and include the original Mesa A environmental impact assessment, Robe Valley mesas baseline troglofauna sampling, Mesa A operations compliance sampling and regional troglofauna studies (Biota 2005, 2006, 2011b, 2013b).

A desktop review was completed to identify relevant previous records from the survey area and the wider study area. Extensive subterranean fauna sampling has previously been conducted within the Robe Valley, including within the study area. Since 2004, 10 targeted troglobitic fauna surveys have been conducted overlapping the current study area (Appendix 6, Table 5.4, Figure 5.6).



Table 5.4: Summary of previous surveys completed within the survey area and surrounds.

Current Study

Biota (2006): Mesa A and Robe Valley Mesas Troglobitic Fauna Survey

Bennelongia (2010): Robe Valley Tenure: Congo Bore and Dinner Camp Baseline Troglofauna Survey

Biota (2012a): Mesa A Troglobitic Fauna Compliance Monitoring 2012

MWH (2014): Mesa A Troglofauna Biennial Compliance Monitoring: 2014

Biota (2014b): Single Phase Troglofauna Sampling for Tod Bore, Hubert Well, Congo Bore and Highway Deposit

Phase 1 2 6 * 1 1 1 1

Area Surveyed Warramboo Warramboo Mesa A, B, C, F, G, H, K, 2402e, Todd Bore, Warramboo

Dinner Camp, Congo Bore

Mesa A and B Mesa A and B Tod Bore, Hubert Well, Congo Bore, Highway Deposit

Survey Timing 3 Jun' - 8 Aug' 2015

8 Aug' - 2 Oct' 2015

21 Nov’ 2004 – 11 Apr’ 2007 (6 phases)

22 Sep' – 18 Nov' 2010

23 May - 20 Jul' 2012

25 Jun' - 5 Sep' 2014 16 Oct' - 8 Dec' 2013

Rain data (mm)

Rain during Sampling 14.2 0 44 0 51.6 0 7.6

Rain 3 months preceding 254.8 28.4 627.4 26.8 47.4 110 1

Overall Sites Sampled

Trapped 33 33 88 40 46 51 116

Number of traps 69 57 291 80 135 158 301

Scraped 8 0 0 40 0 50 65

Sites Overlapping current study area

Trapped (# traps) 33 33 4 (11) 40 3 (11) 4 (11) 116

Scraped 8 0 0 40 0 4 65

Number orders collected overlapping current survey area

8 7 9 13** 6 7 6**

• breakdown and comparison per phase in Appendix 6 ** some taxa regarded as troglobitic at the time of this study are considered to be edaphobitic



Figure 5.6: Summary of previous study locations in relation to the current scope.



A summary of the troglobitic fauna records collated during the desktop review is provided in Table 5.5. Complete details of all previous records are displayed in Appendix 3. The database search bounding the Warramboo troglofauna study area yielded a total of 168 specimens, representing 46 taxa, from previous surveys. These specimens were recorded between 2005 and 2014, and identified using either morphological or molecular techniques (Appendix 3).

Table 5.5: Taxa and abundance (n) of troglofauna recorded from the desktop review.

Taxonomy n Drill holes

Order Family Species

Araneae Oonopidae Oonopidae sp. 'AO014' 2 DCBRC_017, DCBRC_040

Prethopalpus sp. 'B21' 3 DCBRC_089, MEARC4191

Pholcidae Pholcidae sp. 'indet' ^ 1 A1536

Palpigradi Indeterminate Palpigradi sp. 'B6' 3 COBRC0022

Pseudoscorpiones Atemnidae Atemnidae sp. 'B2' 1 DCBRC_017

Chthoniidae Tyrannaochthonius sp. 'Warramboo' *

1 MEADC2380

Tyrannochthonius basme 2 COBRC0010

Olpiidae Austrohorus sp. 'indet' ^ 1 COBRC0013, MEARC5053, MEARC5071

Olpiidae sp. 'indet' ^ 1 A1784

Olpiidae sp. 'POL013' 1 COBRC0013

Syarinidae Ideoblothrus linnaei * 1 MEA4316

Ideoblothrus sp. 'indet' ^ 1 COBRC0030

Ideoblothrus sp. 'Mesa A' * 1 MEA4063

Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides anachoretus *

9 MEARC3092, MEADC2492, MEADC3188, MEARC2702, MEARC2740, MEARC3066, MEARC3073, MEARC4151

Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ *

4 MEADC2381

Scolopendromorpha Cryptopidae Cryptopidae sp. 'CHI022' 1 COBRC0001

Cryptops sp. 'B14' 1 COBRC0019

Cryptops sp. 'indet' ^ 1 COBRC0001

Geophilomorpha Geophilomorpha sp. 'indet' ^

6 COBRC0001, COBRC0008, COBRC0015

Indeterminate Scolopendrida sp. 'indet' ^ 1 MEARC3073

Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus * 64 COBRC0022, MEARC2999, MEARC4318, MEARC4329, MEARC5038, MEARC5044, TOBRC0009

Diplura Indeterminate Diplura sp. 'indet' ^ 2 COBRC0022, MEARC2702

Japygidae Japygidae sp. 'B17' 2 COBRC0008

Parajapygidae Parajapygidae sp. 'B14' 1 COBRC0003

Projapygidae Projapygidae new genus sp. ‘nov’ *

1 MEARC4318

Projapygidae sp. 'B6' 4 DCBRC_001, TOBRC0043

Projapygidae sp. 'indet' ^ 2 COBRC0012

Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae sp. 'B10' 2 COBRC0007

Indeterminate Coleoptera sp. 'indet' ^ 4 COBRC0001, COBRC0029, MEARC4329, MEARC5070

Zygentoma Indeterminate Thysanura sp. 'T001' 1 TOBRC0055

Nicoletiidae Atelurodes sp. 'B2' 12 DCBRC_017, DCBRC_089

Hemitrinemura sp. 'B4' 3 COBRC0007, COBRC0016

Trinemura sp. 'indet' ^ 3 MEARC5070, RC12COB0001, TOBRC0057



Taxonomy n Drill holes

Order Family Species

Zygentoma Trinemura sp. 'B10' 10 MEARC4191

cont. Trinemura sp. 'B11' 1 COBRC0019

Trinemura sp. ‘Mesa A1’ 2 MEARC3098

Trinemura sp. ‘T1’ * 2 TOBRC0011

Cephalostigmata Indeterminate Symphyla sp. 'SYM025' 1 TOBRC0038

Scolopendrillidae Symphylella sp. 'B9' 4 COBRC0003, COBRC0009, COBRC0010, COBRC0030

Symphylella sp. 'indet' ^ 1 COBRC0015

Scutigerellidae Hanseniella sp. 'B10' 1 COBRC0033

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’ *

2 MEARC5044, TOBRC0003

Armadillo sp. 'B18' 5 DCBRC_0038, DCBRC_089, TOBRC0044

Armadillo sp. 'indet' ^ 1 DCBRC_0038

Indeterminate Isopoda sp. 'indet' ^ 4 COBRC0029, COBRC0035, MEARC4243, MEARC5044

Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. 'ISP051' 1 RC12COB0002 * Occurs within the survey area ^ Higher order resolution: not included within the assessment (Section 6.0)

Fourteen taxa were unable to be identified to species level, and as such are not considered further within this assessment (Table 5.5; Appendix 3). Four taxa belong to described species, Lophoturus madecassus, Tyrannochthonius basme, Ideoblothrus linnaei and Paradraculoides anachoretus.

Lophoturus madecassus was the highest abundance species recorded, comprising 36% of the total number of specimens. These specimens are not considered further in relation to the study area as previous studies have indicated that these Polyxenida represent a taxon that is widespread through the Pilbara (Biota and Helix 2012), and in fact has a circum-tropical global distribution (Megan Short, pers. comm. 2016). They are therefore not SRE taxa or of conservation significance.

Three species, Schizomida species Paradraculoides anachoretus, Pseudoscorpiones species Ideoblothrus linnaei and ideoblothrus sp. ‘Mesa A’, are listed as Schedule 3, P1 and P1 respectively in Western Australia (Section 6.2).



Figure 5.7: Location of desktop review troglofauna sampling locations and records from the Warramboo study area.



5.3 Survey Results

A total of 43 troglomorphic specimens were collected from across the Warramboo survey area, comprising 32 from Phase 1 and 11 from Phase 2 (Table 5.6; Figure 5.8). The specimens represented two phyla, seven classes and 9 orders, and 17 taxa, comprising five indeterminate taxa and 12 species-level taxa (Section 5.3.1). The orders Isopoda and Schizomida were the greatest contributors to faunal composition, comprising 30.4% and 23.9% of the total number of potential troglofauna specimens collected from the survey area. All 43 specimens were morphologically identified to order level and subsequently sequenced (Section 4.4) to assign species-level designations (Table 5.6).

Table 5.6: Order-level identifications and sequencing summary from the Warramboo survey area.

Taxonomy Number Collected Genes Sequenced

Phylum Class Order (Common Name) Phase 1 Phase 2 12S CO1 Arthropoda Arachnida Pseudoscorpiones

(Pseudoscorpion) 2 1 - 3

Schizomida (Schizomid) 8 2 - 10

Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha (Centipede)

- 1 - 1

Diplopoda Polydesmida (Polydesmid millipede)

5 2 - 7

Diplura Diplura (Earwig) 1 1 - 2

Insecta Coleoptera (Beetle) 3 - - 3

Thysanura (Silverfish) 1 1 2 -

Symphyla Symphyla (Symphyla) 1 - - 1

Crustacea Malacostraca Isopoda (Slater) 11 3 - 14

Total 32 11

A detailed account of each potential troglofauna order, including the results of genetic analysis, follows in Section 5.3.1. In addition to the 43 potential troglofauna specimens, a large number of edaphobitic specimens were collected. As is usual for troglobitic fauna surveys in the Pilbara the majority of collected specimens were edaphobitic, or specimens derived from surface environments. A complete list of specimens recorded is appended (Appendix 2), however for the purpose of this assessment, these specimens are not discussed further.

5.3.1 Annotated Account of Collected Troglofauna

5.3.1.1 Pseudoscorpiones

Three specimens from the order Pseudoscorpiones were successfully sequenced from the survey area (Table 5.7, Figure 5.8). Genetic analysis showed that the collected specimens represented two genetic lineages, which were equivalent to species, from two families, Hyiidae and Chthoniidae (Table 5.7, Figure 5.8, Figure 5.9).

Table 5.7: Results of Pseudoscorpiones molecular analysis and corresponding species determinations.

Taxonomy Number Recorded

Drill Hole Family Genetic Lineage Species Name

Chthoniidae Pseudoscorpiones PCH012 Chthoniidae sp. ‘PCH012’ 2 MEARC3814

Hyiidae Pseudoscorpiones PH006 Hyiidae sp. ’PH006’ 1 RC13MEA0279

The species collected from the family Chthoniidae, Chthoniidae sp. ’PCH012’, differed from closest reference specimens, Chthoniidae sp. ‘PCH050’, collected from nearby Mesa B, by 8.5% (Appendix 4).



Figure 5.8: Locations of specimen collections from the Warramboo troglofauna survey area during the current survey.



The Hyiidae species collected from Warramboo, Hyiidae sp. ’PH006’, was most closely related (11.3% divergence) to a Buckland Hills species, collected approximately 79 km east-southeast of the current survey area.

The level of CO1 divergence displayed between Hyiidae sp. ‘PH006’, Chthoniidae sp. ‘PCH012’, and reference specimens representing previously identified species, is sufficient for these two lineages to be classed as discrete species based on molecular analysis (see Appendix 4). Both of these species are currently known from single locations and are poorly represented in collections (Section 6.2) and are considered new species.

Figure 5.9: Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the pseudoscorpion family Hyiidae collected from the

Warramboo survey area.

(Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured block indicates specimens belonging to a single species.)



Figure 5.10: Excerpt from Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the pseudoscorpion family Chthoniidae

collected from the survey area. (Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown.

Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured block indicates specimens belonging to a single species.)

5.3.1.2 Schizomida

Ten specimens of the order Schizomida were collected and sequenced from the Warramboo survey area, belonging to two phylogenetic lineages (Table 5.8, Figure 5.8). Both lineages are from the family Hubbardiidae, and are highly divergent and as such represent separate species.

Table 5.8: Results of Schizomida analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Hubbardiidae Schizomida SCH003

Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’

9 MEARC3790, MEARC3811, MEARC4400, TOBRC0023

Schizomida SCH004

Paradraculoides sp. ’SCH004/004a’

1 MEARC4273

The first species, Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ (Plate 5.2), has previously been recorded from one drill hole in the Warramboo survey area (Figure 5.7). This drill hole (MEADC2381; Figure 5.7) is located within the currently approved mine area. This species diverges from Paradraculoides anachoretus (Mesa A) and Paradraculoides bythius (Mesa B) by between 7.5% and 9.5% (Appendix 4). The known distribution of the species Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ extends over approximately 4.9 km2, within the Warramboo deposit.

Broader analyses showed that the second species, Paradraculoides sp. ’SCH004/004a’ (T138502), which was only recorded from one specimen, is very closely related to specimens collected during a concurrently run study at Mesa L, Mesa M and Mesa N in the East Deepdale area (approximately 45 km east of the Warramboo collection location). The specimen differs from Mesa L specimens by and average of 0.57%, with a range of 0.12 – 0.87% sequence divergence (Helix unpublished data, Appendix 4), and therefore is very likely to belong to the same species. This record is most likely an artefact of sample contamination, which is discussed further in Section 6.1.



Plate 5.2: Dorsal view of Schizomida species Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ (T138500, from drill hole

MEARC3790), collected from the survey area.

The Schizomida of the Robe Valley are considered entirely troglobitic with distributions linked mostly with single mesas (such as Paradraculoides anachoretus), or occasionally two proximal mesas (such as Paradraculoides bythius; Biota 2006, 2011b). Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ is likely to display similar life history and distribution characteristics to the known Schizomida species inhabiting the Robe Valley mesas (Section 6.2).

Figure 5.11: Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Schizomida

collected from the survey area.

(Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured block indicates specimens belonging to a single species.)

5.3.1.3 Scolopendromorpha

A single specimen of the order Scolopendromorpha was collected from the Warramboo survey area (Table 5.9, Figure 5.8). This specimen, assigned to the lineage Chilopoda CHI002, belongs to the genus Cryptops (family Cryptopidae) and is the first record of this species. Its putative species, Cryptops sp.’CHI002’ differs from other reference species of the same family by between 18.0 and 28.1% sequence divergence (Appendix 4).

Table 5.9: Results of Scolopendromorpha analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Cryptopidae Chilopoda CHI002 Cryptops sp.’CHI002’ 1 MEARC4383



Figure 5.12: Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order

Scolopendromorpha collected from the survey area.

(Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured blocks indicates specimens belonging to a single species.)

Troglobitic specimens belonging to the genus Cryptops have previously been collected from the Robe Valley at Mesas A, B, G and K (Appendix 4; Biota 2006, 2007, 2012b). While reference data are somewhat limited, sequencing from previous studies and reference specimens indicate that Cryptops sp. ’CHI002’ is a distinct species previously not detected in the region. 5.3.1.4 Polydesmida

Seven specimens of troglomorphic polydesmid millipede were collected from the Warramboo survey area (Table 5.10, Figure 5.8). Two specimens belong to the family Haplodesmidae, representing the species, Haplodesmidae sp. ‘DIHAP001’, were collected from a single drill hole in the survey area. The remaining five specimens failed to yield a viable sequence and therefore could not be determined to species level.

Table 5.10: Results of Polydesmida analysis and corresponding species determinations from the Warramboo survey area.


Drill Hole Family Genetic Lineage Species Name Indeterminate (DNA failed to amplify) Polydesmida sp. Indet ^ 5 MEARC2401,

MEARC3500, RC13MEA0279

Haplodesmidae Haplodesmidae DIHAP001

Haplodesmidae sp. ‘DIHAP001’

2 RC13MEA0279

^ Higher order resolution: not included within the assessment further

Haplodesmidae sp. ‘DIHAP001’ has been recorded from multiple deposits within the Robe Valley, including Warramboo, Mesa B and Mesa C as well as from a location on the Hardey River (approximately 215 km southeast of Warramboo; Appendix 2, Figure 5.13). The intraspecific variation between populations between these deposits is 0.7%, indicating that gene flow is recent or ongoing across relatively broad spatial scales in these millipedes (Appendix 4). While troglobitic and SRE millipedes have previously been recorded from subterranean environments in the Pilbara (Humphreys et al. 2013), Haplodesmidae sp. ‘DIHAP001’ is unlikely to represent a troglobitic species as there is little evidence to indicate genetic subdivision or a restricted distribution based on geology and landforms. The known distribution of this species is 903 km2.



Figure 5.13: Excerpt of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Diplopoda

collected from the Warramboo survey area.

(Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured blocks indicate specimens belonging to a single species.)

5.3.1.5 Diplura

Two diplura specimens were collected from two drill holes, MEARC3792 and MEARC5017 (Table 5.11, Figure 5.8). However, DNA from both specimens failed to amplify and they were therefore unable to be sequenced or resolved to species level (Section 6.2).

Table 5.11: Results of Diplura analysis and corresponding species determinations.


Drill Hole Family Genetic Lineage Species Name Indeterminate (DNA failed to amplify) Diplura sp. Indet ^ 2 MEARC3790, MEARC5017


5.3.1.6 Coleoptera

Genetic analysis of the three Coleoptera specimens collected identified three lineages, which correlated to three distinct species (Table 5.12, Figure 5.8).

Table 5.12: Results of Coleoptera analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Anthicidae Coleoptera CAN003 Stricticollis tobias 1 MEARC4400 Carabidae Coleoptera CCA001 Carabidae sp.’CCA001/012’ 1 MEARC3814 Curculionidae Coleoptera CCU005 Curculionidae

sp.’CCU004/005’ 1 MEARC4400

Coleoptera lineage CAN003 (family Anthicidae) was assigned to an existing species, Stricticollis tobias, which has a global distribution (Telnov 2010). The Warramboo specimen differs from reference specimens used in the analysis (recorded outside of Australia) by 0.9% divergence (Section 6.2). Lineage Coleoptera CCA001 from the survey area differed by 3.7% from a lineage recorded during a concurrent study at nearby Mesa B, suggesting that both belong to the same species (Figure 5.14; Appendix 4), Curculionidae sp. ’CCA001/012’. Collections of these two lineages is separated by 12.8 km.

This species differed from its most closely related reference species, Pterosticus mutus (GenBank reference species) by 12.4%, and from other specimens sequenced during this study by between 19.8% and 23.4% (Table 5.13). Due to this high level of divergence, this specimen represents a previously unrecorded species.

Coleoptera lineage CCU005 collected at Warramboo is very closely related (3.2 – 3.5% difference) to a lineage previously recorded from nearby Mesas A, B and C (Helix supplied data). These lineages represent a single species, Curculionidae sp. ’CCU004/005’ (Figure 5.14). This species differed from other reference taxa used in the analysis by between 20% and 25% sequence divergence. The known distribution for this species is 27.9 km2.



Figure 5.14: Subsection of Helix produced Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Coleoptera

collected from the survey area. (Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown.

Specimens from the survey area collected during the current study are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured blocks indicate specimens belonging to a single species.)

Considering the low level of genetic diversity between specimens, and given that all species have known distributions from multiple, geomorphologically-separated deposits, it is likely that they represent troglophillic taxa (Section 6.2). There appears to be little geological restriction to dispersal for any of the collected Coleoptera species from the Warramboo study area.

Table 5.13: Interspecific variation of Coleoptera from both phases of sampling, in relation to reference species.

Species

Genetic divergence (%)

Stricticollis tobias Carabidae sp. ‘CCA001/012’

Curculionidae sp. ’CCU004/005’

Stricticollis tobias

Carabidae sp.’CCA001/012’ 19.8

Curculionidae sp. ’CCU004/005’ 23.7 23.4

Reference species

Pterosticus mutus 21.0 12.4 24.9

Trigonopterus sp. 21.6 21.5 20.0



5.3.1.7 Thysanura

Genetic analysis placed the two specimens of the insect order Thysanura collected from the current study area into two families, Nicoletiinae and Subnicoletiinae, and two species, Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010' and Hemitrinemura sp. 'TS005’ (Table 5.14, Figure 5.8).

Table 5.14: Results of Thysaura analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Nicoletiinae Thysanura TN010 Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010' 1 MEARC4383

Subnicoletiinae Thysanura TS005 Hemitrinemura sp. 'TS005’ 1 MEARC3814

Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010' was recorded from drill hole MEARC4383 during the current study. Additionally, Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010' has been collected from nearby Mesa B approximately 11.1 km east-northeast of the current survey area (Figure 5.15). This species differed from the closest reference specimen by 9.4%, which was collected during a previous study in the same survey area (Appendix 3). Although closely related to a reference specimen from Christmas Creek (5.5% genetic divergence), Hemitrinemura sp. 'TS005’ is considered a distinct species. Given these specimens were sequenced with 12s, a slower evolving gene, this differentiation would equate to CO1 differentiation of over 7% (T. Finston, Helix pers. comm 2017). Hemitrinemura sp. 'TS005’ was recorded from a single drill hole within the survey area (Appendix 3).

Figure 5.15: Excerpt of Bayesian analysis of 12s haplotypes of the order Thysanura collected from the



5.3.1.8 Symphyla

A single Symphyla specimen was collected from the Waramboo troglofauna survey area (Figure 5.8). This specimen belongs to the previously unrecorded lineage Symphyla SYM026 from the family Scolopendrellidae, which differs from the closest available reference specimen by 16.7% (Appendix 4) and is therefore considered a new species, Scolopendrellidae sp. 'SYM026' (Table 5.15, Figure 5.17).

Table 5.15: Results of Symphyla analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Scolopendrellidae Symphyla SYM026 Scolopendrellidae sp. 'SYM026' 1 MEARC4273



Figure 5.16: Excerpt of Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the order Symphyla collected from the



5.3.1.9 Isopoda

Fourteen isopod specimens were collected but nine were unable to be successfully sequenced and therefore could not be assigned to a lineage or species level taxon (Table 5.16). The remaining five specimens represented four lineages and three species all from the family Armidillidae (Table 5.16, Figure 5.8). Isopoda lineages 9a and 9b differed from each other by 3.8% and represent the same species based on their location and relatively low genetic divergence (Appendix 4).

One of the other lineages corresponded to a previously sequenced species (Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’), collected from the adjacent Mesa A deposit. The known distribution for this species is 8.7 km2. The remaining lineages correspond to species that were previously unrecorded (Figure 5.17).

Figure 5.17: Excerpt of the Helix Bayesian analysis of CO1 haplotypes of the isopod family Armadillidae

collected from the survey area.

(Numbers on major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Warramboo specimens are displayed in pink. Reference and Genbank specimens displayed in black. Coloured blocks indicate specimens belonging to a single species.)



Table 5.16: Results of Isopoda analysis and corresponding species determinations.



Indeterminate (failed to sequence) Isopoda sp. Indet ^ 9 MEARC3811, MEARC4795, TOBRC0020

Armadillidae Isopoda lineage ISA006 Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’ 1 TOBRC0020

Isopoda lineage ISA007 Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’ 1 TOBRC0020

Isopoda lineage ISA009a Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/9b’

1 MEARC4923

Isopoda lineage ISA009b 2 MEARC2401, MEARC5053


Species Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’ and Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’ were more genetically similar to each other (6.7% divergence) than to Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/9b’ (20.7%). The species were highly divergent from the closest reference specimens, ranging from 19.7% to 24.2% sequence divergence (Table 5.17).

Table 5.17: Interspecific variation of Isopoda from both phases of sampling, in relation to reference species.

Species

Genetic Divergence (%)

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/9b’

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/9b’

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’ 20.7

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’ 20.7 6.7

Reference Species

Isopoda sp. ’mesa L’ 23.0 24.2 23.8

Troglarmadillo sp.’ISO005’ 21.9 22.7 22.7

Troglarmadillo sp.’ISA0021’ 21.6 19.7 20.0 Previous records data supplied by Helix.

While epigean isopods are routinely collected from leaf litter, and are less prone to extreme short-range endemism, recent genetic analysis of subterranean specimens have indicated that troglomorphic isopods can display habitat restriction (Biota 2015b, Helix 2015a, 2015b).



6.0 Discussion

6.1 Recorded Troglobites Excluded from Assessment

One species of Schizomida documented by this study, is not discussed further in the conclusions of this report. Paradraculoides sp. ’SCH004/004a’, recorded from site MEARC4273 (Section 5.3.1.2), is the same species collected from Mesa L, M and N, approximately 45 km east of the Warramboo collection sites. Given the extreme short range endemism prevalent within the Robe Valley troglobitic fauna communities (Biota 2006, 2011b), and the Schizomida in particular, along with the low level of genetic divergence between the Warramboo specimen and the Mesa L species over such a large distance, it is probable that this record is an artefact. This may be a result of cross-contamination between traps while in transit or during on-site storage (e.g. this specimen moved between the stored traps through an accidental tear in the ziplock bags during transit). To provide context, specimens of the same species from Mesa N differ from Mesa L specimens by an average of 1.9%, over an approximately 1.4 km distance, whereas the MEARC4273 specimen differed by just 0.57% over 45 km (Section 5.3.1.2). While this specimen is still reported for transparency, completeness and to maintain a conservative approach, it is not considered to represent a species endemic to the Warramboo survey area and thereby not considered in Section 6.2.

6.2 Conservation Significance

A total of 22 troglofauna species are now known from the survey area, three of which have been identified as being of conservation significance, Paradraculoides anachoretus (order Schizomida), Ideoblothrus linnaei and Ideoblothrus sp. ‘Mesa A’ (order Pseudoscorpiones; Table 6.1). All three species were recorded during previous surveys and documented during the desktop review as occurring within the survey area. Paradraculoides anachoretus is listed as Schedule 3, while both pseudoscorpion species are listed as Priority 1 (Table 6.1). These species are currently known only from Mesa A, which is adjacent to and partially overlaps the current survey area. No confirmed SRE species were recorded from the current study (Table 6.1). In total, 13 species from the survey area were classified as being potential SRE species. Overall these species were poorly collected and data deficient, with nine of the species representing singleton collections, and a further three species collected from single site locations (Table 6.1). This single site location is unlikely to represent the true distribution of these species however and is likely an artefact of sampling effects. Currently these species have the following attributes of relevance to the assessment of conservation significance of troglobitic fauna:

• species with very short range distributions based on available data; each species currently appears, to be restricted to either a local paleo channel system or an individual mesa;

• relictual fauna representative of very old lineages; the lineages from which the contemporary troglofauna have been present in subterranean habitats since the late Miocene (at least the last 10 million years); and

• similar distributions to species which are currently listed as conservation significant (Vulnerable, Schedule or Priority fauna) under State legislation and occur in similar habitats in the bioregion.

It is likely that the troglobitic species from the Warramboo survey area would be considered data deficient (requiring additional specimens and improvements in overall taxonomic frameworks), or potentially assigned a similar conservation status to the previously described troglobitic species endemic to the Robe Valley mesas (such as Paradraculoides anachoretus or Ideoblothrus linnaei). These potential SRE species are treated here as troglobitic and SRE fauna for the purposes of conservative environmental impact assessment.



The remaining six species are considered Widespread from the survey area, which included Stricticollis tobias, a cosmopolitan species described from specimens outside Australia (Telnov 2010). The remaining five species, while varying between fair and poorly collected from an area less than 10,000 km2, are considered widespread based on habitat indicators and distributions known for other related taxa. These species were recorded from the current study and at other deposits around the Mesa A Hub and elsewhere in the Pilbara (Table 6.1). These specimens show little geological restriction and are likely to be troglophilic species.



Table 6.1: Summary of species recorded from the Warramboo survey area, including their conservation status and distribution. (Coordinates in GDA94, Zone 50; A summary of the WAM SRE categories is located in Appendix 5).

Species Name Distribution (km2)

Collection Representation*

New Species

Singleton

Record ∞

SRE Sub-Categories ^

Notes

Conservation Significant Species

Ideoblothrus linnaei 0.4

Poor - - - Conservation significant, Listed as Priority 1 in WA. Three specimens known from Mesa A. Assessed as part of the Mesa A/Warramboo proposal (MS 756).

Ideoblothrus sp. ‘Mesa A’ 1.3 Poor - - - Conservation significant, Listed as Priority 1 in WA. Three specimens known from Mesa A. Assessed as part of the Mesa A/Warramboo proposal (MS 756).

Paradraculoides anachoretus 5.7

Good - - - Conservation significant, Listed as Schedule 3 in WA. Over 80 specimens known from Mesa A distribution. Assessed as part of the Mesa A/Warramboo proposal (MS 756).

Confirmed SRE Species

(None recorded) - - - - - -

Potential SRE Species

Hyiidae sp. ’PH006’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

-

Cryptops sp.’CHI002’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

-

Hemitrinemura sp. 'TS005’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Scolopendrellidae sp. 'SYM026' - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Tyrannochthonius sp. 'warramboo' - Poor - X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Projapygidae new genus sp. ‘nov.’ - Poor - X A. Data Deficient C. Morphology indicator

Thysanura sp. ‘T001’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence



Species Name Distribution (km2)

Collection Representation*

New Species

Singleton

Record ∞

SRE Sub-Categories ^

Notes

Chthoniidae sp. ‘PCH012’ - Poor X X A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Multiple specimens from single location.

Trinemura sp. ‘T1’ - Poor - X A. Data Deficient Multiple specimens from single location.

Trinemura sp. ‘Mesa A1’ - Poor - X A. Data Deficient Multiple specimens from single location. Assessed as part of the Mesa A/Warramboo proposal (MS 756).

Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ 1.0 Fair - - A. Data Deficient D. Molecular evidence

Widespread Species

Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/9b’ ° 8.7 Fair -

- B. Habitat Indicators D. Molecular Evidence

Also collected from Mesas A (MEARC2999). Likely Troglophilic.

Carabidae sp.’CCA001/012’ ° <0.1 Poor X - B. Habitat Indicators

Collected also from Mesa B (RC15MEB0107). Likely Troglophilic.

Curculionidae sp. ’CCU004/005’ ° 27.9 Fair X

- B. Habitat Indicators

Also collected from Mesas A (MEARC2657), B (GR15MEB0003, RC14MEB0060, RC14MEB0068, RC15MEB0216) and C (GR15MEC0019, RC15MEC0192). Likely Troglophilic.

Haplodesmidae sp. ‘DIHAP001’ ° 903.7 Fair -

- B. Habitat Indicators D. Molecular Evidence

Also collected from Mesa B (DD14MEB0005), C (RC15MEC0193) and Hardey River (215 km south east of Warramboo). Species Troglophilic.

Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010' ° - Poor X

- B. Habitat Indicators Collected also from Mesa B (MEBRC0020). Likely Troglophilic.

Stricticollis tobias Worldwide Good - - B. Habitat Indicators Introduced species * Poor: <5 specimens, Fair: 5 – 15, Good: >15.

∞ includes multiple specimens collected from single site. ^ A. Data Deficient, B. Habitat Indicators, C. Morphology indicators, D. Molecular Evidence, E. Research and Expertise (more detail in Appendix 5). ° Molecular and habitat data indicates species not restricted.



6.3 Habitat Suitability

In total, 67.0 km2 of the 323.5 km2 study area represents high prospectivity habitat, with 17 km2 (5.3% of total surface area) confirmed as habitat from sampling using a 500 m buffer around collections (Table 6.2, Figure 6.1). Overall 87.2% of collections of conservation significant and potential SRE species (Table 6.1) were recorded from areas of High habitat prospectivity, supporting the habitat assessment. All orders recorded from the desktop review and current surveys were represented in the high habitat prospectivity, with the exception of Palpigradi.

A total of 141.1 km2 of habitat was categorised as Medium prospectivity with 4.5 km2 (3.2%) confirmed as habitat. Species recorded from Medium habitat prospectivity include from the group Schizomida (n=1), Pseudoscorpiones (n=1) and Thysanura (n=1).

A total of 8.3 km2 (7.7%) of Low prospectivity geology was categorised as confirmed habitat due to troglofauna collection from 11 sites south of the survey area. Species recorded from Low habitat prospectivity include the groups Palpigradi (n=1), Pseudoscorpiones (n=2), Diplura (n=2), Coleoptera (n=1), Thysanura (n=1), Symphyla (n=2) and Scolopendromorpha (n=1). These taxa, with the exception of the Cryptopidae sp. 'CHI022' (Scolopendromorpha) and Olpiidae sp. ‘POL013’ (Pseudoscorpiones), have all been identified solely on morphologically and mostly during previous surveys. Many of these taxonomic groups also have limited local taxonomic expertise and data for some suggest they may be less obligate than other troglofauna of the study area, such as the Schizomida and Pseudoscorpiones.

Table 6.2: Overall habitat suitability of the study area

Habitat Prospectivity

High Medium Low

Confirmed Habitat area (km2) (Troglofauna Recorded)

17.0 4.5 8.3

Inferred Habitat area (km2) (No Troglofauna Recorded)

50.0 136.6 107.0

A total of 186.6 km2 is categorised as inferred High (50.0 km2) and Medium (136.6 km2) prospectivity habitat within the study area (Table 6.2). While no fauna records exist from these areas, geology and other subterranean habitat information suggest that these areas are likely to provided habitat for troglofauna.

While inferred high-suitability habitat also extends southwest of the current survey area, collection results appear to differ between the survey area and previous collections south of the survey area. No species of conservation significance, or of potential conservation significance as SREs, that have been recorded from within the survey area are currently known from the inferred continuation of the prospective habitat southwest of the survey area. One strongly troglobitic order, the Schizomida, represented by two species within the survey area, is currently unrepresented from the wider study area. While there are no known faults or other structural features in the geology known to potentially isolate this south-western inferred portion of the study area, this finding may indicate a discontinuity in the habitat or change in extent of deeper and more complex subterranean habitats that may be utilised by more strongly obligate taxa. It is also possible that these patterns may be explained by the influence of ecological sampling effects on past data sets, particularly the effect of rainfall (Biota 2006, 2013c). Humphreys (1991) also observed that troglofauna populations in karst can expand rapidly after rainfall due to increased food and humidity.

Two sampling phases have been completed within the wider study area outside the survey area to date (Bennelongia 2010, MWH 2014). This previous sampling was completed during relatively dry periods in 2010 and 2013 (September – December), which may reduce the number of obligate subterranean fauna recorded and could also explain differences in the recorded fauna assemblages. However sampling from the Robe Valley mesas in 2010 over the same period (from September to November), still recorded 22 Schizomida from three of the mesas, as well as additional troglobitic taxa (Biota 2011b).



Specifically-designed sampling after significant rainfall within the wider Warramboo study area would be necessary to further inform if the observed differences in fauna assemblage are an artefact of sampling conditions or due to other factors such as changes in subterranean habitat.



Figure 6.1: Species (current and previous records) of conservation significance or potential conservation significance in relation to habitat suitability.



6.4 Conclusions

Three species of conservation significance, Paradraculoides anachoretus, Ideoblothrus linnaei and Ideoblothrus sp. ‘Mesa A’, were recorded from the survey area from previous surveys. These species are endemic to Mesa A, which partially overlaps the current study and survey areas. These species are unlikely to be impacted by the development at Warramboo as they are predominantly located outside the study area at Mesa A, and are covered under their approved management plan (Biota 2009b). No species formally identified as being of conservation significance has been recorded from only the Warramboo survey area. Thirteen species from the survey area are categorised as potential SREs, of which all are data deficient (singleton records or poorly represented in collections). Over 87% of conservation significant and potential SRE species are recorded from high habitat prospectivity geologies. This geology, Robe Pisolite (Tp), unit is used by the Department of Parks and Wildlife as a surrogate to define the spatial boundaries of the Subterranean invertebrate community of pisolitic hills in the Pilbara PEC, as the Department “assumed that the other ironstone hills also provide a similar habitat for troglobitic fauna that were located in these hills”. In the current study, specimens of some taxonomic groups were also collected in low abundance from surrounding geological units. While additional sequencing was utilised in an attempt to resolve taxonomic uncertainty for geographically restricted potential SRE species, the age of reference specimens curated in the Western Australian Museum reduced sequencing success. While these species remain unresolved, they are currently display similar life histories to known troglobitic species of conservation significance in the Robe Valley. Conservatively then, these species should be considered as potentially troglobitic for the purpose of the forthcoming EIA. Overall, sampling successfully took place across 33 sites sampled on consecutive phases, which incorporated troglofauna scraping and installation of 128 troglofauna traps. Survey and desktop review analysis yielded 64 taxa in total. Twenty-two species level taxa are now known to occur within the survey area, of which three are of conservations significance, 13 are potential SRE species and six are widespread. Geological modelling of prospective habitat showed over 87% of collections recorded from high prospectivity habitat, supporting the identification of subterranean habitat presented here. Overall, within the study area, there is modelled 67 km2 of High prospectivity habitat, with this comprising 17 km2 of confirmed and 50 km2 of inferred troglobitic fauna habitat.



7.0 Glossary

Edaphobite Deep soil inhabitant.

Endemic Native to or confined to a certain region.

EPA Environmental Protection Authority of Western Australia.

Epigean Fauna from above the soil level.

HTP Tertiary pisolite: Hydrated/hardcap pisolite geology.

Interspecific variation

Variation between species.

Intraspecific variation

Variation within species.

Karst Soluble-rock landscape; terrain with distinctive hydrology and landforms arising from a combination of high rock solubility and well-developed secondary porosity.

Mesocaverns Underground voids in the size range 0.1 – 20cm, especially in karst and volcanic substrates.

Pisolite Rock composed of pisoliths.

Short-Range Endemic (SRE)

A species that has a naturally small distribution and is often characterised by having poor dispersal capabilities, confinement to disjunct habitats and low fecundity. WAM guidelines for determining SRE status in Appendix 5.

Species Complex A group of closely related species currently placed within a single species name.

Stygobite / Stygofauna

Fauna inhabiting the various types of groundwater.

TPB Tertiary pisolite: Basal, clay and pisolite.

TPC Tertiary pisolite: Clay bands.

TPD Tertiary pisolite: Denatured and friable ore.

TPH Tertiary pisolite: Competent hard pisolitic ore.

TPM Tertiary pisolite: Mix of TPC, TPH and TPD.

Troglobite / Troglofauna

Species that do not exist outside caves. They may, however, occur in the superficial underground compartment or in the upper hypogean zone.

Troglophile / Troglophilic

Species that utilise, but are not restricted to, subterranean environments. Able to use surface environments for dispersal.



8.0 References Aplin, K. P. (1998). Three new blindsnakes (Squamata: Typhlopidae) from northwestern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19:1–12.

Bennelongia (2010). Robe Valley Tenure; Congo Bore and Dinner Camp Baseline Troglofauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, Bennelongia Environmental Consultants.

Biota (2004). Mesa A and Bungaroo Creek Exploration Areas Subterranean Fauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for Robe River Iron Mining Company, August 2004, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2005). Interim Results from Mesa A Troglofauna Sampling. Unpublished interim letter report prepared for Rio Tinto, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2006). Mesa A and Robe Valley Mesas Troglobitic Fauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for Robe River Iron Associates, March 2006, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2007). Mesa K Remnant Mining Project Troglobitic Fauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for Pilbara Iron, June 2007, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2009a). Mesa G Troglofauna Survey 2009. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, December 2009, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2009b). Mesa A Troglofauna Management Plan. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, November 2009, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2010). Yandicoogina Subterranean Fauna Assessment Phases I - V. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, December 2010, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2011a). WPIOP Basalt Quarry Troglobitic Fauna Pilot Survey Results. Unpublished letter report prepared for API Management, 21 January 2011, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2011b). Robe Valley Mesas Troglobitic Fauna Survey 2010. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, March 2011, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2012a). Mesa A Troglobitic Fauna Compliance Monitoring 2012. Unpublished report for Rio Tinto, December 2012, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2012b). Mesa G Troglobitic Fauna Assessment Phases I-VI. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, March 2012, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2013a). Bungaroo Subterranean Fauna Collections Summary; Phases 1 - 11. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, March 2013, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2013b). Rio Tinto Regional Troglobitic Fauna Study. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, March 2013, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2013c). Koodaideri Troglobitic Fauna Assessment Phase VI Addendum Report. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, December 2013, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2014a). Koodaideri Iron Ore Project Troglobitic Fauna Habitat Assessment. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, February 2014, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2014b). Single Phase Troglofauna Sampling for Tod Bore, Hubert Well, Congo Bore and Highway Deposit. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, May 2014, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.



Biota (2015a). Baby Hope Downs Troglofauna Survey Phase 2. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, July 2015, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota (2015b). Red Hill Creek and Stage 1 Extension Subterranean Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report prepared for API Management, November 2015, Biota Environmental Sciences, Western Australia.

Biota, and DC Blandford & Associates (2013). Robe Valley Troglofauna Habitat Characterisation and Reconstruction Review. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, June 2013, Biota Environmental Sciences and DC Blandford & Associates, Western Australia.

Biota, and Helix (2012). Polyxenid Millipede Regional Molecular Analysis. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, December 2012, Biota Environmental Sciences and Helix Molecular Solutions.

Culver, D. C., and T. Pipan (2009). The Biology of Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats. Oxford University Press.

DC Blandford & Associates (2009). West Pilbara Iron Ore Project: An Investigation into the geodiversity of palaeochannel systems. Unpublished report prepared for API Management, DC Blandford & Associates.

EPA (2007a). Statement No. 756: Mesa A / Warramboo Iron Ore Project. Published on 21st November 2007, Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2007b). EPA Guidance Statement No. 54a: Sampling Methods and Survey Considerations for Subterranean Fauna in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2016a). Statement of Environmental Principles, Factors and Objectives. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2016b). Environmental Factor Guideline: Subterranean Fauna. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2016c). Technical Guidance: Subterranean Fauna Survey. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2016d). Technical Guidance - Sampling methods for subterranean fauna . Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

EPA (2016e). Technical Guidance: Sampling Methods for Subterranean Fauna. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

Guzik, M. T., A. D. Austin, S. J. B. Cooper, M. S. Harvey, W. F. Humphrey, T. Bradford, S. M. Eberhard, R. A. King, R. Leys, K. A. Muirhead, and M. Tomlinson (2010). Is the Australian subterranean fauna uniquely diverse? Invertebrate Systematics 24:407 – 418.

Helix (2012). Report on the molecular systematics of Polyxenida from the Pilbara - update. Unpublished report prepared for Biota Environmental Sciences, 20 December 2012, Helix Molecular Solutions, Western Australia.

Helix (2015a). Report on the molecular systematics of Coleoptera and Isopoda from Buckland Hills. Unpublished report prepared for Biota Environmental Sciences, 14 July 2015, Helix Molecular Solutions, Western Australia.

Helix (2015b). Report on the molecular systematics of the subfauna of API Red Hill. Unpublished report prepared for Biota Environmental Sciences, 29 October 2015, Helix Molecular Solutions, Western Australia.

Hocking, R. M., and W. J. E. V. Van de Graaff (1987). The Geology of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia.



Humphreys, G., J. Alexander, M. S. Harvey, and W. F. Humphreys (2013). The subterranean fauna of Barrow Island, northwestern Australia: 10 years on. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83:145–158.

Humphreys, W. F. (1991). Experimental re-establishment of pulse-driven populations in a terrestrial troglobite community. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:609–623.

Humphreys, W. F. (1993). Cave fauna in semi-arid tropical Western Australia : a diverse relict wet-forest litter fauna. Memoires de Biospeologie 20:105–110.

Humphreys, W. F. (1999). Relict stygofaunas living in sea salt, karst and calcrete habitats in arid northwestern Australia contain many ancient lineages. Pages 219–227 in W. Ponder and D. Lumney, editors. The Other 99% -The Conservation and Biodiversity of invertebrates. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman.

Humphreys, W. F. (2001). The subterranean fauna of Barrow Island, northwestern Australia, and its environment. Memoires de Biospeologie (International Journal of Subterranean Biology) 28:107–127.

Juberthie, C. (2000). Chapter 1: The Diversity of the Karstic and Pseudokarstic Hypogean Habitats in the World. Pages 17–40 in H. Wilkens, D. C. Culver, and W. F. Humphreys, editors. Ecosystems of the World 30: Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.

Marmonier, P., P. Vervier, J. Giber, and M. J. Dole-Olivier (1993). Biodiversity in ground waters. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8:392–395.

MWH (2014). Mesa A Troglofauna Biennial Compliance Monitoring: 2014. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto, MWH.

Page, T. J., W. F. Humphreys, and J. M. Hughes (2008). Shrimps Down Under: Evolutionary Relationships of Subterranean Crustaceans from Western Australia (Decapoda: Atyidae: Stygiocaris). PLoS One 3:e1618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001618.

Romero, A. (2009). Cave Biology: Life in Darkness. Cambridge University Press.

Telnov, D. (2010). Ant-like flower beetles (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) of the UK, Ireland and Channel Isles. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 23:99–118.

Wilkens, H., D. C. Culver, and W. F. Humphreys (Eds.) (2000). Ecosystems of the World 30: Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.


Cube:Current:1080 (Robe Valley Subterranean Fauna 2015):Documents:Warramboo Troglofauna:1080 Ph1&2 Rev0_v3.docx

Appendix 1

Licence to take Fauna for Scientific Purposes (licence: SF010296)


Cube:Current:1080 (Robe Valley Subterranean Fauna 2015):Documents:Warramboo Troglofauna:Troglofauna Rev 0.docx

Appendix 2

Raw Sampling Data



Drill Hole Name Easting (m E)

Northing (m N)

Phase Order Family Species N WAM Number

ID Method Notes / Specimen Status

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Acarina - - 20 - Morphological Surface fauna
































Northing (m N)



































Northing (m N)















MEARCUNK01 377526 7604742 P1 Acarina - - 20 - Morphological Surface fauna




RC12TOB0026 378980 7599942 P2 Acarina - - 17 - Morphological Surface fauna


RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Acarina - - 12 - Morphological Surface fauna

RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P2 Acarina - - 20 - Morphological Surface fauna







Northing (m N)



TOBRC0009 380913 7600605 P1 Acarina - - 24 - Morphological Surface fauna












MEARC3811 379911 7605220 P1 Aranea - - 4 - Morphological Surface fauna
















MEARC5069 380694 7601100 P1 Blattodea - - 2 - Morphological Surface fauna




Northing (m N)



MEARC5069 380694 7601100 P1 Blattodea - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC3500 378199 7605666 P1 Coleoptera - - 2 - Morphological Surface fauna











MEARC4400 379855 7602466 P1 Coleoptera Anthicidae Stricticollis tobias 1 90737 Molecular Widespread Species

MEARC3814 379907 7605517 P1 Coleoptera Carabidae Carabidae sp. 'CCA001/012'

1 90754

Molecular Widespread Species

MEARC4400 379855 7602466 P1 Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae sp. 'CCU004/005'

1 90755 Molecular Widespread Species

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Collembola - - 20 - Morphological Surface fauna















Northing (m N)



































Northing (m N)
























MEARCUNK01 377526 7604742 P1 Collembola - - 8 - Morphological Surface fauna




RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Collembola - - 2 - Morphological Surface fauna




Northing (m N)



RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P2 Collembola - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

RC13TOB0013 379157 7599709 P1 Collembola - - 3 - Morphological Surface fauna

RC13TOB0013 379157 7599709 P2 Collembola - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

TOBRC0009 380913 7600605 P1 Collembola - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna








MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Diplura Indeterminate Diplura sp. Indet 1 90759 Morphological

Unresolved (species level resolution needed)

MEARC5017 382839 7602671 P2 Diplura Indeterminate Diplura sp. Indet 1 90772 Morphological

Unresolved (species level resolution needed)

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Diptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna













Northing (m N)






TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 P2 Diptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 P2 Diptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Hemiptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna









RC13TOB0013 379157 7599709 P2 Hemiptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC4273 382991 7602721 P2 Hymenoptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna







MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Hymenotera - - 2 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC3811 379911 7605220 P2 Isopoda - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna /pigmented






Northing (m N)



TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 P1 Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. ’ISA006’

1 C60729 Molecular Potential SRE/ Singleton

TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 P2 Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. ’ISA007’

1 C60733 Molecular Potential SRE/ Singleton

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. ’ISA009a/009b’

1 C60723 Molecular Widespread Species





MEARC3811 379911 7605220 P1 Isopoda Indeterminate Isopoda sp. Indet 1 C60724 Morphological Specimen failed to provide sequence



TOBRC0020 379527 7599960 P2 Isopoda Indeterminate Isopoda sp. Indet 1 C60774 Morphological Specimen failed to provide sequence

MEARC4273 382991 7602721 P2 Isoptera - - 5 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC5078 381271 7601911 P2 Isoptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

RC13TOB0013 379157 7599709 P1 Isoptera - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Pauropoda - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

MEARC4273 382991 7602721 P1 Pauropoda - - 1 - Morphological Surface fauna

RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Polydesmida Haplodesmidae Haplodesmidae sp. 'DIHAP001'

1 T139893 Molecular Widespread Species

RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Polydesmida Haplodesmidae Haplodesmidae sp. 'DIHAP001'

1 T139894 Molecular Widespread Species

MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Polydesmida Indeterminate Polydesmida sp. Indet

1 T138443 Morphological Specimen failed to provide sequence


1 T138527 Morphological Specimen failed to provide




Northing (m N)


ID Method Notes / Specimen Status sequence





RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Polydesmida Indeterminate Polydesmida sp. Indet


MEARC2401 376945 7605874 P1 Polyxenida - - 3 - Morphological Surface fauna











MEARC3814 379907 7605517 P1 Pseudoscorpiones Chthoniidae Chthoniidae sp. 'PCH012'

1 T138463 Molecular Potential SRE/ Single site only

MEARC3814 379907 7605517 P2 Pseudoscorpiones Chthoniidae Chthoniidae sp. 'PCH012'

1 T138531 Molecular Potential SRE/ Single site only

RC13MEA0279 376781 7605110 P1 Pseudoscorpiones Hyiidae Hyiidae sp. 'PH006' 1 T138464 Molecular Potential SRE/ Singleton

MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’

1 T138500 Molecular Potential SRE





MEARC3790 379796 7605620 P1 Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides 1 T139912 Molecular Potential SRE




Northing (m N)



sp. ‘SCH003’









TOBRC0023 379345 7599952 P2 Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’


MEARC4273 382991 7602721 P1 Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH004/004a’

1 T138502 Molecular Specimen likely from East Deepdale Site

MEARC4383 381850 7602435 P2 Scolopendromorpha Cryptopidae Cryptops sp. 'CHI002’

1 T138573 Molecular Potential SRE / Singleton

MEARC4273 382991 7602721 P1 Symphyla Scolopendrellidae Symphyla sp. 'SYM025'

1 T138524 Molecular Potential SRE / Singleton

MEARC4383 381850 7602435 P2 Thysanura Nicoletiidae Nicoletiinae sp. 'TN010'

1 90775 Molecular Widespread Species

MEARC3814 379907 7605517 P1 Thysanura Nicoletiidae Subnicoletiinae sp. 'TS005'

1 90768 Molecular Potential SRE


Cube:Current:1080 (Robe Valley Subterranean Fauna 2015):Documents:Warramboo Troglofauna:Troglofauna Rev A.docx

Appendix 3

Desktop Review: Troglobitic Fauna Species Lists and Conservation

Significance



Order Family Species Number

Collected ID method

Site Collection Year

Species status

Araneae Oonopidae Oonopidae sp. 'AO014' 1 Molecular DCBRC_017 2010 Potential SRE

Araneae Oonopidae Oonopidae sp. 'AO014' 1 Molecular DCBRC_040 2010 Potential SRE

Araneae Oonopidae Prethopalpus sp. 'B21' 1 Morphological DCBRC_089 2010 Potential SRE

Araneae Oonopidae Prethopalpus sp. 'B21' 2 Morphological MEARC4191 2010 Potential SRE

Cephalostigmata Indeterminate Symphyla sp. 'SYM025' 1 Molecular TOBRC0038 2010 Potential SRE

Cephalostigmata Scolopendrillidae Symphylella sp. 'B9' 1 Morphological COBRC0003 2010 Potential SRE




Cephalostigmata Scutigerellidae Hanseniella sp. 'B10' 1 Morphological COBRC0033 2010 Potential SRE

Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae sp. 'B10' 2 Morphological COBRC0007 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Japygidae Japygidae sp. 'B17' 2 Morphological COBRC0008 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Parajapygidae Parajapygidae sp. 'B14' 1 Morphological COBRC0003 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae new genus sp. ‘nov.’

1 Morphological MEA4318 2007 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae sp. 'B6' 1 Morphological DCBRC_001 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae sp. 'B6' 3 Morphological TOBRC0043 2010 Potential SRE

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’ 1 Molecular MEARC5044 2013 Widespread species

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’ 1 Molecular TOBRC0003 2013 Widespread species

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillo sp. 'B18' 2 Morphological DCBRC_0038 2010 Potential SRE


Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillo sp. 'B18' 1 Morphological TOBRC0044 2010 Potential SRE

Isopoda Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. 'ISP051' 1 Molecular RC12COB0002 2013 Potential SRE

Palpigradi Indeterminate Palpigradi sp. 'B6' 3 Morphological COBRC0022 2010 Potential SRE

Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus 1 Morphological COBRC0022 2013 Widespread species

Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus 1 Morphological MEA2999 2007 Widespread species


Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus 9 Morphological MEARC4329 2013 Widespread species



Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus 11 Morphological TOBRC0009 2013 Widespread species

Pseudoscorpiones Atemnidae Atemnidae sp. 'B2' 1 Morphological DCBRC_017 2010 Potential SRE

Pseudoscorpiones Chthoniidae Tyrannaochthonius sp. 'Warramboo'

1 Morphological MEADC2380 2005 Potential SRE




Collected ID method


Species status

Pseudoscorpiones Chthoniidae Tyrannochthonius basme 2 Morphological COBRC0010 2010 Potential SRE

Pseudoscorpiones Olpiidae Olpiidae sp. 'POL013' 1 Molecular COBRC0013 2010 Potential SRE

Pseudoscorpiones Syarinidae Ideoblothrus linnaei 1 Morphological and Molecular

MEA4316 2007 Conservation significant, Listed as Priority 1 in WA

Pseudoscorpiones Syarinidae Ideoblothrus sp. 'Mesa A' 1 Morphological MEA4063 2007 Conservation significant, Listed as Priority 1 in WA

Schizomida Hubbardiidae Draculoides anachoretus 1 Morphological and Molecular

MEA3092 2006 Conservation significant, Listed as Schedule 3 in WA.


MEADC2492 2007 Conservation significant, Listed as Schedule 3 in WA.


MEADC3188 2007 Conservation significant, Listed as Schedule 3 in WA.


MEARC2702 2005 Conservation significant, Listed as Schedule 3 in WA.









Schizomida Hubbardiidae Paradraculoides sp. ‘SCH003’ 4 Morphological and Molecular

MEADC2381 2005 Potential SRE

Scutigerida Cryptopidae Cryptopidae sp. 'CHI022' 1 Molecular COBRC0001 2010 Potential SRE

Scutigerida Cryptopidae Cryptops sp. 'B14' 1 Morphological COBRC0019 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Indeterminate Thysanura sp. 'T001' 1 Molecular TOBRC0055 2013 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Atelurodes sp. 'B2' 8 Morphological DCBRC_017 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Atelurodes sp. 'B2' 4 Morphological DCBRC_089 2010 Potential SRE




Collected ID method


Species status

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Hemitrinemura sp. 'B4' 1 Morphological COBRC0007 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Hemitrinemura sp. 'B4' 2 Morphological COBRC0016 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Trinemura sp. 'B10' 10 Morphological MEARC4191 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Trinemura sp. 'B11' 1 Morphological COBRC0019 2010 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Trinemura sp. ‘Mesa A1’ 2 Morphological MEARC3098 2005 Potential SRE

Zygentoma Nicoletiidae Trinemura sp. ‘T1’ 2 Morphological TOBRC0011 2013 Potential SRE

Cephalostigmata Indeterminate Symphyla sp. 'SYM025' 1 Molecular TOBRC0038 2010 Potential SRE





Cephalostigmata Scutigerellidae Hanseniella sp. 'B10' 1 Morphological COBRC0033 2010 Potential SRE

Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculionidae sp. 'B10' 2 Morphological COBRC0007 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Japygidae Japygidae sp. 'B17' 2 Morphological COBRC0008 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Parajapygidae Parajapygidae sp. 'B14' 1 Morphological COBRC0003 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae new genus sp. ‘nov.’

1 Morphological MEA4318 2007 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae sp. 'B6' 1 Morphological DCBRC_001 2010 Potential SRE

Diplura Projapygidae Projapygidae sp. 'B6' 3 Morphological TOBRC0043 2010 Potential SRE

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’ 1 Molecular MEARC5044 2013 Widespread species

Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillidae sp.’ISA009a/9b’ 1 Molecular TOBRC0003 2013 Widespread species



Isopoda Armadillidae Armadillo sp. 'B18' 1 Morphological TOBRC0044 2010 Potential SRE

Isopoda Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. 'ISP051' 1 Molecular RC12COB0002 2013 Potential SRE

Palpigradi Indeterminate Palpigradi sp. 'B6' 3 Morphological COBRC0022 2010 Potential SRE

Polyxenida Lophoproctidae Lophoturus madecassus 1 Morphological COBRC0022 2013 Widespread species




Appendix 4

Helix Molecular Solutions: Genetic Analysis Reports

Molecular systematics of subfauna from the Robe Valley

1

6 January, 2015

Jason Alexander

Biota Environmental Sciences

Level 1, 228 Carr Place

Leederville, WA 6007

Via email

Re. Report on the molecular systematics of subfauna from the Robe River Valley

Dear Jason,

Following is a summary of the results of the subfauna study we have completed on nine

taxonomic groups from the Robe River Valley. Fifty-five distinct genetic lineages were detected

among the seven groups for which sequences were obtained. The 55 lineages likely represent

between 51 and 54 species, only five of which have been detected previously in the Pilbara. A

further species matched a Genbank specimen of Coleoptera which does not appear to have

been recorded in Australia, although the family to which it belongs is well-represented.

Thanks once again for collaborating on this project with Helix. We hope we can continue to

provide you with useful information, and feel free to contact us if you have any questions or

would like to discuss the results in detail.

Sincerely,

Dr. Terrie Finston, Yvette Hitchen and Dr. Oliver Berry

Helix Molecular Solutions


2

Background and Objective

Two hundred and thirty specimens of subfauna (troglofauna and stygofauna) belonging to nine

taxonomic groups (Amphipoda, Chilopoda, Coleoptera, Diplopoda, Diplura, Isopoda,

Pseudoscorpiones, Schizomida, Thysanura) were collected from Robe River Valley and

sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial COXI gene. The molecular data were assessed in

order to determine the number of species present in each group and compare the results to

those obtained during previous surveys that have been undertaken for the these groups

elsewhere in the Pilbara.

Executive summary

Two hundred and thirty specimens from the Robe River Valley belonging to nine

taxonomic groups were sequenced for variation at the COI gene.

Fifty-five lineages were detected among the seven groups for which sequences were

obtained.

The 55 lineages likely represent between 51 and 54 species.

Five of the species have been detected previously in the Pilbara, whereas the

remainder appear to be new, based on the material available for comparison.

Methods

Two hundred and thirty-eight specimens of subfauna collected from the Robe River Valley area

were sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COXI)

using multiple pairs of primers (LCOI/HCO2, LCOI-long/HCO2-long, NemF1/NemR1 and

LCOI/CIN2341.

Sequences were edited using GENEIOUS software (Drummond et al. 2011). Alignment was

performed with CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al. 1994) using default parameters. Genetic distances

between unique genetic sequences (haplotypes) were measured using uncorrected p-

distances (total percentage of nucleotide differences between sequences).

MODELTEST software (Posada and Crandall, 1998) was used to determine the model of

sequence evolution that best fitted the data for each taxonomic group. Bayesian analysis was

used to construct the phylogenetic trees, incorporating the model as identified in MODELTEST

for each taxonomic group. The phylogeny, branch lengths and posterior probabilities were

obtained by running two trees simultaneously, each running four simultaneous MCMC chains.

The number of cycles needed was determined by the standard deviation of the split

frequencies of the two trees. The analysis was paused after every 1 x 106 generations and when

the standard deviation fell below 0.01, the analysis was stopped. A majority rule consensus tree

was constructed after discarding the “burn-in” trees in both analyses. The burn-in value was

determined by plotting the posterior probabilities obtained after every generation and

identifying the point at which the values reach stationarity (= the asymptote). Trees produced

prior to stationarity were discarded.

For the purposes of this report, lineages were defined as haplotypes or groups of haplotypes

differing from other such groups by >3% sequence divergence. This cut-off was selected based

on bar-coding data, which indicates that intra-specific variation rarely exceeds 3% (Hebert et

al., 2003b).

Results

Schizomids

Preliminary analysis - Reference sequences and outgroups

Ninety-one schizomids were sequenced from the Robe River Valley (Table 1). In order to reduce

analysis time and to simplify the presentation of results, a preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ)

analysis was conducted with the 91 Robe River Valley sequences to identify the number of

genetic lineages present. A representative from each lineage was analysed with 373 reference

sequences of schizomids from previous surveys in the Pilbara to compile a manageable and

relevant reference data set. The reference sequences were selected based on the criteria that

they showed ≤ 15% sequence divergence from at least one of the Robe River Valley lineages.


3

Ten distinct genetic lineages were identified (Figure 1) and a representative from each was

analysed in a model-based phylogenetic analysis with 26 reference specimens. Two

representatives were included from lineage 4 (lineage 4 and 4a) to more fully represent the

genetic variation within the lineage. A specimen of schizomid from the family Hubbardiidae,

Brignolozomus woodwardi (GenBank accession # EU272675) was used as an outgroup.

Phylogenetic analysis

The phylogenetic analysis, which included the ten Robe River Valley lineages, in addition to 26

reference specimens of schizomids, placed the Robe River Valley specimens in ten distinct

lineages, two of which (lineages 8 and 1) also contained reference specimens from a previous

survey at the Robe River Valley (Draculoides mesozeirus and P. bythius). A third Robe Valley

lineage (lineage 3) formed a close relationship with Paradraculoides sp. whereas the remaining

seven lineages were genetically distinct from the reference specimens as evidenced by long

branch lengths (Figure 2). Lineages 1 -4 formed a well-supported clade with five reference

specimens of Paradraculoides and lineages 7 – 9 formed a well-supported clade with the

reference specimen of Draculoides mesozeirus (Figure 2). Lineage 10 formed a well-supported

clade with specimens identified as Draculoides from the Pilbara, although no Genbank voucher

specimens were contained in the clade (Figure 2). Lineage 5 was highly distinct, and was

placed outside all of the clades containing Draculoides and Paradraculoides specimens (Figure

2).

Differentiation within and between lineages

Lineage 4 and 4a differed from one another by an average of 3.1% sequence divergence

(Table 2). Excluding the divergence within lineage 4, the ten lineages of schizomids detected at

the Robe River Valley differed from one another by between 5.8 and 18.0% mean sequence

divergence (Table 2). Individuals within each of the ten lineages differed from one another by

between 0.1 and 1.3% mean sequence divergence (Table 3).

Two of the ten lineages (8 and 1) differed from the closest reference lineage (D. mesozeirus and

P. bythius, respectively), collected during previous surveys at the Robe River Valley by <1%

sequence divergence (Table 4). Lineage 3 differed from the closest reference lineage

(Paradraculoides sp.) by 3.9% (Table 4). The remaining lineages differed from the nearest

reference specimens by >7% (Table 4).

Distribution of lineages

Two lineages (1 and 4/4a) were detected in multiple deposits (Table 5). Lineage 1 was

detected at Mesa B and C, and lineage 4/4a was detected at Mesas L, M and N, and

Highway and Tod bore (Table 5). Two deposits (Mesa B and Highway and Tod bore) contained

multiple lineages. Mesa B contained lineages 1 and 5, and Highway and Tod bore contained

lineages 3 and 4 (Table 5).

Amphipoda


Forty-seven specimens of amphipods from seven sites were sequenced from Robe Valley (Table

6). In order to reduce analysis time and to simplify the presentation of results, a preliminary

neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was conducted on the 25 Robe Valley amphipods for which

sequences were obtained, and haplotypes were selected from each genetic lineage to

include in a model-based phylogenetic analysis. Two sequences of the cladoceran genus

Daphnia were used as outgroups for both analyses as follows: Daphnia pulex (Genbank

accession number J150976) and Daphnia pulicaria (Genbank accession number JN233925).

The neighbour-joining analysis placed the 25 specimens of amphipods for which sequences

were obtained into eight lineages (Figure 3). Comparisons to the GenBank sequence database

indicated that six of the eight lineages (1 – 6) were most similar to sequences of Melitidae,

whereas two lineages (7, 8) were most similar to sequences of Niphargidae. The Melitidae

lineages contained between one and six specimens, and the putative Niphargidae lineages

contained between one and five specimens (Figure 3).

For the Melitidae, 20 reference sequences were included, two GenBank vouchers of Melitidae,

Norcapensis mandibularis (Genbank accession #JQ608487) and Nedsia sp. (Genbank


4

accession # EU304458) and 18 specimens of Melitidae detected in previous surveys of the Robe

River, Cape Range, Barrow Island and Ashburton River drainage basins.

For the Niphargidae, two reference sequences were included in the phylogenetic analysis, ,

Niphargus fontanus (Genbank accession #KC315635) and Niphargus glenniei (Genbank

accession # KC315646) as well as 19 specimens from previous surveys of the Central Pilbara,

Barrow Island, Lower Shaw River, Fortescue River, and Marillana Creek.


The phylogenetic analysis, revealed the presence of two distinct, well-supported clades, one

containing lineages 1-6 and reference specimens of Melitidae and one containing lineages 7

and 8 and reference specimens of Niphargidae (Figure 4). Two of the two Robe Valley

Melitidae lineages contained closely related reference specimens. Lineages 1 (IV126) and 2

(IV92) formed well-supported clades with reference specimens of Nedsia from a previous survey

in the Robe River Valley, rr3a and nr5mi well, respectively (Figure 4). Further, lineage 5 formed a

well-supported clade with specimens of Nedsia from Barrow Island and the Cape Range

peninsula, and lineages 7 and 8 formed a well-supported clade with each other and the two

Niphargus reference sequences (Figure 4).


The six lineages of Melitidae detected at Robe Valley differed from one another by between 6.7

and 15.6% mean sequence divergence and the two lineages of Niphargidae differed by 15.1%

sequence divergence (Table 7). Differentiation within the six melitid lineages averaged

between 0.0 and 1.8% sequence divergence and differentiation within Niphargidae lineage 8

averaged 0.5% sequence divergence (Table 8).

Robe Valley Melitidae lineage 1 differed from the closest reference lineage (rr3a-2b) by 2.7%

and Melitidae lineage 2 differed from the closest reference lineage (nr5miwell-d) by 0.2% (Table

9). The remaining lineages of Melitidae differed from the nearest reference lineages by

between 6.8 and 10.3% sequence divergence (Table 9). The two lineages of Niphargidae from

the Robe Valley differed from the reference lineages of Niphargus by between 19.0 and 21.3%

sequence divergence (Table 9).


Three of the eight lineages were detected at multiple sites (Table 10), Similarly, three of the six

sites contained multiple lineages- lineages 1, 2 and 8 were detected at Budgie, lineages 4, 7

and 8 were detected at Daves and lineages 3 and 5 were detected at MB13WARR (Table 10).

Chilopoda

Five specimens of Chilopoda from three deposits were sequenced (Table 11). Sequences were

obtained from four specimens and these were analysed with six Genbank vouchers from four

families of Chilopoda, Cryptopidae, Henicopidae, Geophilidae and Mecistocephalidae (in the

superfamily Geophilomorpha) as follows: Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (Genbank accession #

AY288745), Paralamyctes monteithi (Genbank accession # AF334321), Gnathoribautia bonensis

(Genbank accession # KF569297), Geophilus flavus (Genbank accession # JN306685),

Stenotaenia linearis (Genbank accession # KR736251), and Mecistocephalus multidentatus

(Genbank accession # AB610774) as well as 17 reference specimens of Chilopoda from nine

sites in the Pilbara. Two specimens of Onychophora, Metaperipatus inae (Genbank accession #

HQ453464) and Opisthopatus cinctipes (Genbank accession #NC014273) were used as

outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the four specimens from the Robe Valley in addition

to 23 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in two genetically distinct clades

(Figure 5). Three of the specimens (IV139- IV141) formed a well-supported lineage, which was

placed in a well-supported clade with Genbank specimens of Geophilomorpha (Geophilidae

and Mecistocephalidae; Figure 5). The fourth specimen (IV143) was placed in a well-supported


5

clade containing reference specimens from the Pilbara assigned to the genus Cryptops (Figure

5).


Robe Valley Chilopoda lineage 1 (specimens IV139 – IV141) differed from one another by

between 0.0 and 0.3% sequence divergence and from lineage 2 (IV143) by 22.8 – 22.9%

sequence divergence (Table 12). The Robe Valley specimens differed from the reference

specimens by between 18.0 and 28.1% sequence divergence (Table 12).


The Robe Valley Chilopoda lineage 1 was detected at deposit 2403A and lineage 2 was

detected at Highway/Tod bore (Table 13).

Coleoptera

Eleven specimens of Coleoptera from five drillholes at four sites were sequenced from the Robe

Valley (Table 14). The nine specimens for which sequences were obtained were analysed with

six Genbank voucher sequences of Coleoptera, selected on their similarity to the Robe Valley

specimens: Stricticollis tobias (Anthicidae; Genbank accession # KJ962132), Necrobia violacea

(Cleridae; Genbank accession #KJ961916), Pterostichus mutus (Carabidae; Genbank accession

#EU710801), Harpalus discrepans (Carabidae; HM180603), Trigonopterus sp (Curculionidae;

Genbank accession #HE615891), Echinodera ibleiensis (Curculionidae, Genbank accession

#GU213687) as well as 14 reference specimens of Coleoptera from six sites in the Pilbara. Two

specimens of Hemiptera (Nisia carolinensis Genbank accession #LC015451) and Lycorma

delicatula (Genbank accession #EU909203) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the nine specimens from the Robe Valley for which

sequences were obtained in addition to 20 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley

specimens in six genetically distinct lineages (Figure 9). The lineages contained between one

and four specimens (Figure 6). One of the Robe Valley lineages contained a closely related

reference specimen. Lineage 3 (IV153) contained the reference specimen of Stricticollis tobias

from the family Anthicidae (Figure 6). The remaining lineages did not show close relationships

with other reference specimens, however, most of them were placed in well-supported clades

containing reference specimens, allowing some tentative taxonomic assignments. Lineage 1

(IV151) formed a well-supported clade with specimens of Carabidae from Genbank and the

Pilbara, and lineages 4 and 5 (IV150 and IV152, respectively)formed a well-supported clade

with each other and the Genbank and reference sequences of Curculionidae (Figure 6).

Lineage 6 formed a well-supported clade containing Genbank specimens of Curculionidae as

well as Pilbara specimens of Curculionidae (Figure 9). The remaining lineage was less well

resolved. Lineage 2 formed a well-supported clade with Genbank reference specimens of both

Anthicidae and Cleridae (Figure 6).


The four specimens within lineage 2 were genetically identical (Table 15). The six Robe Valley

lineages differed from one another by between 3.2 and 27.1% sequence divergence (Table 15).

The Robe Valley lineages differed from the reference specimens by between 0.9 and 31.0%



The Robe Valley Coleoptera lineages were each detected in singe deposits (Table 16). Similarly,

each deposit contained a single lineage, except Highway/Tod which contained three lineages:

1, 3 and 5 (Table 16).

Diplopoda


6

Reference specimens and outgroups

Eleven specimens of Diplopoda assigned to the Polydesmida on the basis of morphology, were

sequenced (Table 17). Six specimens yielded a DNA sequence, however, the DNA appeared to

be contaminated with DNA from flies (muscomorpha).

Diplura


Seven specimens of Diplura from six drillholes at three deposits were sequenced (Table 18). The

five specimens for which sequences were obtained were analysed with 20 specimens of Diplura

from nine sites in the Pilbara belonging to four families: Anajapygidae, Japygidae,

Parajapygidae and Projapygidae, as well as four Genbank voucher specimens, Diplura sp.

(Genbank accession #HQ943342), Campodea tillyardi (Genbank accession # AF370844) and

Lepiodocampa weberi (Genbank accession #HQ882832) from the family Campodeidae and

Japyx solifugus (Genbank accession #AY771989) from the family Japygidae. The planthopper

Lycorma delicatula (Genbank accession # FJ456942) and a specimen of Fulgoridae (Hemiptera

sp.; Genbank accession #GU671563) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the five specimens of Diplura from Robe Valley in

addition to 24 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in four distinct lineages

(Figure 7). The Robe Valley specimens showed no close relationship to any of the reference

specimens, however, one (lineage 4) was placed in a well-supported clade containing the

Pilbara specimens of Parajapygidae and three (lineages 1, 2 and 3) were placed in a well-

supported clade containing the Genbank reference specimens of Campodeidae (Figure 7).


The two specimens from the Robe Valley in lineage 3 differed from one another by 0.6%

sequence divergence (Table 19). The Robe Valley lineages of putative Campodeidae differed

from one another by between 4.7 and 15.3% sequence divergence and from the nearest

reference specimen (Campodea tillyardi) by 21.4 to 22.2% sequence divergence (Table 19).

The Robe Valley specimen of Parajapygidae differed from the nearest reference specimen

(BX29 from Murrays Hill) by 17.5% sequence divergence (Table 19).


The Robe Valley Diplura lineages were each detected in singe deposits (Table 20). Mesa C

contained a single lineage (lineage 4), however Mesa B contained three lineages: 1, 2 and 3

(Table 20). Two lineages, 1 and 2, were found in the same drillhole at Mesa B (Table 20).

Isopoda

Preliminary analysis, reference specimens and outgroups

Twenty-seven specimens of Isopoda were sequenced from 17 drillholes at six deposits at Robe

Valley (Table 21). Fifteen specimens yielded a DNA sequence. In order to reduce analysis time

and to simplify the presentation of results, a preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was

conducted on the 15 Robe Valley isopods for which sequences were obtained, and haplotypes

were selected from each genetic lineage to include in a model-based phylogenetic analysis.

Ten distinct genetic lineages were detected in the NJ analysis (Figure 8), and the ten

representatives were analysed in a model-based phylogenetic analysis with 35 reference

specimens of both aquatic and terrestrial Isopoda from Genbank and 14 sites in the Pilbara.

While the specimens were collected from troglofauna traps, a search of similar sequences on

Genbank and in the Helix database indicated the specimens were most closely matched with

Haloniscus, Burmoniscus and Armadillidium, the former of which is an aquatic genus. It should

be noted however, that Haloniscus is considered to be a terrestrial isopod living in aquatic

habitats (Bayley and Ellis, 1969). Hence we included Genbank voucher specimens of both

aquatic and terrestrial isopods: Pygolabis sp. 1 (Genbank accession # EU107646) and Pygolabis


7

sp. 4 (Genbank accession #EU107664), Haloniscus sp. 10 (Genbank accession #EU364592),

Halonsicus sp. 12 (Genbank accession #EU364601), Halonsicus sp. 21 (Genbank accession

#EU364622) Laevophiloscia yalgoorensis (Genbank accession #EU364629), Armadillidium

nasatum (Genbank accession #FN824099) and Burmoniscus sp. (Genbank accession

#AB626254). Two specimens of the shrimp Stygiocaris, S. stylifera (Genbank accession

#EU123818) and S. lancifera (Genbank accession #EU123826) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the ten representatives from Robe Valley in addition

to 35 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in ten distinct lineages (Figure 9).

One of the lineages (lineage 9a; IV181) also contained a reference specimen from Mesa A

(Figure 9). Lineage 9a in turn, formed a well-supported clade with lineage 8 and 9b (Figure 9).

The remaining lineages did not show close relationships with any of the reference specimens,

however lineages 1 and 2 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with two

lineages from Buckland Hills and Red Hill (Figure 9). Lineages 3 and 4 formed a poorly supported

clade with the clade containing lineages 1 and 2 (Figure 9). Lineages 5, 6, and 7 formed a well-

supported clade with specimens of Troglarmadillo from the Pilbara (Figure 9).


The Robe Valley lineages of Isopoda differed from one another by a mean of 3.7 to 25.9%

sequence divergence (Table 22). Differentiation within lineages ranged from a mean of 0.1 to

2.5% sequence divergence (Table 23). The Robe valley lineages differed from the reference

specimens by between 1.2 and 30.1% sequence divergence (Table 24). In particular, lineages

9a and 9b differed from IE45 (a Mesa A reference specimen) by 1.2 to 3.8% sequence

divergence (Table 24). The remaining Robe Valley lineages differed from the reference lineages

by >12% (Table 24).


The Robe Valley Isopoda lineages were each detected in singe deposits (Table 24). Mesa B

contained three lineages: 4, 5 and 8, and Highway/Tod bore contained four lineages: 6, 7, 9a

and 9b (Table 25). One drillhole, TOBRC0020 at Highway/Tod bore contained two lineages, 6

and 7 (Table 25).

Pseudoscorpions

Reference sequences and outgroups

Twenty-six pseudoscorpions were sequenced from 16 drillholes at seven deposits at Robe Valley

(Table 26). In order to reduce analysis time and to simplify the presentation of results, a

preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was conducted on the 18 Robe Valley

pseudoscorpions for which sequences were obtained, and haplotypes were selected from

each genetic lineage to include in a model-based phylogenetic analysis. Fifteen distinct

genetic lineages were detected in the NJ analysis (Figure 10), and the 15 representatives were

analysed in a model-based phylogenetic analysis with selected reference specimens. A search

of similar sequences on Genbank and in the Helix database indicated that four of the lineages

(9 – 12) most closely matched the family Chthoniidae and 11 of the lineages most closely

matched Helix database specimens of Hyiidae and a Genbank specimen of Atemnidae. Based

on those results, GenBank voucher sequences were included as reference sequences of

Hyiidae (one specimen) and Atemnidae (one specimen) as follows: Indohya sp JM 2008

(Genbank accession # EU559564) and Paratemnoides sumatranus (GenBank accession #

JN018204). In addition, as local references, seven specimens of Hyiidae from seven sites in the

Pilbara and 22 specimens of Chthoniidae from 11 sites were included in the analysis. Sequences

of the scorpion Pandinus imperator (Genbank accession # AY1565821) and harvestman spider

Siro rubens (Genbank accession # DQ5131111) were used as outgroups.

Phylogenetic analyses

Two phylogenetic analyses were conducted, one for the Chthoniidae and one for the

Hyiidae/Atemnidae. The phylogenetic analysis of the Chthoniidae, which included the four

Chthoniidae lineages from Robe Valley, in addition to 25 reference specimens, placed the


8

Robe Valley specimens in four distinct genetic lineages (Figure 11). The Robe Valley

Chthoniidae lineages did not show close relationships to any of the reference specimens,

however lineages 9 and 10 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with six

specimens of Chthoniidae from the Red Hill and Ophthalmia (Figure 11). Similarly, lineages 11

and 12 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with a specimen of Chthoniidae

from Red Hill (Figure 11).

The phylogenetic analysis of the Hyiidae and Atemnidae, which included the 11 lineages from

Robe Valley, in addition to nine reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in 11

distinct genetic lineages (Figure 12). Lineages 1 – 8 were placed in a clade containing the

Pilbara and Genbank reference specimens of Hyiidae (Figure 12). The Robe Valley Hyiidae

lineages did not show close relationships to any of the reference specimens, however lineages

3 and 4 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with two specimens of Hyiidae

from the Central Pilbara and Hardey River (Figure 12). Similarly, lineages 6, 7 and 8 formed a

well-supported clade with one another and with a specimen of Hyiidae from Buckland Hills

(Figure 12). The remaining Hyiidae lineages were poorly resolved (Figure 12). Lineages 13 – 15

formed a well-supported clade with one another and with the Genbank specimen of

Atemnidae (Figure 12).


The fifteen lineages of pseudoscorpions from the Robe Valley differed from one another by

between a mean of 3.8 and 29.5% sequence divergence (Table 27). Variation within lineages

ranged from between a mean of 0.1 and 1.2% sequence divergence (Table 28). The four

lineages of Chthoniidae from the Robe Valley differed from one another by between a mean

of 10.5 and 22.6% sequence divergence (Table 27), and from the reference specimens of

Chthoniidae by between 14.4 and 29.6% sequence divergence (Table 29). The eight lineages of

Hyiidae from the Robe Valley differed from one another by between a mean of 3.8 and 26.5%

sequence divergence (Table 27), and from the reference specimens of Hyiidae by between

11.3 and 34.9% sequence divergence (Table 30). The three lineages of Atemnidae differed from

one another by between a mean of 7.6 and 14.6% sequence divergence (Table 27) and from

the reference specimens of Atemnidae by between 18.0 and 19.8% sequence divergence

(Table 30).


The Robe Valley pseudoscorpion lineages were each detected in singe deposits (Table 31).

Only two of the 15 lineages were detected in more than one bore – Chthoniidae lineage 11

and Atemnidae lineage 15 were both detected in two bores (Table 31). Deposits Mesa B, 2402D

and 2403A each contained three lineages and Highway/Tod bore and 2402E each contained

two lineages, whereas two deposits, Mesa L and 2401A contained single lineages (Table 31).

Thysanura


Four specimens of Thysanura were sequenced from three bores at two deposits (Table 32).

None of the specimens yielded a DNA sequence.

Conclusions

COXI is widely considered to show suitable variation to distinguish species (Hebert et al., 2003a).

In a comparison of COXI sequences for over 13,000 pairs of taxa, Hebert et al (2003b) found a

mean of 11.1% sequence divergence between distinct species. Nearly 80% of the comparisons

showed that species pairs differed from one another by greater than 8% sequence divergence.

Schizomida

Previous analyses of genetic variation between morphologically distinct species of Schizomida

can be used as a genetic ‘yardstick’ to interpret the current data set. The five described

species of Paradraculoides (Harvey et al, 2008) differ from one another by between 8.4 to 12.1%

sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances; calculated by us from the Harvey et al., 2008


9

data). Similarly, the four described species of Draculoides differ from one another by between

4.5 to 13.7% sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances calculated by us from Harvey et

al., 2008).

Ten genetically distinct lineages of schizomids were detected at the Robe River Valley. The ten

lineages differed from one another by >approximately 6% sequence divergence, thus each is

likely to represent a distinct species. Variation within lineage 4 (between lineages 4 and 4a) is

slightly higher than would be expected within a single species, and this is likely due to

geographic separation between Mesa L, where lineage 4a was detected, and Highway and

Tod bore and Mesas M and N, where lineage 4 was detected. Thus lineages 4 and 4a may

represent incipient species, or a single species showing differentiation due to limited sampling or

the poor dispersal ability of the group. We suggest the latter conclusion of a single species is

more likely, however, sampling additional specimens from intermediate areas may help resolve

this.

Two of the lineages, 1 and 8, corresponded to previously described species, P. bythius and D.

mesozeirus, respectively. A third lineage (3) may correspond to a third described species,

Paradraculoides sp. OFB 2008, although the genetic distance between the specimens from the

present study and the reference specimen was somewhat higher than is generally observed

between individuals of the same species. Thus lineage 3 and Paradraculoides sp. may represent

incipient species, or a single species showing differentiation due to limited sampling or the poor

dispersal ability of the group. Morphological evidence or sampling additional specimens from

intermediate areas may help resolve this relationship. The remaining seven lineages appear to

be new, based on the material available for comparison. Lineages 1 – 4 are likely to belong to

the genus Paradraculoides and lineages 7 – 9 are likely to belong to the genus Draculoides.

Lineage 10 may also belong to the genus Draculoides, although more voucher sequences are

needed for this genus.

Amphipoda

Eight genetically distinct lineages of amphipods were detected at the Robe River Valley. The

eight lineages differed from one another by > 6% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to

represent a distinct species. Six of the species are Melitidae, and two show the greatest similarity

to sequences of Niphargidae. Lineages 1-5 were placed in the large clade containing

reference specimens of Nedsia and thus are all likely to belong to that genus. Lineage 6 was

placed outside the Nedsia clade and may represent a different genus of Melitidae. Two of the

Nedsia species have been detected previously in the Robe Valley (lineages 1 and 2), based on

their high genetic similarity to reference sequences (<3% sequence divergence). In contrast, the

remaining four Melitidae lineages and the two Niphargidae lineages differed from the nearest

reference lineages by >7% sequence divergence and thus appear to be new, based on the

material available for comparison.

Chilopoda

Two genetically distinct lineages of Chilopoda were detected at the Robe River Valley. The two

lineages differed from one another by > 20% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to

represent a distinct species. Neither showed close genetic relationships to reference specimens,

differing from the references by >18.0% sequence divergence, thus both species are likely to be

new, based on the material available for comparison. Lineage 1 was placed with the

Geophilomorpha, and lineage 2 was placed with specimens of the genus Cryptops.

Coleoptera

Six genetically distinct lineages of Coleoptera were detected at Robe Valley. Two of the

lineages, 4 and 5, differed from one another by 3.2% sequence divergence. As they were

detected at different deposits, it is likely that they represent a single species, which shows

genetic differentiation due to the geographic distance between deposits. The remaining

lineages differ from one another by ≥ 19% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to represent

a distinct species. With one exception, the lineages detected at Robe Valley differ from the

reference lineages by >10% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to represent a new

species, which has so far not been detected, based on the material available for comparison.

Only lineage 3 showed a close relationship to a reference specimen. Lineage 3 showed <1%

sequence divergence from the Genbank specimen of Stricticollis tobias in the family Anthicidae


10

and the subfamily Anthicinae. While we could find no record of this species in Australia, the

subfamily is well-represented, with 18 genera recorded from Australia (Australian Faunal

Directory).

Diplopda

None of the Diplopoda specimens yielded a useable DNA sequence.

Diplura

Four distinct genetic lineages of Diplura were detected at Robe Valley. The four lineages

differed from one another by a mean of >5%, thus each is likely to represent a distinct species.

While the genetic distance between lineages 2 and 3 is moderately low (mean=5%), both

lineages were detected at Mesa B, although in different drillholes, indicating there are barriers

to gene flow between the two lineages over short geographic distances, supporting the notion

that they are separate species. Sampling of intermediate sites may help resolve the relationship

between lineages 2 and 3. All four lineages differ from the reference specimens by >20% and

thus appear to be new, based on the material available for comparison. Three of the lineages

(1 – 3) may belong to the Dipluran family Campodeidae, which is represented in Australia by

four genera, and one lineage (4) likely belongs to the Parajapygidae family.

Isopoda

Ten distinct genetic lineages of Isopoda were detected at Robe Valley. Two of the lineages, 9a

and 9b differed from one another by a mean of 3.7%, which, while low, is higher than is typically

observed between members of the same species. Both lineages were detected at the

Highway/Tod bore deposit, although in different drillholes, indicating there are barriers to gene

flow between the two lineages over short geographic distances, re-enforcing the notion of

separate species. Sampling of intermediate sites may help resolve the relationship between

lineages 9a and 9b. One of the lineages, 9b, was detected previously at Mesa A. The

remaining lineages differ from the reference specimens by >12% and thus appear to be new,

based on the material available for comparison. Three of the lineages (5 - 7) may belong to the

genus Troglarmadillo, as they were placed in a large clade containing reference specimens of

that genus, whereas the remaining lineages could not be given taxonomic assignments, owing

to their distant relationships to reference taxa.

Pseudoscorpiones

Fifteen distinct genetic lineages of pseudoscorpions were detected at Robe Valley, four

Chthoniidae, eight Hyiidae and three putative Atemnidae. The four lineages of Chthoniidae

differed from one another by >10% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to represent a

distinct species. Further, the four Chthoniidae lineages from Robe Valley differed from the

reference specimens by >14%, indicating that the four are likely to be new species that have so

far not been detected in the Pilbara, based on the material available for comparison.

The three putative lineages of Atemnidae differed from one another by >7% sequence

divergence, thus each is likely to represent a distinct species. There are currently no DNA

sequences of Atemnidae from other sites in the Pilbara available for comparison, thus we assign

it tentatively to this family, and no conclusions can be reached regarding the broader

distributions of these species. However, a new species of Anatemnus was recently described

from the Pilbara, and four other species in the family are known from Australia (Alexander et al.,

2014).

With two exceptions, the eight lineages of Hyiidae differed from one another by >13% sequence

divergence. Two of the lineages, 3 and 4, differed from one another by a mean of 3.8%, which,

while low, is higher than is typically observed between members of the same species. The two

lineages were detected at different deposits, 2402D and 2402E, thus the observed genetic

differentiation may reflect the poor dispersal abilities of this group. Sampling of intermediate

sites may help resolve the relationship between lineages 3 and 4. In contrast, lineages 1 and 2

differed by approximately 5% sequence divergence, but both were detected at Mesa B,

indicating that there are barriers to gene flow, over a relatively short geographic distance, and

supporting the notion that the two should be considered separate species. However, sampling

of intermediate sites may help resolve the relationship between the two lineages. The eight


11

lineages differ from the reference specimens by >13% and thus appear to be new, based on

the material available for comparison.

Summary

Fifty-five lineages from seven taxonomic groups were detected at Robe Valley, as shown

below. The 55 lineages likely represent 51 - 54 species. Five of the species have been detected

previously in the Pilbara, and one matched a Genbank sequence of a species apparently not

recorded from Australia, although the family to which it belongs is well-represented. The

remaining species at Robe Valley are likely to be new, based on the material available for

comparison.

The failure rate was somewhat higher than usual with this project. In addition to our inability to

produce amplification products from some specimens (e.g. Thysanura), of those that did

amplify, some sequences were contaminated with foreign DNA - flies, even human. This

happens when there isn't enough target DNA to out-amplify contaminants.

Schizomida

Ten lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to ten species. Two of the

species have been detected previously in the Pilbara (P. bythius and D. mesozeirus), and a third

shows moderate genetic similarity to Paradraculoides sp. OFB 2008 and requires further

investigation, while the remaining seven appear to be new, based on the material available for

comparison.

Amphipoda

Eight lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to eight species. Two of the

species have been detected previously in the Pilbara (undescribed Melitidae, possibly Nedsia),

while the remaining six appear to be new, based on the material available for comparison.

Chilopoda

Two lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to two species. Neither of the

species has been detected previously in the Pilbara, based on the material available for

comparison.

Coleoptera

Six lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to five species. One of the

species matched a Genbank sequence of a species apparently not recorded from Australia

(Stricticollis tobias from the family Anthicidae), although the family is well-represented in

Australia. The remaining four species are likely to be new, based on the material available for

comparison.

Diplopoda

No clean sequences were obtained from the specimens of Polydesmida.

Diplura

Four lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to four species. None of the

species have been detected previously in the Pilbara, based on the material available for

comparison.

Isopoda

Ten lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to nine or ten species. One of

the species has been detected previously at Mesa A, whereas the remainder appear to be

new, based on the material available for comparison.

Pseudoscorpiones

Fifteen lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to 13 - 15 species. None of

the species have been detected previously in the Pilbara, based on the material available for

comparison.

Thysanura

No sequences were obtained from the specimens of Thysanura.


12

References

Alexander, J. B. , Burger M. A.A., and Harvey, M.S. (2014). A new species of troglobitic

Anatemnus (Pseudoscorpiones: Atemnidae) from the Pilbara bioregion of Australia.

Records of the Western Australian Museum 29: 141 – 148.

Australian Faunal Directory. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-

resources/. Accessed 27 Dec., 2015.

Bayly, I. A.E, Ellis p. (1969). Haloniscus searlei chilton: An aquatic “terrestrial” isopod with

remarkable powers of osmotic regulation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 31:

523-528

Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Duran C, Field M, Heled J, Kearse M,

Markowitz S, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A (2011) Geneious v5.4,

http://www.geneious.com/

Harvey, M. S., Berry, O. Edward, K. L., Humphreys, G. (2008) Molecular and morphological

systematics of hypogean schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) in semiarid Australia.

Invertebrate Systematics 22: 167-194.

Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., deWaard J.R. (2003a). Biological identifications through

DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 313-321.

Hebert, P.D.N., Ratnasingham, S., deWaard J.R. (2003b). Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c

oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal

Society of London B (supplement) 270: S96-S99.

Helix Molecular Solutions (2015). Report on the molecular systematics of Schizomida from The

Robe River Valley. Prepared for Biota Environmental Sciences, 5 February.

Posada, D., Crandall, K.A. (1998). MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.

Bioinformatics 14: 817-818.

Thompson, J., Higgins, D., and Gibson, T. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of

progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific

gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673–4680.

doi:10.1093/nar/ 22.22.4673


13

Table 1. Specimens of Schizomida used in the present study and the lineage to which they were

assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data.

Phase Tracking Number Cap # Helix ID Lineage

P1 2402eUnk03-20150809-T1-01 343 IV01 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 2402EUNK05T3-01 672 IV02 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus


P1 2402eUNK09-T3-01 651 IV04 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus


P1 2402EUNK13T2-01 692 IV06 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 Budgie20150604-06

STYGO

CAP 11 IV07 Lin 2

P1 DD11MEB001T3-02 683 IV08 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 DD14MEL0001-t2-01 759 IV09 Lin 4a

P1 DD14MEM0001T2-03 525 IV10 Lin 4

P1 DD14MEN0001-20150808-T2-02 580 IV11 Lin 4

P1 DD14MRR0004-t2-01 782 IV12 Lin 7

P1 DD14MRR0005-T1-01 604 IV13 Lin 7

P1 DD14MRR0005-T1-01 IV14 Lin 7

P1 DD14MRR0005-T2-03 775 IV15 Lin 7

P1 DD14MRR007-20150808-T2-01 439 IV16 Lin 6

P1 DD14MRR007-20150808-T1-02 446 IV17 Lin 6

P1 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T3-01 494 IV18 Lin 6

P1 DD14MRR009-20150808-T2-02 572 IV19 Lin 6

P1 M2ERC0039-20150809-T1-01 386 IV20 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 M2ERC0039-20150809-T1-01 IV21 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 M2ERC027-t2-01 761 IV22 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 M2ERC027-t2-01 IV23 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus



P1 M2ERC053-t1-01 IV26 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 M2ERC0053-T2-02 777 IV27 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 M2ERC0053-T2-02 IV28 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P1 MEARC3790.20150606-01 3 IV29 Lin 3

P1 MEARC3790.20150606-01 IV30 Lin 3

P1 MEARC3790.20150606-01 IV31 Lin 3

P1 MEARC3790.20150606-01 IV32 Lin 3

P1 MEARC3790-20150807-T1-01 409 IV33 Lin 3

P1 MEARC3811-20150807-T1-01 389 IV34 Lin 3

P1 MEARC4273-t1-01 756 IV35 Lin 4

P1 MEARC4400-t1-02 766 IV36 Lin 3

P1 MEBRC0027T2-01 673 IV37 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 MEBRC0027T2-01 IV38 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 MEBRC0027T3-01 675 IV39 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 MELUnk02-t2-01 757 IV40 Lin 4

P1 MELUnk02-t2-01 IV41 Lin 4

P1 MELUNK03-t1-01 758 IV42 Lin 4


14

P1 MELUNK06-201508-T2-01 366 IV43 Lin 4

P1 MELUNK06-20150809-T1-01 372 IV44 Lin 4

P1 MELUNK07-20150809-T2-02 469 IV45 Lin 4

P1 MELUNK09T1-01 693 IV46 Lin 4

P1 Melunk10-t1-01 789 IV47 Lin 4

P1 Melunk10-t1-01 IV48 Lin 4

P1 RC13MEN0005-20150808-T1-01 472 IV49 Lin 4

P1 RC13MEN0005-20150808-T1-01 IV50 Lin 4

P1 RC13MRR0014-t1-01 788 IV51 Lin 9

P1 RC13MRR0026-t2-01 780 IV52 Lin 7

P1 RC13MRR0051T2-01 688 IV53 Lin 9

P1 RC13MRR0051T2-01 IV54 Lin 9

P1 RC13MRR0077-T1-02 717 IV55 Lin 9

P1 RC14MEB0071-01 751 IV56 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 RC14MEB0081-t2-01 771 IV57 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 RC14MEB0081-t2-01 IV58 Lin 1= P. bythius

P2 2402EUNK05-20151002-T1-01 423 IV59 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P2 2402EUNK11-20151002-T2-01 302 IV60 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P2 DD14MEC0002-20150929-T3-03 508 IV61 Lin 1= P. bythius

P2 DD14MEC0002-20150929-T3-03 IV62 Lin 1= P. bythius

P2 DD14MEL0002-20151001-T2-01 646 IV63 Lin 4

P2 DD14MEL0002-20151001-T2-01 IV64 Lin 4

P2 DD14MEL0002-20151001-T2-01 IV65 Lin 4

P2 DD14MEM0001-20151001-T1-01 601 IV66 Lin 4

P2 DD14MEM0002-20151001-T2-01 611 IV67 Lin 4

P2 DD14MEM0003-20151001-T1-01 541 IV68 Lin 4

P2 DD14MRR0008-20151002-T3-01 449 IV69 Lin 6

P2 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T2-01 432 IV70 Lin 6

P2 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T3-03 439 IV71 Lin 6

P2 M2ERC0057-20151002-T2-01 407 IV72 Lin 8= D. mesozeirus

P2 MEARC3790-20150930-T1-01 486 IV73 Lin 3

P2 MELUNK02-20151001-T1-01 624 IV74 Lin 4

P2 MELUNK02-20151001-T1-01 IV75 Lin 4

P2 MELUNK11-20151001-T2-01 653 IV76 Lin 4

P2 RC13MRR0026-20151002-T2-02 395 IV77 Lin 7

P2 RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-02 133 IV78 Lin 1

P2 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-01 203 IV79 Lin 5

P2 RC14MEB0150-20151001-T2-01 38 IV80 Lin 1= P. bythius

P2 RC14MRR0017-20151002-T2-01 380 IV81 Lin 10

P2 TOBRC0023-20151001-T1-01 31 IV82 Lin 3

P1 DD11MEC0003T2-01 685 IV83 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 DD11MEC0003T2-01 IV84 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 DD11MEC0003T3-01 686 IV85 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 DD11MEC0003T3-01 IV86 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 DD14MEC001-20150810-T1-01 559 IV87 Lin 1= P. bythius


15

P1 MERC0114-T3-01 600 IV88 Lin 1= P. bythius

P1 MERC0114-T2-04 604

P1 Nonumber-t1-01 792 IV89 Lin 4

P1 Nonumber-t1-01 IV90 Lin 4

P1 Nonumber-t2-01 793 IV91 Lin 4

Table 2. Mean genetic distance (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue)

between lineages of Schizomida detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 1.

lineage 1 2 3 4 4a 5 6 7 8 9 10

lin 1

0.007 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.010

lin 2 0.065

0.007 0.009 0.008 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.011

lin 3 0.080 0.058

0.009 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.010

lin 4 0.105 0.104 0.096

0.005 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011

Lin 4a 0.113 0.097 0.099 0.031 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.011

lin 5 0.158 0.144 0.140 0.149 0.150

0.015 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.012

lin 6 0.161 0.149 0.141 0.147 0.151 0.169

0.010 0.012 0.012 0.011

lin 7 0.161 0.153 0.157 0.141 0.144 0.170 0.087

0.009 0.011 0.011

lin 8 0.155 0.141 0.142 0.131 0.135 0.157 0.081 0.065

0.012 0.010

lin 9 0.159 0.147 0.139 0.130 0.136 0.180 0.123 0.122 0.117 0.011

lin 10 0.150 0.143 0.139 0.148 0.151 0.172 0.145 0.155 0.148 0.167

Table 3. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Schizomida detected in

the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 1 and the number (N) of individuals assigned to that lineage.

n/c = not calculated, for groups where n=1. Rep=individual selected to represent the lineage in

the model-based analysis.

Lineage D s.e. N rep

lin 1 0.007 0.002 18 IV61

lin 2 n/c n/c 1 IV07

lin 3 0.011 0.002 9 IV82

lin 4 0.008 0.001 26 IV76

lin 4a n/c n/c 1 IV09


lin 6 0.001 0.001 7 IV17

lin 7 0.002 0.001 6 IV14

lin 8 0.005 0.001 18 IV27

lin 9 0.013 0.004 4 IV55


Table 4. (attached). Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal,

in blue) between specimens of Schizomida detected at Robe Valley and the reference

lineages as shown in Figure 2.


16

Table 5. Distribution of the eight Schizomida lineages detected in the present study.

Lineage drillholes deposits

1 DD11MEB001, DD11MEC0003,

DD14MEC001, DD14MEC002,

MEBRC0027, MERC0114, RC14MEB0029,

RC14MEB0071, RC14MEB0081,

RC14MEB0150

Mesa B, Mesa

C

2 Budgie20150604 Waramboo

3 MEARC3790, MEARC3811, MEARC4400,

TOBRC0023,

Highway and

Tod bore

4 DD14MEL0002, DD14MEM0001,

DD14MEM0002, DD14MEM0003,

DD14MEN0001, MEARC4273,

MELUNK02, MELUNK03, MELUNK06,

MELUNK07, MELUNK09, MELUNK10,

MELUNK11, nonumber, RC13MEN0005

Mesa L, Mesa

M, Mesa N,

Highway and

Tod bore

4a DD14MEL0001 Mesa L

5 RC14MEB0060 Mesa B

6 DD14MRR007, DD14MRR008,

DD14MRR009

2402D

7 DD14MRR004, DD14MRR005,

DD14MRR0026,

2402A

8 M2ERC0027, M2ERC0039, M2ERC0049,

M2ERC0053, M2ERC0057, 2402EUNK03,

2402EUNK05, 2402EUNK08, 2402EUNK09,

2402EUNK11, 2402EUNK13

2402E

9 RC13MRR0014, RC13MRR0051 2403D

10 RC14MRR0017 2401A

Table 6. Specimens of Amphipoda used in the present study and the lineage to which they

were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data

Phase Tracking number Cap no. Helix ID Lineage

P1 Budgie.20150604-02 7 IV92 Lineage 2

P1 Budgie.20150604-02 IV93 Lineage 1



P1 Budgie.20150604-02 IV96 nd

P1 Camp-20150604-02 15 IV97 nd

P1 Camp-20150604-02 IV98 nd

P1 Daisy-20150604-02 13 IV99 nd

P1 Daves-20150604-01 1 IV100 Lineage 8

P1 Daves-20150604-01 IV101 nd

P1 Daves-20150604-01 IV102 nd

P1 Daves-20150604-01 IV103 nd

P1 Daves-20150604-01 IV104 Lineage 8

P1 MB13WARR001-20150605-01 20 IV105 Lineage 5

P1 MB13WARR001-20150605-01 IV106 Lineage 5





17

P1 MB13WARR010.20150606-01 18 IV110 nd

P1 MB13WARR010.20150606-01 IV111 Lineage 3


P1 MB13WARR010.20150606-01 IV113 nd


P1 TOBRC009-20150605-01 19 IV115 nd

P1 TOBRC009-20150605-01 IV116 nd

P1 TOBRC009-20150605-01 IV117 nd

P1 TOBRC009-20150605-01 IV118 nd

P1 TOBRC009-20150605-01 IV119 nd

P1 Budgie-20150930-01 7 IV120 Lineage 1

P1 Budgie-20150930-01 IV121 Lineage 1

P1 Budgie-20150930-01 IV122 nd

P1 Budgie-20150930-01 IV123 Lineage 1

P1 Budgie-20150930-01 IV124 nd

P2 Camp-20150930-02 14 IV125 Lineage 1

P2 Camp-20150930-02 IV126 Lineage 1

P2 Daisy-201509-02 12 IV127 Lineage 2

P2 DAVES-20150930-04 4 IV128 Lineage 4

P2 DAVES-20150930-04 IV129 Lineage 7


P2 DAVES-20150930-04 IV131 nd


P2 RC13MEA0279-20150930-02 17 IV133 nd

P2 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 18 IV134 Lineage 6

P2 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 IV135 nd

P2 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 IV136 nd

P2 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 IV137 nd

P2 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 IV138 nd

Table 7. Mean genetic distance (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue)

between lineages of Amphipoda detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 3.

Lineage lin 1 lin 2 lin 3 lin 4 lin 5 lin 6 lin 7 lin 8

lin 1 0.009 0.010 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.016 0.017

lin 2 0.067 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.016 0.018

lin 3 0.086 0.075 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.016

lin 4 0.099 0.107 0.107 0.011 0.012 0.017 0.017

lin 5 0.137 0.138 0.147 0.143 0.013 0.016 0.017

lin 6 0.145 0.145 0.148 0.149 0.156 0.017 0.017

lin 7 0.286 0.281 0.279 0.289 0.290 0.264 0.012

lin 8 0.304 0.300 0.298 0.321 0.300 0.298 0.151

Table 8. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Amphipoda detected in





18


lin 1 0.011 0.003 6 IV126

lin 2 0.001 0.001 2 IV92

lin 3 0.001 0.001 3 IV111

lin 4 0.000 0.000 2 IV128

lin 5 0.018 0.003 5 IV108



lin 8 0.005 0.002 5 IV100

Table 9 (attached). Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal,

in blue) between specimens of Amphipoda detected at Robe Valley and the reference


Table 10. Distribution of the eight Amphipoda lineages detected in the present study.


1 Budgie, Camp Waramboo

2 Budgie, Daisy Waramboo

3 MB13WARR010 Waramboo

4 Daves Waramboo

5 MB13WARR001 Waramboo

6 TOBRC009 Highway and Tod bore

7 Daves Waramboo

8 Budgie, Daves Waramboo

Table 11. Specimens of Chilopoda used in the present study and the lineage to which they

were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data.


P1 DD14MRR0004T1-01 694 IV139 Lineage 1


P1 DD14MRR0005-T1-04 607 IV141 Lineage 1

P2 DD14MEL0001-20151001-T1-01 632 IV142 nd

P2 MEARC4383-20151001-T2-01 217 IV143 Lineage 2


in blue) between specimens of Chilopoda detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages

as shown in Figure 5.

Table 13. Distribution of the two Chilopoda lineages detected in the present study.


1 DD14MRR0004, DD14MRR0005 2304A

2 MEARC4383 Highway/Tod bore

Table 14. Specimens of Coleoptera used in the present study and the lineage to which they

were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene.

Phase Drillhole Cap no. Helix ID Lineage


P1 DD14MRR0004T1-03

IV145 Lineage 2


19

P1 DD14MRR0004T1-03

IV146 Lineage 2

P1 DD14MRR0004T1-03

IV147 Lineage 2

P1 DD14MRR009-20150808-T3-01 562 IV148 Lineage 6

P1 RC14MEB0068-20150807-T1-02 424 IV149 nd

P2 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-02 204 IV150 Lineage 4

P1 MEARC3814-20150807-T1-02 379 IV151 Lineage 1

P1 MEARC4400-t1-01 765 IV152 Lineage 5

P1 MEARC4400-t1-01

IV153 Lineage 3


in blue) between specimens of Coleoptera detected at Robe Valley and the reference


Table 16. Distribution of the six Coleoptera lineages detected in the present study.



2 DD14MRR0004 2403A




6 DD14MRR0009 2402D

Table 17. Specimens of Polydesmida (Diplopoda) used in the present study and the lineage to

which they were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data.


P1 MEARC2401-20150807-T2-02 400 IV190 nd

P1 MEARC3500T2-02 691 IV191 nd

P1 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-01 382 IV192 nd

P1 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-01 382 IV193 nd

P1 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-01 382 IV194 nd

P2 DD14MEB0005-20151001-T2-02 81 IV195 nd

P2 DD14MEB0005-20151001-T3-01 84 IV196 nd

P2 DD14MEB0005-20151001-T3-01 84 IV197 nd

P2 DD14MEB0005-20151001-T3-01 84 IV198 nd

P2 MEARC3500-20150930-T1-02 267 IV199 nd

P2 MEARC3500-20150930-T1-02 267 IV200 nd

Table 18. Specimens of Diplura used in the present study and the lineage to which they were



P1 DD11MEB001T1-01 679 IV154 Lineage 1

P1 DD11MEB001T1-01 IV155 Lineage 2

P1 DD11MEC0005-02 7 IV156 Lineage 4

P2 DD14MEB0005-20151001-T3-02 85 IV157 Lineage 3

P2 MEARC5017-20151001-T2-01 65 IV158 nd


P1 MEARC3790-20150807-T2-03 414 IV160 nd


20


in blue) between specimens of Diplura detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages as

shown in Figure 7.

Table 20. Distribution of the four Diplura lineages detected in the present study.


1 DD11MEB001 Mesa B

2 DD11MEB001 Mesa B

3 DD14MEB0005, RC14MEB0101 Mesa B

4 DD11MEC0005 Mesa C

Table 21. Specimens of Isopoda used in the present study and the lineage to which they were



P1 M2ERC027-t2-02 762 IV163 Lineage 1

P1 M2ERC029-t2-01 769 IV164 nd

P1 M2ERC053-T2-01 776 IV165 Lineage 1

P1 M2ERC053-T2-01 IV166 nd

P1 M2ERC053-T2-01 IV167 Lineage 1

P1 M2ERC053-T2-01 IV168 nd

P1 RC13MRR0026-t2-02 781 IV169 nd

P2 M2ERC0057-20151002-T2-03 409 IV170 nd

P2 MEARC4923-20150930-T1-01 343 IV171 Lineage 9a

P2 MELUNK02-20151001-T1-03 626 IV172 Lineage 3

P2 MELUNK02-20151001-T2-02 629 IV173 Lineage 3

P2 MELUNK02-20151001-T2-02 IV174 Lineage 3

P2 RC13MRR0014-20151002-T1-01 548 IV175 Lineage 2




P2 TOBRC0020-20151001-T2-02 13 IV179 Lineage 7

P2 TOBRC0020-20151001-T2-02 IV180 nd

P1 MEARC2401-20150807-T2-03 401 IV181 Lineage 9b

P1 MEARC3811-20150807-T1-04 392 IV182 nd

P1 MEARC4795-20150807-T1-03 269 IV183 nd

P1 MEARC4795-20150807-T2-02 273 IV184 nd

P1 MEARC4795-20150807-T2-02 IV185 nd

P1 MEARC4795-20150807-T2-02 IV186 nd

P1 MEARC4795-20150807-T2-02 IV187 nd

P1 MEARC5053T3-03 541 IV188 Lineage 9b

P1 TOBRC0020-t1-01 784 IV189 Lineage 6


21

Table 22. Mean genetic distance (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in

blue) between lineages of Isopoda detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 8.

Lineage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9a 9b

1 0.011 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014

2 0.070 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.014

3 0.201 0.191 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015

4 0.189 0.191 0.194 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.015

5 0.244 0.242 0.259 0.224 0.010 0.010 0.016 0.017 0.017

6 0.239 0.236 0.242 0.235 0.076 0.009 0.016 0.016 0.015

7 0.238 0.232 0.238 0.227 0.082 0.067 0.016 0.017 0.016

8 0.228 0.220 0.226 0.238 0.218 0.211 0.207 0.014 0.014

9a 0.227 0.224 0.238 0.201 0.231 0.216 0.201 0.166 0.006

9b 0.231 0.225 0.230 0.204 0.223 0.207 0.204 0.167 0.037

Table 23. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Isopoda detected in the

NJ analysis as shown in Figure 8 and the number (N) of individuals assigned to that lineage. n/c

= not calculated, for groups where n=1. Rep=individual selected to represent the lineage in the

model-based analysis.

Lineage D s.e. N Rep

1 0.002 0.001 3 IV167

2 n/c n/c 1 IV175

3 0.001 0.001 3 IV172

4 n/c n/c 1 IV178

5 n/c n/c 1 IV176

6 n/c n/c 1 IV189

7 n/c n/c 1 IV179

8 n/c n/c 1 IV177

9a n/c n/c 1 IV171

9b 0.025 0.006 2 IV181


in blue) between specimens of Isopoda detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages as

shown in Figure 9.

Table 25. Distribution of the ten Isopoda lineages detected in the present study.


1 M2ERC027 2402E

2 RC13MRR0014 2403A,B,D

3 MELUNK02 Mesa L



6 TOBRC0020 Highway/Tod bore

7 TOBRC0020 Highway/Tod bore


9a MEARC4923 Highway/Tod bore

9b MEARC2401, MEARC5053 Highway/Tod bore


22

Table 26. Specimens of Pseudoscorpiones used in the present study and the lineage to which

they were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data.

Phase Tracking number Cap. No. Helix ID Lineage

P1 DD14MEB0002-20150607-01sc 5 IV201 Hyiidae 1

P1 DD14MRR0004T1-04 697 IV202 Hyiidae 5

P1 DD14MRR0004T1-04 IV203 Chthoniidae 11

P1 DD14MRR0005-T1-05 608 IV204 Chthoniidae 11

P1 DD14MRR0005-T2-01 773 IV205 Atemnidae? 13

P1 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T1-02 484 IV206 Hyiidae 3

P1 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T2-03 491 IV207 Atemnidae? 15

P1 M2ERC027-t2-03 763 IV208 Atemnidae? 14

P1 M2ERC027-t2-03 IV209 Hyiidae 4

P1 MEARC3814-20150606-02sc 2 IV210 Chthoniidae 12

P1 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-02 383 IV211 Hyiidae 6

P2 DD14MEL0001-20151001-T2-02 637 IV212 Chthoniidae 9

P2 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T2-02 433 IV213 Hyiidae 7

P2 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T3-01 437 IV214 Atemnidae? 15

P2 MEARC3814-20150930-T1-01 279 IV215 Chthoniidae 12

P2 RC14MEB0010-20151001-T3-01 122 IV216 nd

P2 RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-01 132 IV217 Hyiidae 2

P2 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T3-02 209 IV218 Hyiidae 8

P2 RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-02 90 IV219 nd

P2 RC14MEB0115-20151001-T1-01 101 IV220 nd

P2 RC14MEB0115-20151001-T1-01 IV221 nd

P2 RC14MEB0123-20151001-T2-01 310 IV222 nd

P2 RC14MEB0123-20151001-T2-01 IV223 nd

P2 RC14MEB0123-20151001-T3-01 313 IV224 nd

P2 RC14MEB0123-20151001-T3-01 IV225 nd

P2 RC14MRR0020-20151002-T2-01 369 IV226 Chthoniidae 10


23

Table 27. Mean genetic distance (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue) between lineages of Pseudoscorpiones detected in the NJ

analysis as shown in Figure 10. Distances between lineages within each family are highlighted in yellow.

Hyiidae Chthoniidae Atemnidae

Lineage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 0.008 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.014

2 0.051 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015

3 0.221 0.227 0.007 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017

4 0.211 0.218 0.038 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017

5 0.265 0.262 0.265 0.262 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015

6 0.232 0.227 0.251 0.245 0.240 0.012 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.014

7 0.254 0.254 0.264 0.249 0.240 0.133 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015

8 0.251 0.245 0.272 0.258 0.244 0.150 0.133 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.013

9 0.275 0.274 0.284 0.287 0.268 0.255 0.257 0.263 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

10 0.265 0.265 0.283 0.286 0.266 0.258 0.252 0.257 0.105 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.017

11 0.264 0.274 0.277 0.272 0.274 0.277 0.254 0.267 0.194 0.204 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.015

12 0.274 0.278 0.257 0.251 0.283 0.265 0.247 0.266 0.210 0.226 0.165 0.016 0.014 0.014

13 0.290 0.295 0.293 0.283 0.280 0.284 0.288 0.285 0.288 0.286 0.291 0.286 0.013 0.012

14 0.258 0.267 0.273 0.261 0.274 0.257 0.254 0.251 0.281 0.271 0.264 0.266 0.119 0.009

15 0.273 0.286 0.299 0.282 0.292 0.273 0.263 0.275 0.288 0.294 0.282 0.285 0.146 0.076


24

Table 28. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Pseudoscorpiones

detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 10 and the number (N) of individuals assigned to

that lineage. n/c = not calculated, for groups where n=1. Rep=individual selected to represent

the lineage in the model-based analysis.

Lineage D s.e. N Ref

1 n/c n/c 1 IV201

2 n/c n/c 1 IV217

3 n/c n/c 1 IV206

4 n/c n/c 1 IV209

5 n/c n/c 1 IV202

6 n/c n/c 1 IV211

7 n/c n/c 1 IV213

8 n/c n/c 1 IV219

9 n/c n/c 1 IV212

10 n/c n/c 1 IV226

11 0.001 0.001 2 IV203

12 0.001 0.001 2 IV210

13 n/c n/c 1 IV205

14 n/c n/c 1 IV208

15 0.012 0.004 2 IV207


in blue) between specimens of Chthoniidae (Pseudoscorpiones) detected at Robe Valley and

the reference lineages as shown in Figure 11.


in blue) between specimens of Hyiidae and Atemnidae (Pseudoscorpiones) detected at Robe

Valley and the reference lineages as shown in Figure 12.

Table 31. Distribution of the 15 Pseudoscorpiones lineages detected in the present study.


Hyiidae

1 DD14MEB0002 Mesa B


3 DD14MRR0008 2402D

4 M2ERC027 2402E

5 DD14MRR0004 2403A

6 RC13MEA0279 Highway/Tod bore

7 DD14MRR0009 2402D


Chthoniidae

9 DD14MEL0001 Mesa L

10 RC14MRR020 2401A

11 DD14MRR0004, DD14MRR0005 2403A


Atemnidae

13 DD14MRR0005 2403A

14 M2ERC027 2402E

15 DD14MRR0008, DD14MRR0009 2402D


25

Table 32. Specimens of Thysanura used in the present study and the lineage to which they were


Phase Tracking number Cap. No. Helix ID Lineage

P2 MEARC4383-20151001-T1-01 213 IV227 nd

P2 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T3-01 208 IV228 nd

P2 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T3-01 IV229 nd

P1 MEARC3814-20150606-01sc 1 IV230 nd


26

IV63 DD14MEL0002-20151001-T2-01 Schizomida


IV43 MELUNK06-201508-T2-01 Schizomida


IV90 Nonumber-t1-01 Schizomida

IV35 MEARC4273-t1-01 Schizomida

IV41 MELUnk02-t2-01 Schizomida


IV47 Melunk10-t1-01 Schizomida

IV42 MELUNK03-t1-01 Schizomida

IV10 DD14MEM0001T2-03 Schizomida

IV68 DD14MEM0003-20151001-T1-01 Schizomida


IV48 Melunk10-t1-01 Schizomida






IV40 MELUnk02-t2-01 Schizomida

IV46 MELUNK09T1-01 Schizomida



IV49 RC13MEN0005-20150808-T1-01 Schizomida

IV11 DD14MEN0001-20150808-T2-02 Schizomida

IV50 RC13MEN0005-20150808-T1-01 Schizomida

lin 4

lin 4a IV09 DD14MEL0001-t2-01 Schizomida

IV29 MEARC3790.20150606-01 Schizomida

IV34 MEARC3811-20150807-T1-01 Schizomida






IV36 MEARC4400-t1-02 Schizomida

IV82 TOBRC0023-20151001-T1-01 Schizomida

lin 3

lin 2 IV07 Budgie20150604-06 Schizomida

IV39 MEBRC0027T3-01 Schizomida

IV58 RC14MEB0081-t2-01 Schizomida

IV57 RC14MEB0081-t2-01 Schizomida


IV78 RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-02 Schizomida


IV80 RC14MEB0150-20151001-T2-01 Schizomida

IV56 RC14MEB0071-01 Schizomida

IV62 DD14MEC0002-20150929-T3-03 Schizomida

IV83 DD11MEC0003T2-01 Schizomida






IV88 MERC0114-T3-01 Schizomida

lin 1

lin 10 IV81 RC14MRR0017-20151002-T2-01 Schizomida

IV51 RC13MRR0014-t1-01 Schizomida

IV54 RC13MRR0051T2-01 Schizomida

IV53 RC13MRR0051T2-01 Schizomida

IV55 RC13MRR0077-T1-02 Schizomida

lin 9

IV17 DD14MRR007-20150808-T1-02 Schizomida







lin 6

IV14 DD14MRR0005-T1-01 Schizomida

IV52 RC13MRR0026-t2-01 Schizomida


IV77 RC13MRR0026-20151002-T2-02 Schizomida


IV12 DD14MRR0004-t2-01 Schizomida

lin 7

IV27 M2ERC0053-T2-02 Schizomida

IV28 M2ERC0053-T2-02 Schizomida

IV06 2402EUNK13T2-01 Schizomida

IV03 2402eUnk08-20150809-T1-01 Schizomida

IV60 2402EUNK11-20151002-T2-01 Schizomida


IV21 M2ERC0039-20150809-T1-01 Schizomida

IV04 2402eUNK09-T3-01 Schizomida

IV23 M2ERC027-t2-01 Schizomida






IV59 2402EUNK05-20151002-T1-01 Schizomida


IV02 2402EUNK05T3-01 Schizomida


lin 8

lin 5 IV79 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-01 Schizomida

89

85

100

74 41

25

17

64

100

60

37

48

57

100

91 73 60

9 19

24

19

3

15

49

3

18

21

57

4

20

100

89

100

91

18 16

20

73

100

82

92

97

59

66

27

73

34

100

24 45

39

34

49

85

82

100

48

100

52

93

81 100

100

72

60 92

98

61

34

36

6

61

59

20

19

19

35

24

39

0.02

Figure 1. Neighbour-joining

analysis of specimens of

Schizomida from the present

study. Numbers on major nodes

correspond to bootstrap

support over 100 iterations;

values <50% are not shown.

Scale bar= genetic distance.

The specimens used to

represent each lineage in the

model-based phylogenetic

analysis are highlighted in

yellow.


27

Figure 2. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Schizomida from the present study and

reference specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major nodes correspond

to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the present study are

highlighted in yellow; GenBank voucher specimens highlighted in turquoise. Scale bar= number

of substitutions per site.

EU272675 Brignolozomus woodwardi SzA

IV61 DD14MEC0002 20150929 T3 03 lin 1

Paradraculoides bythius WAM T63344 1.00

IV07 Budgie20150604 06 lin 2

0.55

Paradraculoides anachoretus WAM T66236

0.81

IV82 TOBRC0023 20151001 T1 01 lin 3

Paradraculoides sp OFB 2007 1.00

1.00

Paradraculoides gnophicola WAM T63371 3

0.97

Paradraculoides kryptus WAM T65802

0.50

IV76 MELUNK11 20151001 T2 01 lin 4

IV09 DD14MEL0001 t2 01 lin 4a 1.00

1.00

C119 ex T95543

GH7 Draculoides Dra PES16433

GH8 Draculoides Dra PES16447 1.00

1.00

C37 T92541B

HE17 BHRC151 20141216 T3 01c 0.98

HE4 BHRC001 20141028 SC01

IS33 Kbrc116720150809t2 05 Schizomida sp 0.61

0.87

IS15 KBRC1389 20150909 04 Schizomida

IT67 BHRC401 151013 T1 01 Schizomida 0.97

0.79

C58 T98320

T93233 C17 CBRC099P5T1 3 Paradraculoides sp cardo 0.96

0.90

0.98

0.91

IV17 DD14MRR007 20150808 T1 02 lin 6

IV14 DD14MRR0005 T1 01 lin 7

IV27 M2ERC0053 T2 02 lin 8

EU272730 Draculoides mesozeirus 1.00

1.00

1.00

IV55 RC13MRR0077 T1 02 lin 9

1.00

U72 Schizomid T95463

U74 Schizomid T95462 1.00

U83 Schizomid T95450

1.00

1.00

0.99

EU272684 Draculoides bramstokeri

1.00

IV81 RC14MRR0017 20151002 T2 01 lin 10

FT4 Draculoides SCH012 PSB0166R

FT6 Draculoides SCH012 GBP553 0.50

GG9 Draculoides sp PSA0806R

1.00

FT5 Draculoides sp PSB0163R

1.00

0.93

0.98

FZ21 Schizomida RC13KOOD0308P7T1 1

1.00

IV79 RC14MEB0060 20151001 T2 01 lin 5

1.00

0.1


28

Figure 3. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Amphipoda from the present study.

Numbers on major nodes correspond to bootstrap support over 100 iterations; values <50% are

not shown. Scale bar= genetic distance. The specimens used to represent each lineage in the

model-based phylogenetic analysis are highlighted in yellow.

IV93 Budgie.20150604-02 Amphipoda

IV120 Budgie-20150930-01 Amphipoda


IV126 Camp-20150930-02 Amphipoda


IV125 Camp-20150930-02 Amphipoda

lin 1


IV127 Daisy-201509-02 Amphipoda lin 2

IV114 MB13WARR010.20150606-01 Amphipoda



lin 3

IV128 DAVES-20150930-04 Amphipoda

IV132 DAVES-20150930-04 Amphipoda lin 4

IV109 MB13WARR001-20150605-01 Amphipoda





lin 5

lin 6 IV134 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 Amphipoda

lin 7 IV129 DAVES-20150930-04 Amphipoda


IV100 Daves-20150604-01 Amphipoda

IV130 DAVES-20150930-04 Amphipoda


IV104 Daves-20150604-01 Amphipoda

lin 8

47

12

89

100

100

69

87

100

100

72

100

100

100

93

100

87

66

100

100 99

100

65

0.05


29

Figure 4. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Amphipoda from the present study and





JX150976 Daphnia pulex voucher NZPL873

JN233925 Daphnia pulicaria voucher 0833

IV126 Camp 20150930 02 Amphipoda lin 1

rr3a 2b 1.00

IT22 BHRC231.20151014 03 Amphipoda

0.94

IT06 BHRC118.20151013 02 Amphipoda

1.00

IV92 Budgie.20150604 02 Amphipoda lin 2

nr5miwell d 1.00

IV111 MB13WARR010.20150606 01 Amphipoda lin 3

GY19 BIL4nr 20141109 20

L8 107b Nedsia sp 2 1.00

0.77

IS59 KBRC1310 20150911 02 Amphipoda

EU304458 Nedsia sp. Caves Creek 1.00

0.96

0.97

1.00

IV128 DAVES 20150930 04 Amphipoda lin 4

1.00

IV108 MB13WARR001 20150605 01 Amphipoda lin 5

wc17 1 Nedsia douglasi

B3 60a Nedsia sp 1

1.00

1.00

IS43 RHWB006 20150910 01 Amphipoda

0.98

cob12 5a

pt03 11a 1.00

1.00

1.00

IV134 TOBRC0099 20150930 01 Amphipoda lin 6


0.72


1.00

pm01a 10

0.79

0.84

DH1 BIL4nr 1112 03 01 Amphipoda

L26 S5 200 unknown sp 3

1.00

0.68

BF14 X62P2 2011 01 Amphipoda

1.00

JQ608487 Norcapensis mandibulis

1.00

IV129 DAVES 20150930 04 Amphipoda lin 7

IV100 Daves 20150604 01 Amphipoda lin 8 0.97

KC315635 Niphargus fontanus isolate UK HT3

KC315646 Niphargus glenniei isolate HT4

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.1

Niphargidae

Melitidae


30

Figure 5. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Chilopoda from the present study and





NC014273 Opisthopatus cinctipes

EF624055 Metaperipatus inae

IS87 KBRC136220150911T2 03 Geophilida sp

AB610774 Mecistocephalus multidentatus

1.00

AF334321 Paralamyctes monteithi Henicopidae

IV139 DD14MRR0004T1 01 Chilopoda

IV140 DD14MRR0004T1 01 Chilopoda

1.00

IV141 DD14MRR0005 T1 04 Chilopoda

1.00

1.00

0.73

KF569297 Gnathoribautia bonensis

JN306685 Geophilus flavus

KR736251 Stenotaenia linearis

1.00

1.00

1.00

AK10 PE111022 Cryptops DC10

BX11 PES 0968 Cryptops pilbara1

EY5 Cryptops sp B35

1.00

BX12 PES 3783 Cryptops pilbara2

CQ6 Cryptops sp. B30 1106 13 EX13

0.83

BX13 991 5262 Cryptops MH1

BX8 PES 5889 Cryptops MH2

1.00

CQ3 Cryptops sp. B32 CC1798

1.00

BX9 PES 5272 Cryptops MH2

0.57

0.81

1.00

1.00

BQ12 PES 5087 Cryptops won1

G349 Cryptopidae sp MJ LN9808

0.54

G124 Cryptops Upper South Fortescue

0.85

CQ5 nr Cryptops sp. B11 PCRC088

0.88

CQ2 nr Cryptops sp. B15 CCWUNK05

IV143 MEARC4383 20151001 T2 01 Chilopoda

0.81

0.98

1.00

0.99

AY288745 Scolopocryptops sexspinosus Cryptopidae

1.00

G123 Cryptops Upper South Fortescue

1.00

0.1

Lineage 1

Lineage 2

Cryptops

Geophilomorpha


31

Figure 6. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Coleoptera from the present study and





GU671532 Hemiptera sp.

FJ456942 L. delicatula

IV144 DD14MRR0004T1 03 Coleoptera




1.00

IV153 MEARC4400 t1 01 Coleoptera

KJ962132 Stricticollis tobias Anthicidae 1.00

KJ961916 Necrobia violacea voucher ZMUO Cleridae

0.96

0.94

IV151 MEARC3814 20150807 T1 02 Coleoptera

EU710801 Pterostichus mutus Carabidae 1.00

HM180603 Harpalus discrepans Carabidae

1.00

BX6 PES 5290 Bembidion MH1 Carabidae

BX7 PES 5285 Bembidion MH1 Carabidae 1.00

G344 LN9362 Anillini sp OP Carabidae

0.86

0.85

0.87

PSF0019R LN6326 J11 1 Zuphiinae S1 Carabidae

CF17 PSC0889R Zuphiini sp B03 Carabidae 1.00

G348 LN8860 Zuphiini sp UM Carabidae

0.93

CF18 edited JIN0968R Zuphiini sp. Carabidae

1.00

1.00

IV148 DD14MRR009 20150808 T3 01 Coleoptera

CF5 GB0002R Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B06

CF6 GF0421R Curculionidae

CF9 SF0034R Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B07

CF10 SF0139R Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B07 0.78

CF13 SF0725R Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B09

0.81

0.80

CF7 PSC0890R Curculionidae

CF8 PSD0107R Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B08 1.00

0.57

1.00

0.50

IV150 RC14MEB0060 20151001 T2 02 Coleoptera

IV152 MEARC4400 t1 01 Coleoptera 1.00

HE615891 Trigonopterus sp. Curculionidae

0.87

GU213687 Echinodera ibleiensis Curculionidae

1.00

0.93

0.90

0.1

Curculionidae

Carabidae

lin 2

lin 3

lin 1

lin 6

lin 4

lin 5


32

Figure 7. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Diplura from the present study and reference

specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major nodes correspond to

posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the present study are



Lycorma delicatula FJ456942

Hemiptera sp. GU671532

IV154 DD11MEB001T1 01 Diplura

IV155 DD11MEB001T1 01 Diplura

IV157 DD14MEB0005 20151001 T3 02 Diplura

IV159 RC14MEB0101 20151001 T2 01 Diplura

1.00

1.00

1.00

AF370844 Campodea tillyardi

0.97

HQ882832 Lepidocampa weberi

0.99

HQ943342 Diplura sp.

1.00

IV156 DD11MEC0005 02 Diplura

BX29 PES 5141 Parajapygidae MH1

BX30 PES 5190 Parajapygidae MH1 1.00

G331 LN9880 Parajapygidae sp MJ

0.95

G332 LN8894 Parajapygidae sp MJ

1.00

1.00

IT74 BHRC0514 151013 T2 02 Diplura

AY771989 Japyx solifugus

G330 LN8732 Japygidae sp MJ

0.93

0.61

BX16 PES 5195 Japygidae MH1

BX17 PES 5952 Japygidae MH1

G432 110953 Japygidae sp Central Pilbara

1.00

0.85

G433 110848 Japygidae Central Pilbara sp

0.98

BQ8 PES 4283 Japygidae won1

G329 LN9310 Japygidae sp MA

1.00

0.96

0.90

1.00

G473 111138b Anajapygidae sp NS

0.59

0.99

BX40 PES 5878 Projapygidae MH1

BQ11 PES 5439 Projapygidae won1

0.78

BQ7 PES 4269 Projapygidae

BQ10 PES 2546 Projapygidae

1.00

G336 LN9557 Projapygidae sp OP

1.00

G333 LN8949 Projapygidae sp MJ

G334 LN9141 Projapygidae sp UM

1.00

0.78

1.00

1.00

0.1

Japygidae

Campodeidae

Parajapygidae

Projapygidae

Anajapygidae

lin 4

lin 1

lin 2

lin 3


33

Figure 8. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Isopoda from the present study. Numbers

on major nodes correspond to bootstrap support over 100 iterations; values <50% are not

shown. Scale bar= genetic distance. The specimens used to represent each lineage in the


IV163 M2ERC027-t2-02 Isopoda

IV167 M2ERC053-T2-01 Isopoda

IV165 M2ERC053-T2-01 Isopoda

lin 1

lin 2 IV175 RC13MRR0014-20151002-T1-01 Isopoda

IV173 MELUNK02-20151001-T2-02 Isopoda



lin 3

lin 4 IV178 RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-01 Isopoda


lin 6 IV189 TOBRC0020-t1-01 Isopoda

lin 7 IV179 TOBRC0020-20151001-T2-02 Isopoda


lin 9a IV171 MEARC4923-20150930-T1-01 Isopoda

IV181 MEARC2401-20150807-T2-03 Isopoda

IV188 MEARC5053T3-03 Isopoda lin 9b

76 100

98 100

100

64 100

89 100

94

100

50

0.02


34

Figure 9. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Isopoda from the present study and reference

specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major nodes correspond to

posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the present study are



DQ838028 Chydaekata acuminata

DQ679986 Chydaekata sp.

IV167 M2ERC053 T2 01 Isopoda

IV175 RC13MRR0014 20151002 T1 01 Isopoda 1.00

IT40 BHRCOPP1 151013 T3 02 Isopoda BH lin 1

1.00

IS126 KBRC1154 20150909 T2 01 RH Lin 6

1.00

IV172 MELUNK02 20151001 T1 03 Isopoda

IV178 RC14MEB0101 20151001 T1 01 Isopoda 0.68

0.67

EU364629 Laevophiloscia yalgoorensis

IS97 CWRC485.20150709 T1 04 RH Lin 5 0.75

0.75

IV171 MEARC4923 20150930 T1 01 Isopoda

IV181 MEARC2401 20150807 T2 03 Isopoda

IE45 MEARC2999P6T2 1 Lin Mesa A- P6 1.00

1.00

IV177 RC14MEB0088 20151001 T3 01 Isopoda

1.00

EO11 Troglarmadillo ISO005 EKP0042

GA0136R J17 5

GFR002 J17 9

GSR0020 J17 11 1.00

0.72

1.00

IE37 BHRC122 20141216 T2 03

1.00

IE39 TBRC045P3T1 3

IS111 CWRC937 20150912 T2 01 RH Lin 2

IS92 RHRC414 20150709 T2 02 RH Lin 1 1.00

0.56

0.58

G92 Troglarmadillo sp LN8501

IS105 TSOOPP03 20150709 T2 03 RH Lin 3 0.99

0.58

0.73

IV176 RC14MEB0060 20151001 T2 03 Isopoda

IV189 TOBRC0020 t1 01 Isopoda 1.00

IV179 TOBRC0020 20151001 T2 02 Isopoda

1.00

EO12 Troglarmadillo sp. B42 EEX0561

G350 LN9740 Troglamadillo sp OP 0.95

EXR1356 J17 2

1.00

1.00

EO10 Troglarmadillo sp. B39 MG0198R

IE40 CWRC155P3T2 1 0.99

1.00

AB626254 Burmoniscus sp.

1.00

FN824099 Armadillidium nasatum

EU107646 Pygolabis sp. 1

I49 PT04 Isopoda 0.81

EU107664 Pygolabis sp. 4

1.00

0.78

0.73

0.61

Haloniscus sp. 10 EU364592

Haloniscus sp. 12 EU364601

B12 20 1b Isopoda

IE50 RC08MEJ0076P2T2 1 0.78

0.76

EU364622 Haloniscus sp. 21

G173 Philosciidae S1 100421 0.90

G175 Philosciidae S1 LN7657

0.86

0.79

1.00

0.1

lin 1

lin 2

lin 3

lin 4

lin 5

lin 6

lin 7

lin 9a

lin 9b

lin 8


35

Figure 10. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Pseudoscrpiones from the present study.




Lin 1 IV201 DD14MEB0002-20150607-01sc Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 2 IV217 RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-01 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 3 IV206 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 4 IV209 M2ERC027-t2-03 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 5 IV202 DD14MRR0004T1-04 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 6 IV211 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 7 IV213 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 8 IV219 RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 9 IV212 DD14MEL0001-20151001-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 10 IV226 RC14MRR0020-20151002-T2-01 Pseudoscorpiones

IV203 DD14MRR0004T1-04 Pseudoscorpiones

IV204 DD14MRR0005-T1-05 Pseudoscorpiones Lin 11

IV210 MEARC3814-20150606-02sc Pseudoscorpiones

IV215 MEARC3814-20150930-T1-01 Pseudoscorpiones Lin 12

Lin 13 IV205 DD14MRR0005-T2-01 Pseudoscorpiones

Lin 14 IV208 M2ERC027-t2-03 Pseudoscorpiones

IV207 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T2-03 Pseudoscorpiones

IV214 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones Lin 15

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

98

100

70

100

98

61

58

0.02


36

Figure 11. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Chthoniidae (Pseudoscorpiones) from the

present study and reference specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major

nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the

present study are highlighted in yellow; GenBank voucher specimens highlighted in turquoise.

Scale bar= number of substitutions per site.

AY156582 Pandinus imperator

DQ513111 Siro rubens

IV212 DD14MEL0001 20151001 T2 02 lin 9

IV226 RC14MRR0020 20151002 T2 01 lin 10

1.00

EAP0178 Ophthalmia

IS01 MSRC036-20150709-T2-01

IS12 CWRC937-20150912-T1-03

1.00

IS08 TSOOPP03.20150709-T1-04

1.00

IS05 KBRC1475-20150708-T2-04

IS06 CWRC484-20150709-T1-04

1.00

1.00

0.61

1.00

EU559513 Austrochtonia sp

0.86

IV203 DD14MRR0004T1 04 lin 11

IV210 MEARC3814 20150606 02sc lin 12

0.98

IS11 KBRC1533-T1-01 Red Hill

1.00

EU559503 Lagynochthonius johni

IS10 KBRCopp15-20150913-02

0.51

G118 Tyrannochthonius

JIN0078R Lagynochthonius

EJR0202 2 9 9 Tyrannochthonius

1.00

0.98

0.66

0.82

G219 Pseudoscorpian 108935

G220 Pseudoscorpian 109177

1.00

0.97

EU559506 Tyrannochthonius sp. JM 2008

LB084 Tyrannochthonius

EXR1148 J20 6 Lagynochthonius

1.00

PI012 Tyrannochthonius

0.53

CM18 RC11KOOD0193P2T1 2 Lagynochthonius sp.

GF0173R Lagynochthonius

0.94

G328 LN9199 Tyrannochthonius sp OP

0.51

0.98

0.98

G324 101086 Tyrannochthonius sp MA

EA0270R Lagynochthonius

0.98

1.00

G319 LN8720 Chthoniidae sp MJ

1.00

0.1

Red Hill


37

Figure 12. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Hyiidae (Pseudoscorpiones) from the present

study and reference specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major nodes

correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the present

study are highlighted in yellow; GenBank voucher specimens highlighted in turquoise. Scale

bar= number of substitutions per site.



IV201 DD14MEB0002 20150607 01sc lin 1

IV217 RC14MEB0029 20151001 T1 01 lin 2

1.00

GB0018R Hyiidae Jirrpalpur

GC0103R Hyiidae Jirrpalpur

1.00

PSF0090R Indohya Packsaddle

1.00

0.62

FZ1 Pseudoscorpion RC13KOOD0302P7T1 1

0.58

IV206 DD14MRR0008 20150808 T1 02 lin 3

IV209 M2ERC027 t2 03 lin 4

1.00

G107 Indohya Central Pilbara

1.00

DF18 8668 Indohya sp. Hardey River

0.99

EU559564 Indohya sp. JM 2008

0.88

IV202 DD14MRR0004T1 04 lin 5

IV211 RC13MEA0279 20150807 T1 02 lin 6

IV213 DD14MRR0009 20151002 T2 02 lin 7

IV219 RC14MEB0101 20151001 T1 02 lin 8

0.63

IT72 BHRC0512 151013 T3 01 Buckland Hills

1.00

0.77

0.72

IV205 DD14MRR0005 T2 01 lin 13

IV208 M2ERC027 t2 03 lin 14

IV207 DD14MRR0008 20150808 T2 03 lin 15

1.00

1.00

JN018204 Paratemnoides sumatranus Atemnidae

1.00

0.1

Atemnidae

Hyiidae

Table 4. Estimates of Evolutionary Divergence between Sequences

Specimen ID IV55

IV81

IV07

IV09

IV14

IV17

IV27

IV61

IV76

IV79

Db

ram

Dm

es

Pan

Pbyt

Pgn

o

Pkry

Psp

C11

9

C37

C58

FT4

FT5

FT6

FZ21

GG

9

GH

7

GH

8

HE1

7

HE4

IS15

IS33

IT67

C17

U72

_Sh

izo

mid

_T95

463

U74

_Sh

izo

mid

_T95

462

U83

_Sh

izo

mid

_T95

450

IV55_RC13MRR0077-T1-02_Schizomida 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015IV81_RC14MRR0017-20151002-T2-01_Schizomida 0.172 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014IV07_Budgie20150604-06_Schizomida 0.152 0.153 0.011 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.012IV09_DD14MEL0001-t2-01_Schizomida 0.131 0.167 0.108 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.006 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.010 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013IV14_DD14MRR0005-T1-01_Schizomida 0.123 0.172 0.166 0.153 0.011 0.009 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.014IV17_DD14MRR007-20150808-T1-02_Schizomida 0.122 0.150 0.156 0.158 0.091 0.011 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014IV27_M2ERC0053-T2-02_Schizomida 0.119 0.161 0.152 0.147 0.072 0.086 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.004 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.012IV61_DD14MEC0002-20150929-T3-03_Schizomida 0.163 0.156 0.069 0.117 0.172 0.166 0.167 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.012IV76_MELUNK11-20151001-T2-01_Schizomida 0.128 0.160 0.111 0.034 0.146 0.152 0.139 0.102 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012IV79_RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-01_Schizomida 0.183 0.181 0.156 0.166 0.178 0.172 0.159 0.161 0.160 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013EU272684_Draculoides_bramstokeri 0.152 0.165 0.148 0.135 0.148 0.146 0.144 0.152 0.132 0.155 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.012EU272730_Draculoides_mesozeirus_SzJ 0.120 0.162 0.149 0.141 0.073 0.089 0.006 0.165 0.136 0.157 0.141 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.011Panachoretus_WAM_T66236_Paradraculoides 0.166 0.160 0.085 0.121 0.165 0.155 0.152 0.113 0.124 0.169 0.147 0.151 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.012Pbythius_WAM_T63344_Paradraculoides_byth 0.166 0.161 0.069 0.119 0.171 0.169 0.168 0.002 0.103 0.165 0.156 0.164 0.111 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013Pgnophicola_WAM_T63371_3_Paradraculoides 0.131 0.150 0.087 0.095 0.161 0.135 0.148 0.100 0.090 0.174 0.137 0.144 0.121 0.102 0.012 0.009 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014Pkryptus_WAM_T65802_Paradraculoides_kryp 0.142 0.165 0.102 0.100 0.150 0.152 0.153 0.110 0.095 0.174 0.140 0.152 0.118 0.108 0.092 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013Psp_OFB_2007_Paradraculoides_sp._OFB-200 0.150 0.156 0.074 0.103 0.166 0.153 0.160 0.089 0.097 0.153 0.137 0.156 0.094 0.090 0.084 0.098 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013C119_ex_T95543 0.171 0.144 0.130 0.143 0.170 0.167 0.165 0.137 0.130 0.173 0.162 0.162 0.150 0.137 0.134 0.148 0.147 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.012C37_T92541B 0.144 0.153 0.127 0.127 0.164 0.151 0.153 0.144 0.129 0.186 0.155 0.152 0.142 0.140 0.116 0.123 0.119 0.156 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.013C58_T98320 0.150 0.161 0.119 0.130 0.167 0.160 0.163 0.105 0.132 0.172 0.148 0.157 0.150 0.108 0.118 0.123 0.121 0.141 0.120 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.011FT4_Draculoides_SCH012_PSB0166R 0.169 0.133 0.149 0.160 0.171 0.150 0.160 0.169 0.160 0.161 0.143 0.162 0.148 0.174 0.155 0.171 0.150 0.135 0.175 0.166 0.009 0.006 0.011 0.007 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.012FT5_Draculoides_sp_PSB0163R 0.160 0.136 0.146 0.149 0.167 0.161 0.161 0.163 0.146 0.166 0.140 0.159 0.160 0.168 0.139 0.152 0.148 0.132 0.173 0.175 0.064 0.009 0.012 0.009 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.013FT6_Draculoides_SCH012_GBP553 0.161 0.138 0.146 0.147 0.164 0.161 0.158 0.163 0.146 0.147 0.143 0.159 0.147 0.168 0.155 0.160 0.144 0.132 0.178 0.175 0.030 0.063 0.011 0.006 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013FZ21_Schizomida_RC13KOOD0308P7T1-1 0.185 0.144 0.142 0.158 0.182 0.170 0.152 0.150 0.149 0.144 0.138 0.152 0.160 0.155 0.145 0.152 0.139 0.149 0.170 0.181 0.122 0.117 0.118 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.013GG9_Draculoides_sp_PSA0806R 0.160 0.133 0.147 0.155 0.164 0.144 0.156 0.167 0.149 0.150 0.135 0.159 0.144 0.173 0.152 0.161 0.142 0.137 0.167 0.171 0.031 0.061 0.028 0.117 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.013GH7_Draculoides_Dra-PES16433 0.164 0.146 0.131 0.139 0.175 0.172 0.164 0.146 0.139 0.169 0.162 0.160 0.140 0.148 0.152 0.142 0.145 0.135 0.138 0.133 0.153 0.147 0.147 0.156 0.147 0.007 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014GH8_Draculoides_Dra-PES16447 0.152 0.150 0.121 0.136 0.155 0.163 0.142 0.146 0.130 0.161 0.160 0.139 0.132 0.147 0.139 0.132 0.145 0.119 0.141 0.130 0.146 0.133 0.136 0.147 0.146 0.038 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014HE17_BHRC151-20141216-T3-01c 0.151 0.148 0.129 0.124 0.157 0.143 0.148 0.126 0.127 0.175 0.149 0.146 0.141 0.128 0.123 0.111 0.121 0.148 0.115 0.118 0.164 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.159 0.137 0.137 0.012 0.014 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013HE4_BHRC001-20141028-SC01 0.153 0.146 0.138 0.143 0.149 0.142 0.138 0.137 0.134 0.165 0.165 0.130 0.147 0.137 0.131 0.132 0.132 0.144 0.121 0.118 0.165 0.143 0.160 0.162 0.154 0.145 0.145 0.115 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013IS15_KBRC1389_20150909_04_Schizomida 0.161 0.149 0.122 0.127 0.161 0.150 0.135 0.124 0.122 0.155 0.133 0.136 0.142 0.127 0.121 0.127 0.126 0.138 0.135 0.109 0.147 0.166 0.150 0.156 0.144 0.152 0.144 0.124 0.124 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013IS33_Kbrc116720150809t2_05_Schizomida_sp 0.152 0.142 0.124 0.130 0.155 0.139 0.139 0.121 0.121 0.156 0.130 0.139 0.129 0.118 0.111 0.111 0.121 0.124 0.114 0.108 0.146 0.153 0.149 0.159 0.144 0.138 0.122 0.104 0.099 0.100 0.011 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013IT67_BHRC401-151013-T1-01_Schizomida 0.149 0.147 0.114 0.121 0.157 0.146 0.144 0.116 0.111 0.157 0.135 0.141 0.121 0.119 0.116 0.108 0.111 0.130 0.132 0.113 0.155 0.138 0.154 0.144 0.150 0.139 0.127 0.115 0.110 0.099 0.105 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.010T93233_C17_CBRC099P5T1-3_Paradraculoides_sp_cardo 0.143 0.170 0.117 0.126 0.144 0.130 0.152 0.123 0.134 0.148 0.146 0.150 0.119 0.123 0.115 0.112 0.114 0.161 0.130 0.106 0.166 0.168 0.155 0.162 0.162 0.139 0.125 0.121 0.135 0.116 0.114 0.105 0.014 0.014 0.015U72_Shizomid_T95463 0.133 0.147 0.124 0.131 0.146 0.121 0.122 0.146 0.132 0.161 0.124 0.120 0.139 0.152 0.129 0.152 0.131 0.129 0.142 0.138 0.130 0.133 0.133 0.147 0.124 0.155 0.149 0.138 0.140 0.133 0.130 0.129 0.134 0.006 0.010U74_Shizomid_T95462 0.139 0.158 0.127 0.130 0.152 0.133 0.124 0.135 0.129 0.163 0.133 0.122 0.147 0.140 0.135 0.152 0.132 0.129 0.145 0.130 0.139 0.140 0.140 0.150 0.130 0.152 0.150 0.146 0.142 0.130 0.132 0.125 0.137 0.018 0.010U83_Shizomid_T95450 0.147 0.144 0.124 0.133 0.153 0.144 0.131 0.149 0.130 0.160 0.137 0.125 0.131 0.150 0.140 0.152 0.132 0.137 0.153 0.138 0.127 0.141 0.137 0.142 0.122 0.147 0.146 0.151 0.154 0.145 0.141 0.124 0.141 0.078 0.0811. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Lineage IV12

6

IV92

IV11

1

IV12

8

IV10

8

IV13

4

IV12

9

IV10

0

Nfo

n

Ng

le

IT06

IT22

IS37

IS38

IS43

IS59

GY1

9

DH

1

L8 1

07b

Nm

an

Nd

ou

B3 6

0a

L26

BF14

sge

1m4

2

pm

01a

co

b12

pt0

3

rr3a

nr5

miw

ell

IV126 Camp-20150930-02 lin 1 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.008 0.010 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.008 0.014IV92 Budgie.20150604-02 lin 2 0.074 0.010 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.009 0.011 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.012 0.002IV111 MB13WARR010.20150606-01 lin 3 0.088 0.077 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.011 0.010 0.016 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.013IV128 DAVES-20150930-04 lin 4 0.101 0.110 0.109 0.014 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.011 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.016IV108 MB13WARR001-20150605-01 lin 5 0.139 0.137 0.147 0.142 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.018 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.015IV134 TOBRC0099-20150930-01 lin 6 0.148 0.147 0.151 0.150 0.158 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016IV129 DAVES-20150930-04 lin 7 0.302 0.292 0.291 0.303 0.295 0.273 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.022 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020IV100 Daves-20150604-01 lin 8 0.322 0.314 0.312 0.341 0.308 0.309 0.155 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.024 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.022KC315635 Niphargus fontanus 0.319 0.314 0.309 0.326 0.322 0.308 0.190 0.205 0.014 0.019 0.026 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.024 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023KC315646 Niphargus glenniei 0.330 0.322 0.315 0.330 0.326 0.328 0.190 0.213 0.167 0.020 0.026 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.022IT06 BHRC118.20151013-02 0.034 0.060 0.077 0.097 0.135 0.148 0.306 0.330 0.324 0.333 0.010 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.010 0.012IT22 BHRC231.20151014-03 0.047 0.074 0.079 0.108 0.140 0.145 0.322 0.348 0.348 0.338 0.045 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.021 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.011 0.014IS37 RHWB005 20150910 01 0.155 0.155 0.155 0.153 0.161 0.103 0.273 0.306 0.326 0.326 0.151 0.164 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016IS38 RHWB005 20150910 01 0.166 0.151 0.162 0.166 0.172 0.114 0.269 0.311 0.326 0.326 0.159 0.177 0.110 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.015IS43 RHWB006 20150910 01 0.144 0.136 0.144 0.147 0.099 0.186 0.297 0.311 0.325 0.331 0.134 0.129 0.158 0.188 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.011 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016IS59 KBRC1310 20150911 02 0.104 0.084 0.093 0.107 0.153 0.175 0.292 0.322 0.326 0.330 0.101 0.103 0.169 0.169 0.148 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.012GY19 BIL4nr-20141109-20 0.078 0.077 0.081 0.110 0.145 0.160 0.270 0.305 0.318 0.316 0.072 0.080 0.149 0.145 0.134 0.101 0.015 0.005 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.013 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.013 0.014DH1 BIL4nr-1112-03-01 0.166 0.169 0.167 0.155 0.188 0.151 0.291 0.309 0.317 0.319 0.163 0.179 0.137 0.151 0.196 0.175 0.155 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.007 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019L8 107b Nedsia sp 2 0.082 0.086 0.086 0.124 0.143 0.163 0.283 0.323 0.324 0.317 0.077 0.076 0.151 0.152 0.138 0.111 0.016 0.170 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.013 0.015Norcapensis mandibulis 0.168 0.159 0.152 0.176 0.182 0.168 0.294 0.292 0.315 0.294 0.165 0.168 0.171 0.168 0.197 0.173 0.165 0.170 0.163 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.017wc17 1 Nedsia douglasi 0.149 0.149 0.142 0.140 0.068 0.153 0.297 0.310 0.323 0.312 0.136 0.142 0.161 0.178 0.096 0.159 0.144 0.185 0.142 0.166 0.008 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.017 0.017B3 60a Nedsia sp 1 0.152 0.154 0.151 0.145 0.081 0.156 0.320 0.330 0.337 0.337 0.139 0.152 0.170 0.173 0.114 0.164 0.158 0.197 0.154 0.180 0.038 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.012 0.016 0.016L26 S5-200 unknown sp 3 0.175 0.171 0.175 0.168 0.189 0.152 0.289 0.311 0.315 0.317 0.165 0.182 0.151 0.152 0.202 0.178 0.159 0.029 0.165 0.168 0.178 0.187 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019BF14 X62P2-2011-01 0.183 0.180 0.181 0.186 0.161 0.156 0.277 0.294 0.324 0.313 0.187 0.195 0.154 0.149 0.178 0.188 0.173 0.169 0.186 0.176 0.174 0.175 0.171 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.016sge1m4 2 0.114 0.101 0.099 0.114 0.161 0.165 0.292 0.338 0.334 0.326 0.095 0.117 0.169 0.163 0.148 0.089 0.082 0.186 0.082 0.171 0.147 0.152 0.178 0.199 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.013 0.014pm01a 10 0.153 0.137 0.149 0.141 0.164 0.105 0.275 0.300 0.303 0.317 0.137 0.148 0.099 0.120 0.162 0.160 0.155 0.147 0.158 0.164 0.157 0.168 0.139 0.166 0.159 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.015cob12 5a 0.149 0.134 0.126 0.155 0.105 0.155 0.284 0.313 0.330 0.309 0.141 0.136 0.153 0.181 0.128 0.153 0.145 0.187 0.134 0.162 0.115 0.128 0.183 0.174 0.163 0.164 0.011 0.016 0.014pt03 11a 0.153 0.147 0.143 0.162 0.101 0.170 0.305 0.330 0.334 0.319 0.145 0.151 0.172 0.187 0.128 0.158 0.151 0.195 0.149 0.160 0.106 0.118 0.187 0.181 0.167 0.174 0.067 0.016 0.016rr3a 2b 0.027 0.076 0.095 0.113 0.139 0.139 0.298 0.328 0.321 0.324 0.040 0.054 0.158 0.164 0.139 0.101 0.080 0.164 0.082 0.172 0.146 0.145 0.164 0.202 0.106 0.149 0.151 0.155 0.012nr5miwelld 0.086 0.002 0.086 0.120 0.139 0.139 0.290 0.321 0.324 0.315 0.067 0.080 0.158 0.155 0.137 0.092 0.086 0.181 0.090 0.155 0.149 0.147 0.170 0.195 0.099 0.134 0.137 0.149 0.0781. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV13

9

IV14

0

IV14

1

IV14

3

IS87

Mm

ult

Gb

on

Gfla

v

Slin

Sse

x

Pmo

n

AK1

0

BQ12

BX11

BX12

BX13

BX8

BX9

CQ

2

CQ

3

CQ

5

CQ

6

EY5

G12

3

G12

4

G34

9

IV139_DD14MRR0004T1-01_Chilopoda 0.000 0.002 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019IV140_DD14MRR0004T1-01_Chilopoda 0.000 0.002 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019IV141_DD14MRR0005-T1-04_Chilopoda 0.003 0.003 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019IV143_MEARC4383-20151001-T2-01_Chilopoda 0.229 0.229 0.228 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.018IS87_KBRC136220150911T2_03_Geophilida_sp 0.227 0.227 0.225 0.219 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017AB610774_Mecistocephalus_multidentatus 0.191 0.191 0.190 0.229 0.188 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.019KF569297_Gnathoribautia_bonensis 0.206 0.206 0.206 0.235 0.239 0.202 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.019JN306685_Geophilus_flavus 0.223 0.223 0.220 0.281 0.231 0.217 0.194 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018KR736251_Stenotaenia_linearis 0.245 0.245 0.243 0.271 0.264 0.240 0.216 0.196 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.018 0.018AY288745_Scolopocryptops_sexspinosus_Cryptopidae 0.221 0.221 0.220 0.218 0.220 0.223 0.225 0.235 0.244 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.017AF334321_Paralamyctes_monteithi_Henicopidae 0.191 0.191 0.189 0.210 0.232 0.198 0.205 0.254 0.242 0.206 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018AK10_PE111022_Cryptop_DC10 0.252 0.252 0.251 0.211 0.239 0.250 0.229 0.245 0.272 0.218 0.213 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018BQ12_PES_5087_Cryptops_won1 0.232 0.232 0.232 0.215 0.225 0.226 0.227 0.237 0.262 0.190 0.213 0.198 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.020 0.017 0.015BX11_PES-0968_Cryptops_pilbara1 0.250 0.250 0.246 0.227 0.230 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.268 0.214 0.224 0.194 0.213 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.010 0.019 0.019 0.018BX12_PES-3783_Cryptops_pilbara2 0.234 0.234 0.233 0.209 0.231 0.229 0.249 0.260 0.260 0.240 0.247 0.219 0.233 0.169 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018BX13_991-5262_Cryptops_MH1 0.237 0.237 0.237 0.230 0.248 0.246 0.260 0.271 0.271 0.239 0.251 0.218 0.236 0.201 0.184 0.003 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.019BX8_PES-5889_Cryptops_MH2 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.225 0.248 0.248 0.262 0.272 0.272 0.244 0.253 0.215 0.233 0.201 0.181 0.006 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.018 0.019 0.019BX9_PES-5272_Cryptops_MH2 0.232 0.232 0.229 0.204 0.231 0.247 0.255 0.271 0.266 0.213 0.215 0.208 0.218 0.173 0.186 0.175 0.175 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019CQ2_nr_Cryptops_sp._B15_CCWUNK05 0.246 0.246 0.246 0.198 0.225 0.228 0.238 0.240 0.283 0.230 0.249 0.207 0.192 0.210 0.194 0.228 0.222 0.228 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.016CQ3_Cryptops_sp._B32_CC1798 0.227 0.227 0.227 0.220 0.229 0.229 0.246 0.246 0.254 0.220 0.239 0.211 0.198 0.193 0.174 0.127 0.124 0.171 0.197 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.016CQ5_nr_Cryptops_sp._B11_PCRC088 0.236 0.236 0.233 0.180 0.225 0.236 0.233 0.257 0.272 0.220 0.191 0.204 0.194 0.209 0.218 0.220 0.225 0.229 0.185 0.205 0.016 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.016CQ6_Cryptops_sp._B30_1106_13_EX13 0.227 0.227 0.228 0.220 0.244 0.246 0.255 0.264 0.271 0.211 0.227 0.193 0.220 0.178 0.153 0.178 0.175 0.167 0.204 0.164 0.205 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018EY5_Cryptops_sp_B35 0.241 0.241 0.238 0.202 0.229 0.241 0.249 0.236 0.268 0.217 0.230 0.197 0.225 0.062 0.157 0.213 0.210 0.150 0.208 0.180 0.218 0.176 0.021 0.021 0.019G123_Cryptops_Upper_South_Fortescue 0.235 0.235 0.232 0.234 0.239 0.246 0.223 0.243 0.267 0.207 0.216 0.222 0.237 0.242 0.236 0.257 0.254 0.250 0.236 0.248 0.230 0.213 0.261 0.019 0.017G124_Cryptops_Upper_South_Fortescue 0.242 0.242 0.241 0.204 0.236 0.236 0.232 0.265 0.271 0.216 0.214 0.220 0.170 0.227 0.236 0.228 0.231 0.225 0.209 0.220 0.182 0.221 0.225 0.241 0.016G349_Cryptopidae_sp_MJ_LN9808 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.211 0.219 0.243 0.224 0.245 0.280 0.211 0.210 0.203 0.158 0.220 0.239 0.231 0.228 0.223 0.192 0.195 0.182 0.217 0.227 0.226 0.1661. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV14

4

IV14

5

IV14

6

IV14

7

IV14

8

IV15

0

IV15

1

IV15

2

IV15

3

FH1

J11-

1

BX6

BX7

G34

4

G34

8

CF5

CF6

CF7

CF8

CF9

CF1

0

CF1

3

CF1

7

CF1

8+Y1

:Y31

ed

ited

_JIN

0968

R_Z

up

hiin

i_sp

._C

ara

bid

ae

Nvi

o

Pmu

t

Hd

is

Sto

b

Eib

l

Tsp

Kalm

IV144_DD14MRR0004T1-03_Coleoptera 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016IV145_DD14MRR0004T1-03_Coleoptera 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016IV146_DD14MRR0004T1-03_Coleoptera 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016IV147_DD14MRR0004T1-03_Coleoptera 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016IV148_DD14MRR009-20150808-T3-01_Coleoptera 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.015IV150_RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-02_Coleoptera 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.190 0.015 0.007 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015IV151_MEARC3814-20150807-T1-02_Coleoptera 0.198 0.198 0.198 0.198 0.205 0.234 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.012 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.014IV152_MEARC4400-t1-01_Coleoptera 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.190 0.032 0.234 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015IV153_MEARC4400-t1-01_Coleoptera 0.211 0.211 0.211 0.211 0.215 0.239 0.198 0.236 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.003 0.015 0.015 0.016FH1_Curculionidae_Genus2_B15_EW0540 0.236 0.236 0.236 0.236 0.202 0.231 0.225 0.234 0.234 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015PSF0019R_LN6326_J11-1_Zuphiinae_S1_Carabidae 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.216 0.249 0.268 0.197 0.274 0.232 0.211 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.004 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.019BX6_PES-5290_Bembidion_MH1_CaK_Carabidae 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.243 0.300 0.197 0.310 0.222 0.262 0.202 0.008 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018BX7_PES-5285_Bembidion_MH1_CaK_Carabidae 0.225 0.225 0.225 0.225 0.239 0.296 0.186 0.303 0.216 0.255 0.190 0.031 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.020G344_LN9362_Anillini_sp_OP_Carabidae 0.211 0.211 0.211 0.211 0.217 0.274 0.164 0.269 0.211 0.247 0.196 0.160 0.152 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.019G348_LN8860_Zuphiini_sp_UM_Carabidae 0.236 0.236 0.236 0.236 0.261 0.287 0.202 0.280 0.216 0.224 0.116 0.198 0.180 0.189 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.023 0.022CF5_GB0002R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B06 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.173 0.224 0.204 0.228 0.214 0.199 0.231 0.217 0.219 0.234 0.228 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.014CF6_GF0421R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B02 0.217 0.217 0.217 0.217 0.180 0.217 0.196 0.218 0.214 0.197 0.230 0.226 0.223 0.242 0.228 0.036 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.013CF7_PSC0890R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B02 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.177 0.215 0.193 0.223 0.206 0.200 0.233 0.228 0.217 0.230 0.233 0.046 0.045 0.004 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.013CF8_PSD0107R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B08 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.177 0.217 0.201 0.224 0.209 0.199 0.236 0.235 0.223 0.234 0.239 0.042 0.038 0.013 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.013CF9_SF0034R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B07 0.215 0.215 0.215 0.215 0.167 0.209 0.190 0.214 0.208 0.188 0.224 0.223 0.221 0.238 0.226 0.029 0.024 0.041 0.039 0.004 0.004 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.013CF10_SF0139R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B07 0.214 0.214 0.214 0.214 0.176 0.220 0.192 0.221 0.209 0.188 0.219 0.228 0.221 0.240 0.226 0.038 0.024 0.039 0.035 0.014 0.004 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.014CF13_SF0725R_Curculionidae_Genus_1_sp._B09 0.218 0.218 0.218 0.218 0.171 0.220 0.196 0.218 0.208 0.192 0.224 0.221 0.223 0.238 0.230 0.035 0.021 0.038 0.033 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.014CF17_PSC0889R_Zuphiini_sp_B03_Carabidae 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.231 0.256 0.183 0.258 0.220 0.196 0.010 0.179 0.170 0.175 0.115 0.216 0.214 0.221 0.223 0.207 0.206 0.206 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.018CF18_edited_JIN0968R_Zuphiini_sp._Carabidae 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.211 0.249 0.184 0.249 0.209 0.188 0.124 0.195 0.173 0.188 0.117 0.196 0.199 0.195 0.197 0.188 0.192 0.193 0.114 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.015KJ961916_Necrobia_violacea_voucher_ZMUO_Cleridae 0.166 0.166 0.166 0.166 0.202 0.240 0.175 0.243 0.170 0.202 0.205 0.213 0.203 0.176 0.222 0.210 0.205 0.208 0.208 0.201 0.202 0.201 0.202 0.193 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015EU710801_Pterostichus_mutus_Carabidae 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.204 0.247 0.124 0.251 0.210 0.227 0.188 0.184 0.188 0.150 0.226 0.194 0.191 0.207 0.210 0.182 0.189 0.188 0.183 0.213 0.166 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.016HM180603_Harpalus_discrepans_Carabidae 0.182 0.182 0.182 0.182 0.170 0.237 0.135 0.237 0.174 0.221 0.185 0.174 0.174 0.128 0.204 0.176 0.180 0.177 0.179 0.170 0.177 0.173 0.169 0.180 0.150 0.106 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.015KJ962132_Stricticollis_tobias_Anthicidae 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.223 0.249 0.205 0.246 0.009 0.243 0.238 0.225 0.222 0.210 0.227 0.220 0.220 0.210 0.213 0.214 0.216 0.214 0.231 0.214 0.166 0.216 0.181 0.015 0.015 0.016GU213687_Echinodera_ibleiensis_Curculionidae 0.252 0.252 0.252 0.252 0.214 0.190 0.223 0.195 0.222 0.219 0.272 0.284 0.284 0.256 0.255 0.208 0.202 0.198 0.199 0.205 0.208 0.207 0.266 0.225 0.216 0.245 0.222 0.223 0.016 0.016HE615891_Trigonopterus_sp._Curculionidae 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.224 0.196 0.215 0.204 0.216 0.205 0.246 0.298 0.284 0.263 0.267 0.209 0.202 0.190 0.201 0.192 0.193 0.195 0.244 0.231 0.218 0.224 0.218 0.218 0.198 0.016EU286486_Kyklioacalles_almadensis_Curculionidae 0.237 0.237 0.237 0.237 0.159 0.226 0.181 0.228 0.215 0.181 0.214 0.231 0.217 0.212 0.212 0.175 0.182 0.182 0.185 0.171 0.182 0.179 0.203 0.182 0.182 0.191 0.191 0.219 0.193 0.2121. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV15

4_D

D11

MEB

001T

1-01

_Dip

lura

IV15

5_D

D11

MEB

001T

1-01

_Dip

lura

IV15

6_D

D11

MEC

0005

-02_

Dip

lura

IV15

7_D

D14

MEB

0005

-201

5100

1-T3

-02_

Dip

lura

IV15

9_R

C14

MEB

0101

-201

5100

1-T2

-01_

Dip

lura

Dsp

Jso

l

Ctil

Lwe

b

BX29

BX30

BX40

BX16

BX17

G47

3

BQ7

BQ10

G33

3

G33

4

G33

6

BQ11

BQ8

G43

2

G43

3

G32

9

G33

0

G33

1

G33

2

IT74

IV154_DD11MEB001T1-01_Diplura 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016IV155_DD11MEB001T1-01_Diplura 0.144 0.015 0.009 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.014IV156_DD11MEC0005-02_Diplura 0.261 0.256 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.018 0.016 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.014IV157_DD14MEB0005-20151001-T3-02_Diplura 0.153 0.054 0.243 0.003 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.014IV159_RC14MEB0101-20151001-T2-01_Diplura 0.153 0.047 0.241 0.006 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.014Diplura_sp._HQ943342_DA 0.249 0.227 0.263 0.223 0.222 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.014Japyx_solifugus_AY771989_DC 0.257 0.254 0.207 0.239 0.242 0.243 0.017 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016AF370844_Campodea_tillyardi 0.219 0.222 0.281 0.216 0.214 0.214 0.260 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.018HQ882832_Lepidocampa_weberi 0.253 0.211 0.263 0.213 0.215 0.233 0.250 0.233 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.018BX29_PES-5141_Parajapygidae_MH1_DS 0.273 0.270 0.175 0.258 0.258 0.263 0.222 0.278 0.247 0.007 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.013 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.016BX30_PES-5190_Parajapygidae_MH1_DS 0.276 0.268 0.178 0.255 0.255 0.267 0.226 0.274 0.244 0.030 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.011 0.014 0.017BX40_PES-5878_Projapygidae_MH1_DT 0.283 0.295 0.274 0.281 0.278 0.275 0.257 0.287 0.289 0.270 0.280 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018BX16_PES-5195_Japygidae_MH1_DQ 0.229 0.215 0.203 0.210 0.210 0.220 0.179 0.249 0.204 0.213 0.219 0.235 0.011 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014BX17_PES-5952_Japygidae_MH1_DR 0.252 0.237 0.204 0.223 0.224 0.248 0.200 0.267 0.213 0.204 0.208 0.262 0.130 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.013G473_111138b_Anajapygidae_sp_NS_DB 0.226 0.251 0.242 0.248 0.247 0.245 0.236 0.252 0.257 0.244 0.253 0.253 0.215 0.232 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.017BQ7_PES_4269_Projapygidae_DK 0.285 0.267 0.246 0.253 0.251 0.287 0.278 0.282 0.285 0.251 0.256 0.168 0.235 0.234 0.258 0.010 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017BQ10_PES_2546_Projapygidae_DL 0.292 0.285 0.245 0.262 0.264 0.283 0.265 0.280 0.286 0.246 0.251 0.168 0.246 0.248 0.258 0.113 0.014 0.015 0.011 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017G333_LN8949_Projapygidae_sp_MJ_DN 0.290 0.298 0.270 0.281 0.284 0.278 0.251 0.283 0.283 0.265 0.264 0.187 0.248 0.241 0.267 0.170 0.187 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.017G334_LN9141_Projapygidae_sp_UM_DO 0.287 0.297 0.262 0.283 0.280 0.269 0.254 0.275 0.269 0.270 0.274 0.168 0.246 0.258 0.276 0.183 0.181 0.141 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017G336_LN9557_Projapygidae_sp_OP_DM 0.271 0.289 0.251 0.265 0.265 0.254 0.246 0.278 0.277 0.242 0.254 0.168 0.236 0.243 0.255 0.143 0.134 0.160 0.145 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017BQ11_PES_5439_Projapygidae_won1_DP 0.271 0.300 0.249 0.286 0.281 0.255 0.233 0.246 0.268 0.257 0.270 0.143 0.220 0.238 0.242 0.156 0.162 0.156 0.152 0.146 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.018BQ8_PES_4283_Japygidae_won1_DE 0.248 0.233 0.185 0.226 0.224 0.216 0.185 0.251 0.230 0.210 0.217 0.252 0.138 0.147 0.215 0.247 0.252 0.255 0.242 0.242 0.233 0.015 0.013 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014G432_110953_Japygidae_sp_Central_Pilbara_DH 0.255 0.263 0.205 0.246 0.245 0.247 0.202 0.270 0.252 0.199 0.217 0.272 0.157 0.149 0.232 0.252 0.260 0.280 0.258 0.255 0.245 0.172 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.013G433_110848_Japygidae_Central_Pilbara_sp_DG 0.261 0.247 0.191 0.227 0.226 0.244 0.190 0.259 0.227 0.204 0.213 0.247 0.128 0.153 0.226 0.237 0.247 0.258 0.256 0.228 0.231 0.142 0.169 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014G329_LN9310_Japygidae_sp_MA_DF 0.255 0.251 0.194 0.241 0.238 0.237 0.186 0.245 0.233 0.215 0.211 0.234 0.137 0.163 0.228 0.256 0.255 0.255 0.251 0.248 0.249 0.112 0.183 0.158 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.015G330_LN8732_Japygidae_sp_MJ_DD 0.247 0.234 0.218 0.229 0.227 0.230 0.168 0.253 0.251 0.204 0.193 0.241 0.171 0.185 0.205 0.246 0.237 0.241 0.267 0.226 0.227 0.181 0.182 0.163 0.161 0.013 0.014 0.015G331_LN9880_Parajapygidae_sp_MJ_DI 0.286 0.279 0.190 0.268 0.271 0.267 0.217 0.293 0.282 0.152 0.151 0.272 0.210 0.219 0.261 0.275 0.267 0.252 0.274 0.259 0.271 0.204 0.231 0.204 0.219 0.223 0.012 0.017G332_LN8894_Parajapygidae_sp_MJ_DJ 0.277 0.265 0.187 0.255 0.257 0.257 0.219 0.290 0.263 0.174 0.164 0.283 0.203 0.213 0.245 0.273 0.267 0.252 0.262 0.255 0.273 0.211 0.220 0.201 0.205 0.209 0.152 0.016IT74_BHRC0514-151013-T2-02_Diplura 0.257 0.257 0.197 0.252 0.254 0.242 0.172 0.277 0.258 0.223 0.232 0.238 0.161 0.152 0.221 0.230 0.249 0.260 0.266 0.252 0.237 0.163 0.158 0.155 0.169 0.164 0.210 0.2131. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV16

7

IV17

1

IV17

2

IV17

5

IV17

6

IV17

7

IV17

8

IV17

9

IV18

1

IV18

9

An

as

Bsp

Hsp

10

Hsp

12

Hsp

21

Lya

l

Psp

1

Psp

4

B12

EO10

EO11

EO12

J17-

2

G17

3

G17

5

G35

0

G92

J17-

5

J17-

9

J17-

11

I49

IE37

IE39

IE40

IE45

IE50

IS10

5

IS11

1

IS12

6

IS92

IS97

IT40

IV167_M2ERC053-T2-01_Isopoda 0.016 0.016 0.009 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.022 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.013 0.018 0.024 0.013IV171_MEARC4923-20150930-T1-01_Isopoda 0.225 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.007 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.014 0.025 0.014 0.010 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.024 0.015IV172_MELUNK02-20151001-T1-03_Isopoda 0.203 0.238 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.022 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.015IV175_RC13MRR0014-20151002-T1-01_Isopoda 0.070 0.224 0.191 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.013 0.017 0.021 0.012IV176_RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-03_Isopoda 0.240 0.231 0.259 0.242 0.017 0.017 0.011 0.016 0.011 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.023 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.015 0.021 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.014IV177_RC14MEB0088-20151001-T3-01_Isopoda 0.227 0.166 0.226 0.220 0.218 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.023 0.014 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.024 0.016IV178_RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-01_Isopoda 0.189 0.201 0.194 0.191 0.224 0.238 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.023 0.015 0.021 0.015 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.022 0.014IV179_TOBRC0020-20151001-T2-02_Isopoda 0.240 0.201 0.238 0.232 0.082 0.207 0.227 0.015 0.010 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.014 0.023 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.022 0.016IV181_MEARC2401-20150807-T2-03_Isopoda 0.230 0.038 0.230 0.224 0.228 0.169 0.207 0.207 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.024 0.015 0.006 0.022 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.024 0.016IV189_TOBRC0020-t1-01_Isopoda 0.241 0.216 0.242 0.236 0.076 0.211 0.235 0.067 0.207 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.022 0.014FN824099_Armadillidium_nasatum 0.203 0.215 0.195 0.206 0.223 0.219 0.189 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.015 0.023 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.015AB626254_Burmoniscus_sp. 0.222 0.210 0.244 0.210 0.229 0.206 0.207 0.209 0.216 0.219 0.206 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.021 0.015 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.022 0.016Haloniscus_sp._10_EU364592 0.193 0.230 0.197 0.194 0.232 0.219 0.196 0.227 0.228 0.230 0.182 0.205 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.014Haloniscus_sp._12_EU364601 0.206 0.233 0.230 0.223 0.227 0.231 0.208 0.220 0.231 0.222 0.197 0.220 0.149 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.012 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.023 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.021 0.016 0.015 0.022 0.017EU364622_Haloniscus_sp._21 0.186 0.202 0.213 0.190 0.225 0.217 0.191 0.213 0.208 0.211 0.204 0.222 0.147 0.168 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.014 0.016 0.022 0.015EU364629_Laevophiloscia_yalgoorensis 0.193 0.250 0.202 0.197 0.235 0.246 0.212 0.241 0.246 0.239 0.210 0.230 0.207 0.223 0.221 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.022 0.016 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.022 0.014 0.019 0.019 0.014EU107646_Pygolabis_sp._1 0.248 0.259 0.264 0.239 0.282 0.250 0.253 0.255 0.260 0.282 0.244 0.240 0.240 0.264 0.235 0.257 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.018 0.019 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.025 0.016EU107664_Pygolabis_sp._4 0.224 0.253 0.246 0.228 0.275 0.266 0.250 0.270 0.250 0.282 0.220 0.240 0.228 0.240 0.242 0.240 0.155 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.024 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.017 0.019 0.023 0.015b12_20_1b_Isopoda 0.269 0.292 0.292 0.269 0.290 0.279 0.287 0.292 0.289 0.295 0.255 0.266 0.243 0.236 0.266 0.249 0.279 0.275 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.022 0.017 0.024 0.018 0.022 0.022 0.018 0.023 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.018EO10_Troglarmadillo_sp._B39_MG0198R 0.232 0.204 0.211 0.230 0.215 0.200 0.239 0.198 0.198 0.201 0.209 0.221 0.224 0.211 0.217 0.230 0.251 0.253 0.284 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.021 0.018 0.015 0.022 0.017EO11_Troglarmadillo_ISO005_EKP0042 0.217 0.219 0.220 0.213 0.250 0.223 0.227 0.227 0.219 0.227 0.230 0.227 0.227 0.239 0.211 0.227 0.268 0.253 0.292 0.197 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.021 0.012 0.021 0.013 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.021 0.016EO12_Troglarmadillo_sp._B42_EEX0561 0.246 0.224 0.235 0.249 0.198 0.232 0.236 0.181 0.219 0.190 0.235 0.233 0.244 0.236 0.231 0.258 0.251 0.244 0.326 0.190 0.210 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.015 0.021 0.018EXR1356_J17-2 0.243 0.237 0.243 0.246 0.209 0.247 0.245 0.189 0.235 0.205 0.227 0.246 0.244 0.257 0.236 0.247 0.284 0.253 0.311 0.209 0.229 0.174 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.023 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.023 0.016G173_Philosciidae_S1_100421 0.188 0.210 0.214 0.193 0.237 0.224 0.204 0.231 0.216 0.225 0.200 0.214 0.163 0.189 0.156 0.210 0.242 0.237 0.270 0.221 0.222 0.247 0.248 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.021 0.016 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.022 0.014G175_Philosciidae_S1_LN7657 0.193 0.228 0.216 0.191 0.237 0.231 0.224 0.224 0.239 0.239 0.193 0.227 0.161 0.170 0.160 0.207 0.246 0.240 0.256 0.227 0.230 0.234 0.245 0.178 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.015 0.022 0.015G350_LN9740_Troglamadillo_sp_OP 0.225 0.225 0.229 0.219 0.188 0.220 0.223 0.200 0.216 0.197 0.210 0.230 0.219 0.217 0.210 0.238 0.266 0.240 0.311 0.198 0.204 0.145 0.160 0.222 0.229 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.017 0.023 0.016 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.023 0.017G92_Troglarmadillo_sp_LN8501 0.230 0.197 0.242 0.239 0.201 0.204 0.216 0.181 0.193 0.185 0.234 0.214 0.227 0.228 0.213 0.238 0.259 0.266 0.316 0.196 0.201 0.182 0.217 0.236 0.233 0.204 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.019 0.014 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.017 0.013 0.023 0.016GA0136R_J17-5 0.217 0.206 0.234 0.217 0.236 0.217 0.220 0.216 0.205 0.214 0.229 0.209 0.203 0.222 0.205 0.228 0.273 0.253 0.282 0.196 0.141 0.203 0.217 0.208 0.233 0.193 0.183 0.014 0.013 0.020 0.014 0.017 0.014 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.014 0.020 0.015GFR002_J17-9 0.246 0.221 0.243 0.238 0.220 0.226 0.236 0.211 0.218 0.206 0.252 0.229 0.228 0.238 0.219 0.241 0.264 0.260 0.297 0.203 0.168 0.209 0.217 0.245 0.243 0.221 0.194 0.148 0.012 0.021 0.014 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.022 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.015 0.020 0.016GSR0020_J17-11 0.238 0.215 0.247 0.232 0.234 0.224 0.251 0.220 0.215 0.224 0.251 0.224 0.230 0.233 0.217 0.247 0.273 0.264 0.289 0.218 0.174 0.235 0.231 0.245 0.253 0.223 0.208 0.150 0.130 0.021 0.014 0.019 0.015 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.021 0.015I49-PT04_Isopoda 0.258 0.274 0.263 0.247 0.291 0.271 0.289 0.284 0.267 0.295 0.256 0.256 0.256 0.263 0.271 0.293 0.171 0.155 0.265 0.269 0.289 0.295 0.306 0.265 0.289 0.278 0.287 0.269 0.280 0.274 0.021 0.027 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.026 0.019 0.020 0.026 0.018IE37_BHRC122-20141216-T2-03 0.222 0.223 0.233 0.220 0.218 0.214 0.213 0.195 0.217 0.202 0.227 0.230 0.218 0.223 0.214 0.236 0.271 0.259 0.284 0.196 0.170 0.204 0.208 0.228 0.232 0.209 0.191 0.167 0.162 0.166 0.282 0.018 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.015IE39_TBRC045P3T1-3 0.246 0.267 0.270 0.270 0.219 0.258 0.227 0.217 0.267 0.229 0.262 0.262 0.264 0.257 0.245 0.266 0.313 0.288 0.317 0.253 0.251 0.243 0.248 0.248 0.281 0.236 0.243 0.222 0.262 0.258 0.318 0.239 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.025 0.022IE40_CWRC155P3T2-1 0.222 0.214 0.217 0.224 0.223 0.218 0.230 0.204 0.217 0.205 0.221 0.200 0.228 0.227 0.226 0.213 0.271 0.253 0.280 0.192 0.214 0.211 0.212 0.220 0.232 0.204 0.207 0.222 0.227 0.217 0.267 0.218 0.243 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.015IE45_MEARC2999P6T2-1 0.231 0.038 0.261 0.232 0.227 0.169 0.223 0.218 0.012 0.228 0.223 0.223 0.236 0.248 0.224 0.250 0.270 0.260 0.294 0.216 0.244 0.239 0.254 0.225 0.254 0.232 0.221 0.223 0.232 0.225 0.259 0.235 0.267 0.230 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.024 0.017IE50_RC08MEJ0076P2T2-1 0.297 0.296 0.301 0.272 0.283 0.275 0.288 0.283 0.294 0.272 0.268 0.275 0.222 0.248 0.233 0.296 0.321 0.321 0.274 0.281 0.305 0.301 0.312 0.248 0.257 0.277 0.309 0.268 0.305 0.327 0.323 0.296 0.316 0.303 0.306 0.020 0.024 0.016 0.021 0.023 0.018IS105_TSOOPP03_20150709_T2_03_Lin_3 0.262 0.216 0.236 0.256 0.230 0.232 0.244 0.218 0.220 0.226 0.242 0.244 0.236 0.245 0.248 0.264 0.266 0.273 0.291 0.231 0.226 0.245 0.237 0.255 0.241 0.235 0.201 0.198 0.213 0.213 0.278 0.216 0.265 0.258 0.232 0.294 0.021 0.017 0.014 0.022 0.018IS111_CWRC937_20150912_T2_01_Lin_2 0.237 0.215 0.223 0.228 0.221 0.228 0.225 0.220 0.212 0.223 0.230 0.238 0.223 0.247 0.244 0.262 0.299 0.274 0.309 0.217 0.230 0.240 0.246 0.253 0.246 0.233 0.233 0.217 0.228 0.238 0.305 0.205 0.240 0.253 0.223 0.302 0.240 0.019 0.016 0.021 0.021IS126_KBRC1154_20150909_T2_01_Lin_6 0.154 0.229 0.183 0.148 0.240 0.243 0.183 0.229 0.235 0.235 0.188 0.218 0.191 0.209 0.195 0.195 0.242 0.231 0.276 0.215 0.232 0.240 0.250 0.202 0.212 0.240 0.239 0.240 0.242 0.237 0.256 0.232 0.258 0.238 0.246 0.292 0.252 0.261 0.016 0.024 0.014IS92_RHRC414_20150709_T2_02_Lin_1 0.240 0.206 0.233 0.242 0.211 0.203 0.231 0.198 0.209 0.203 0.237 0.234 0.233 0.225 0.211 0.251 0.275 0.284 0.291 0.203 0.209 0.220 0.250 0.255 0.233 0.221 0.190 0.186 0.202 0.204 0.293 0.194 0.241 0.232 0.235 0.277 0.215 0.120 0.253 0.022 0.018IS97_CWRC485.20150709_T1_04_Lin_5 0.234 0.251 0.251 0.227 0.256 0.264 0.199 0.258 0.256 0.264 0.240 0.251 0.223 0.220 0.252 0.205 0.311 0.291 0.256 0.258 0.251 0.264 0.276 0.227 0.251 0.261 0.256 0.227 0.269 0.266 0.322 0.253 0.279 0.230 0.258 0.287 0.276 0.238 0.253 0.240 0.023IT40_BHRCOPP1-151013-T3-02_Isopoda 0.130 0.228 0.193 0.121 0.227 0.229 0.196 0.223 0.231 0.220 0.209 0.206 0.200 0.201 0.191 0.186 0.244 0.222 0.272 0.223 0.223 0.261 0.236 0.184 0.204 0.226 0.234 0.217 0.237 0.234 0.245 0.229 0.272 0.228 0.232 0.288 0.264 0.246 0.140 0.239 0.2331. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV21

2

IV22

6

IV20

3

IV21

0

Au

ssp

Tyrs

p

Lag

jo

CM

18

G31

9

G32

4

G32

8

G21

9

G22

0

G11

8

J20-

6

PI01

2

EA02

70R

LB08

4

EAP0

178

GF0

173R

JIN

0078

R

EJR

0202

IS01

IS05

IS06

IS08

IS10

IS11

IS12

IV212_DD14MEL0001-20151001-T2-02_lin_9 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.025 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.020IV226_RC14MRR0020-20151002-T2-01_lin_10 0.111 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.023 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.019IV203_DD14MRR0004T1-04_lin_11 0.204 0.207 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.019IV210_MEARC3814-20150606-02sc_lin_12 0.218 0.238 0.156 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.019EU559513_Austrochtonia_sp 0.196 0.207 0.166 0.189 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.021EU559506_Tyrannochthonius_sp._JM-2008 0.296 0.293 0.283 0.278 0.261 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.021 0.000 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.023EU559503_Lagynochthonius_johni 0.231 0.226 0.215 0.233 0.203 0.276 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.024 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.023 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021CM18_RC11KOOD0193P2T1-2_Lagynochthonius_sp. 0.216 0.216 0.182 0.216 0.203 0.254 0.226 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.018 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020G319_LN8720_Chthoniid_sp_MJ 0.247 0.249 0.210 0.220 0.191 0.289 0.235 0.242 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.024 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.024G324_101086_Tyrannochthonius_sp_MA 0.212 0.212 0.176 0.203 0.179 0.252 0.220 0.178 0.191 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.024 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.020G328_LN9199_Tyrannochthonius_sp_OP 0.211 0.216 0.187 0.199 0.181 0.208 0.236 0.180 0.209 0.171 0.020 0.018 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.018 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.020G219_Pseudoscorpian_108935 0.216 0.221 0.184 0.179 0.176 0.280 0.226 0.198 0.225 0.187 0.169 0.014 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.020 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.017G220_Pseudoscorpian_109177 0.211 0.221 0.177 0.195 0.185 0.293 0.206 0.202 0.237 0.191 0.184 0.117 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.018G118_Tyrannochthonius 0.275 0.278 0.238 0.238 0.238 0.240 0.261 0.278 0.241 0.252 0.249 0.232 0.235 0.022 0.018 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.021 0.021EXR1148_J20-6_Ministers_N_Lagy_S4 0.234 0.234 0.216 0.207 0.201 0.000 0.216 0.192 0.243 0.201 0.178 0.216 0.225 0.231 0.022 0.021 0.000 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.022PI012_Hashimoto_Tyran 0.216 0.246 0.183 0.207 0.192 0.197 0.222 0.210 0.210 0.216 0.160 0.189 0.192 0.195 0.197 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.019 0.025EA0270R_OB24_Lag_B2 0.265 0.268 0.214 0.223 0.229 0.228 0.265 0.232 0.271 0.193 0.202 0.193 0.199 0.265 0.228 0.228 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.023LB084_Hashimoto_Tyrann 0.291 0.288 0.277 0.272 0.259 0.000 0.275 0.246 0.289 0.252 0.208 0.275 0.288 0.240 0.000 0.197 0.228 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.025 0.024 0.021 0.023EAP0178_OB24_Tyran_B1 0.218 0.221 0.253 0.250 0.241 0.267 0.282 0.268 0.279 0.247 0.226 0.235 0.268 0.291 0.267 0.267 0.280 0.267 0.019 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.022 0.023 0.022 0.022GF0173R_MAC_dep_F_Lag_B2 0.255 0.249 0.208 0.235 0.194 0.189 0.223 0.188 0.223 0.188 0.155 0.205 0.211 0.226 0.189 0.183 0.238 0.189 0.265 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.022JIN0078R_BHP772_Jinaryi_Lagynochthonius 0.277 0.283 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.240 0.263 0.283 0.244 0.255 0.252 0.235 0.238 0.000 0.231 0.195 0.265 0.240 0.291 0.226 0.000 0.022 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.021 0.022EJR0202_2_9_9_ob18_Tyrranochthonius_B2 0.252 0.255 0.217 0.217 0.217 0.231 0.243 0.261 0.223 0.232 0.226 0.214 0.214 0.000 0.231 0.195 0.265 0.231 0.291 0.226 0.000 0.021 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.021IS01 0.187 0.207 0.204 0.198 0.214 0.308 0.249 0.238 0.230 0.210 0.206 0.198 0.211 0.306 0.240 0.234 0.256 0.304 0.206 0.258 0.311 0.287 0.017 0.016 0.012 0.019 0.020 0.008IS05 0.204 0.202 0.236 0.222 0.244 0.303 0.242 0.220 0.267 0.215 0.225 0.168 0.200 0.295 0.246 0.263 0.259 0.298 0.224 0.264 0.300 0.276 0.167 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016IS06 0.187 0.189 0.193 0.216 0.228 0.311 0.229 0.222 0.249 0.217 0.206 0.177 0.200 0.306 0.249 0.246 0.256 0.306 0.238 0.273 0.311 0.284 0.149 0.116 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.015IS08 0.189 0.216 0.216 0.207 0.230 0.311 0.256 0.236 0.237 0.208 0.230 0.205 0.214 0.309 0.246 0.260 0.271 0.306 0.221 0.267 0.311 0.290 0.093 0.149 0.136 0.018 0.020 0.013IS10 0.240 0.238 0.200 0.193 0.210 0.298 0.229 0.224 0.235 0.215 0.221 0.209 0.230 0.255 0.228 0.228 0.250 0.293 0.268 0.238 0.258 0.238 0.227 0.231 0.258 0.222 0.019 0.019IS11 0.193 0.193 0.144 0.187 0.184 0.285 0.210 0.189 0.237 0.187 0.194 0.166 0.189 0.235 0.225 0.178 0.244 0.280 0.294 0.194 0.238 0.214 0.229 0.209 0.227 0.222 0.176 0.022IS12 0.196 0.202 0.204 0.204 0.217 0.303 0.249 0.220 0.232 0.203 0.199 0.186 0.195 0.309 0.240 0.243 0.247 0.296 0.197 0.249 0.314 0.290 0.053 0.147 0.147 0.091 0.236 0.2331. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV20

1

IV21

7

IV20

6

IV20

9

IV20

2

IV21

1

IV21

3

IV21

9

IV20

5

IV20

8

IV20

7

Ind

sp

DF1

8

FZ1

G10

7

GB0

018R

GC

0103

R

IT72

PSF0

090R

Pars

u

IV201_DD14MEB0002-20150607-01sc_Pseudoscorpiones 0.009 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.021IV217_RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-01_Pseudoscorpiones 0.049 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.021IV206_DD14MRR0008-20150808-T1-02_Pseudoscorpiones 0.213 0.227 0.009 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.025 0.024 0.022 0.024 0.020IV209_M2ERC027-t2-03_Pseudoscorpiones 0.207 0.222 0.036 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.020IV202_DD14MRR0004T1-04_Pseudoscorpiones 0.267 0.260 0.262 0.262 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.022 0.026 0.029 0.028 0.023 0.028 0.022IV211_RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-02_Pseudoscorpiones 0.227 0.224 0.240 0.227 0.224 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.025 0.028 0.028 0.020 0.027 0.020IV213_DD14MRR0009-20151002-T2-02_Pseudoscorpiones 0.253 0.258 0.249 0.240 0.227 0.131 0.017 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.026 0.030 0.030 0.017 0.028 0.023IV219_RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-02_Pseudoscorpiones 0.252 0.254 0.261 0.252 0.242 0.141 0.134 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.024 0.018 0.025 0.027 0.027 0.016 0.026 0.020IV205_DD14MRR0005-T2-01_Pseudoscorpiones 0.298 0.304 0.309 0.304 0.282 0.282 0.287 0.289 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.025 0.027 0.026 0.023 0.026 0.019IV208_M2ERC027-t2-03_Pseudoscorpiones 0.264 0.276 0.284 0.276 0.284 0.253 0.256 0.256 0.136 0.012 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.021 0.024 0.019IV207_DD14MRR0008-20150808-T2-03_Pseudoscorpiones 0.280 0.296 0.313 0.296 0.296 0.260 0.264 0.275 0.167 0.082 0.019 0.021 0.023 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.019EU559564_Indohya_sp._JM-2008 0.211 0.211 0.216 0.211 0.247 0.216 0.229 0.219 0.273 0.244 0.260 0.021 0.022 0.025 0.029 0.027 0.019 0.026 0.020DF18_8668_Indohya_sp. 0.216 0.218 0.162 0.162 0.236 0.218 0.220 0.254 0.293 0.264 0.282 0.211 0.020 0.022 0.027 0.029 0.021 0.026 0.020FZ1_Pseudoscorpion_RC13KOOD0302P7T1-1 0.224 0.233 0.231 0.228 0.264 0.221 0.228 0.215 0.296 0.276 0.296 0.228 0.200 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.025 0.022G107_Indohya 0.258 0.255 0.176 0.167 0.284 0.284 0.308 0.282 0.340 0.314 0.340 0.252 0.199 0.258 0.028 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.025GB0018R_Hyidae_B1 0.252 0.255 0.264 0.261 0.337 0.290 0.305 0.305 0.349 0.349 0.361 0.293 0.255 0.238 0.276 0.012 0.028 0.022 0.027GC0103R_Hyidae 0.255 0.255 0.246 0.249 0.326 0.293 0.302 0.296 0.346 0.343 0.361 0.276 0.258 0.235 0.258 0.053 0.028 0.024 0.027IT72_BHRC0512-151013-T3-01_Pseudoscorpiones 0.245 0.247 0.263 0.263 0.231 0.113 0.105 0.113 0.285 0.258 0.272 0.191 0.215 0.230 0.268 0.287 0.277 0.027 0.022PSF0090R_LN2124_Indohya 0.273 0.279 0.258 0.258 0.349 0.311 0.299 0.323 0.378 0.358 0.361 0.287 0.282 0.276 0.287 0.173 0.176 0.283 0.028JN018204_Paratemnoides_sumatranus_Atemnidae 0.289 0.298 0.287 0.280 0.276 0.267 0.267 0.282 0.184 0.180 0.198 0.277 0.277 0.308 0.337 0.337 0.323 0.272 0.3521. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.

The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


1

27 September, 2016

Jason Alexander




Via email

Re. Report on the molecular systematics of subfauna from the Robe River Valley –

Phase 3 and historical samples – Part 1.

Dear Jason,

Following is a summary of the results of the subfauna study we have completed on four of the

11 taxonomic groups from the Robe River Valley. Thirty-one distinct genetic lineages were

detected among the four groups so far analysed. The 31 lineages likely represent between 24

and 30 species, up to 11 of which may have been detected previously in the Pilbara. Further

investigation may be required to resolve relationships between closely related lineages.




Sincerely,




2


Seventy-two specimens of subfauna belonging to four taxonomic groups (Araneae,

Pseudoscorpiones, Schizomida, Thysanura) were collected from Robe River Valley and

sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial COI gene. An additional seven taxonomic groups

are still to be analysed and will be covered in a separate report. The molecular data were

assessed in order to determine the number of species present in each group and compare the

results to those obtained during previous surveys that have been undertaken for the these

groups elsewhere in the Pilbara.

Executive summary

Seventy-two specimens from the Robe River Valley belonging to four taxonomic groups

were sequenced for variation at the COI gene or 12s when necessary.

31 lineages were detected among the four groups.

The 31 lineages likely represent between 24 and 30 species.

Up to 11 of the species may have been detected previously in the Pilbara, whereas the

remainder appear to be new, based on the material available for comparison,

however, further investigation may be required to resolve relationships between closely

related lineages.

Methods

Seventy-two specimens of subfauna collected from the Robe River Valley area were

sequenced for variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) using

multiple pairs of primers (LCOI/HCO2, LCOI-long/HCO2-long, NemF1/NemR1 and LCOI/CIN2341.

The 12s region was amplified and sequenced using primers 12-ai and 12s-bi (Simon et al., 1994).

Sequences were edited using GENEIOUS software (Drummond et al. 2011). Alignment was

performed with CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al. 1994) using default parameters. Genetic distances

between unique genetic sequences (haplotypes) were measured using uncorrected p-

distances (total percentage of nucleotide differences between sequences).

MODELTEST software (Posada and Crandall, 1998) was used to determine the model of

sequence evolution that best fitted the data for each taxonomic group. Bayesian analysis was

used to construct the phylogenetic trees, incorporating the model as identified in MODELTEST

for each taxonomic group. The phylogeny, branch lengths and posterior probabilities were

obtained by running two trees simultaneously, each running four simultaneous MCMC chains.

The number of cycles needed was determined by the standard deviation of the split

frequencies of the two trees. The analysis was paused after every 1 x 106 generations and when

the standard deviation fell below 0.01, the analysis was stopped. A majority rule consensus tree

was constructed after discarding the “burn-in” trees in both analyses. The burn-in value was

determined by plotting the posterior probabilities obtained after every generation and

identifying the point at which the values reach stationarity (= the asymptote). Trees produced

prior to stationarity were discarded.

For the purposes of this report, lineages were defined as haplotypes or groups of haplotypes

differing from other such groups by >3% sequence divergence. This cut-off was selected based

on bar-coding data, which indicates that intra-specific variation rarely exceeds 3% (Hebert et

al., 2003b).

Results

Araneae

Seven historical specimens of Araneae were sequenced for COI (Table 1). Sequences were

obtained from five specimens and these were analysed with 24 lineages of Araneae from the

Pilbara, representing 36 specimens, as well as five GenBank reference specimens as follows:

Aranidae (Arachnura scorpiooides, GenBank accession #KJ957946 and Gea theridoides,

Genbank accession #KJ959766), Oonopidae (Ischnothyreus auritus, Genbank accession#

KR864743) Theridiidae (Theridion ohlerti Genbank accession #GU684645 and Robertus neglectus

GenBank accession #AY231053).


3


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the five specimens from the Robe Valley in addition

to 29 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in four genetically distinct

clades (Figure 1). Two of the lineages were placed in a large clade containing reference

specimens of Oonopidae and were assigned to the new lineages AO014 and AO015 (Figure 1).

In particular, AO015 formed a well-supported clade with the Genbank specimen of

Oonopidae; Figure 1). The third lineage (AA001) was placed in a well-supported clade

containing the two Genbank specimens of Aranidae (Figure 1) and the fourth lineage (A012)

was placed in a clade containing Pilbara specimens assigned to the genus Anapistula (family

Symphytognathidae) on the basis of morphology, however this clade formed a well-supported

clade with the Genbank reference specimens of Theriidae (Figure 1).


The Oonopidae lineage AO014 differed from the reference specimens by between 14.1 and

25.1% sequence divergence and Oonopidae lineage AO015 differed from the reference

specimens by between 16.4 and 24.8% sequence divergence (Table 2). The Aranidae lineage

AA001 differed from the reference lineages by between 11.4 and 30.3% sequence divergence

and the final lineage, A012, differed from the reference lineages by between 10.8 and 31.4%

(Table 2).

Pseudoscorpions

Reference sequences and outgroups

Twenty-seven pseudoscorpions (historic, phase 3 and repeats from phases 1 and 2) were

sequenced from the Robe Valley (Table 3). In order to reduce analysis time and to simplify the

presentation of results, a preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was conducted on the 22

Robe Valley pseudoscorpions for which sequences were obtained. Fourteen distinct genetic

lineages were detected and haplotypes were selected from each genetic lineage to include in

a model-based phylogenetic analysis. A search of similar sequences on Genbank and in the

Helix database indicated that five of the lineages (1 – 5) most closely matched the family

Chthoniidae, seven of the lineages (8 –14) most closely matched reference specimens of

Hyiidae and two of the lineages (6 and 7) most closely matched reference specimens of

Olpiidae. Based on those results, two separate phylogenetic analyses were conducted, one

including the Chthoniidae and one including both the Hyiidae and the Olpiidae. Genbank

voucher sequences of Chthoniidae were included in the former analysis as follows: nine

sequences belonging to eight genera of Chthoniidae: Anaulacodithella sp (Genbank

accession # EU559520), Sathrochthonius insulanus (Genbank accession #EU559521),

Pseudochthonius sp. (Genbank accession #EU559519), Pseudotyrannochthonius s. JM2

(Genbank accession #EU559509), Paraliochthonius sp JM 2008 (Genbank accession

#EU5595505), Tyrannochthonius sp JM 2008 (Genbank accession # EU559506) from South

America (Columbia), Tyrannochthonius aridus (GenBank accession # KJ659959 from Western

Australia), Lagynochthonius johni (Genbank accession # EU559503; from Indonesia),

Austrochtonia sp JM 2008 (Genbank accession # EU559513; from Australia) and GenBank

voucher sequences of Hyiidae (one specimen) and Olpiidae (two specimens) were included in

the latter analysis as follows: Indohya sp JM 2008 (Genbank accession # EU559564) and

Beierolpium bornemisszai (Genbank accession #EU559545) and Calocheiridius termitophilus

(GenBank accession # EU559544). In addition, as local references, a subset of 46 lineages of

Chthoniidae representing 56 specimens, 20 specimens of Hyiidae and 11 specimens of Olpiidae

were included in the analyses respectively. Sequences of the scorpion Pandinus imperator

(Genbank accession # AY1565821) and harvestman spider Siro rubens (Genbank accession #

DQ5131111) were used as outgroups.


Two phylogenetic analyses were conducted, one for the Chthoniidae and one combined for

the Hyiidae/Olpiidae. The phylogenetic analysis of the Chthoniidae, which included the five

Chthoniidae lineages from Robe Valley, in addition to 55 reference specimens, placed the


4

Robe Valley specimens in five distinct genetic lineages (Figure 3). The Robe Valley Chthoniidae

lineages were not placed in lineages containing reference specimens and therefore were

assigned to the new lineages PC047 – PC051. However the lineages showed significant

although distant relationships with some reference specimens (Figure 3). Specifically, lineages

PC048 and PC051 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with specimen IV203

from deposit 2403A from a previous survey in the Robe Valley (Figure 3). Similarly, lineages

PC049 and PC050 formed a well-supported clade with specimen IV210 from Highway/Tod bore

from a previous survey at Robe Valley (Figure 3). Finally, lineage PC047 formed a well-supported

clade with specimen IS10 from Red Hill (Figure 3).

The phylogenetic analysis of the Hyiidae and Olpiidae, which included the nine lineages from

Robe Valley, in addition to 21 reference specimens of Hyiidae and 12 reference specimens of

Olpiidae, placed the Robe Valley specimens in nine distinct genetic lineages (Figure 4). Seven

lineages were placed in a clade containing the Pilbara and Genbank reference specimens of

Hyiidae (Figure 4). The Robe Valley lineages of Hyiidae were not placed in lineages containing

reference specimens, therefore were assigned to the new lineages PH019 – PH025 (Figure 4).

The Robe Valley Hyiidae lineages did however show significant although distant relationships to

some reference specimens (Figure 4). Specifically, lineage PH019 formed a well-supported

clade with specimen IV202 from a previous survey at the Robe Valley and lineages PH020 –

PH025 formed a well-supported clade with one another and with specimen IV219 from a

previous survey at Robe Valley (Figure 4).

Two lineages were placed in a clade containing the Pilbara and Genbank reference

specimens of Olpiidae (Figure 4). The Robe Valley Olpiidae lineages were not placed in

lineages containing reference specimens, therefore were assigned to the new lineages PO012

and PO013 (Figure 4). The Robe Valley Olpiidae lineages did however show significant although

distant relationships to some reference specimens (Figure 4). Specifically, lineage PO012 formed

a well-supported clade with specimens IS03 and JF59 from Red Hill and Mesa H, respectively

and lineage PO013 formed a well-supported clade with specimens from Munjina, Marillana

Creek and Yeelirrie (Figure 4).


The fourteen lineages of Pseudoscorpiones differed from one another by a mean of 3.6 to 35.3%

sequence divergence (Table 4). Variation within lineages ranged from between a mean of 0.0

and 1.8% sequence divergence (Table 5).

The five lineages of Chthoniidae from the Robe Valley differed from one another by between a

mean of 10.4 and 21.2% sequence divergence and from the reference lineages by between

8.5 and 27.1% sequence divergence (Table 6).

The seven lineages of Hyiidae from the Robe Valley differed from one another by between a

mean of 3.5 and 21.6% sequence divergence, and from the reference specimens of Hyiidae by

between 4.2 and 34.9 % sequence divergence (Table 7).

The two lineages of Olpiidae from the Robe Valley differed from one another by 24.2%

sequence divergence and from the reference specimens of Olpiidae by between 14.4 and

27.0% sequence divergence (Table 8).

Schizomids


Eighteen schizomids (phase 3 and historical) were sequenced from the Robe River Valley (Table

9). In addition, two sequences of Bamazomus subsolanus were provided by the WAM in order to

aid identifications. In order to reduce analysis time and to simplify the presentation of results, a

preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was conducted with the 16 Robe River Valley

specimens for which sequences were obtained, as well as the B. subsolanus sequences to

identify the number of genetic lineages present. A representative from each lineage was

analysed with >500 reference sequences of schizomids from previous surveys in the Pilbara to

compile a manageable and relevant reference data set. The reference sequences were


5

selected based on the criteria that they showed ≤ 15% sequence divergence from at least one

of the Robe River Valley lineages.

Five distinct genetic lineages were identified (Figure 5) and a representative from each was

analysed in a model-based phylogenetic analysis with 37 reference specimens. A specimen of

schizomid from the family Hubbardiidae, Brignolozomus woodwardi (GenBank accession #

EU272675) was used as an outgroup.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the five Robe River Valley lineages, in addition to 37

reference specimens of schizomids, placed the Robe River Valley specimens in five distinct

lineages, three of which also contained reference specimens from previous surveys at the Robe

River Valley (Figure 6). These three were assigned to the existing lineages Paradraculoides

anachroretus (SCH036), P. bythius (SCH001) and Robe Valley Bamazomus lineage SCH005;

Figure 6). A fourth Robe Valley lineage formed a close relationship with Paradraculoides

anachoretus, forming a well-supported clade with that species and was assigned to the new

lineage SCH034 (Figure 6). The remaining lineage (Bamazomus subsolanus) formed a well-

supported clade with Robe Valley lineage SCH005 from a previous survey (Figure 6).


The five lineages of schizomids detected at the Robe River Valley differed from one another by

between 4.8 and 19.4% mean sequence divergence (Table 10). Individuals within each of the

five lineages differed from one another by between 0.1 and 0.4% mean sequence divergence

(Table 11).

Three of the five lineages differed from the closest reference lineages (P. bythius, P.

anachoretus, and Robe Valley lineage SCH005), collected during previous surveys at the Robe

River Valley, by <1% sequence divergence (Table 12). Lineage SCH034 differed from the closest

reference lineage (P. anachoretus) by 6.3% (Table 12) and averaged 4.8% sequence

divergence from lineage SCH036 (Table 12). The lineage of B. subsolanus differed from the

nearest reference specimens by >15% (Table 12).

Thysanura


Fourteen of nineteen specimens of Thysanura (historical, phase 3 and phases 1 and 2 repeats)

were successfully sequenced for 12s (Table 13). A search of similar sequences on Genbank and

in the Helix database indicated that two of the specimens most closely matched database

specimens of the subfamily Atelurinae, five of the specimens most closely matched database

specimens of Nicoletiinae and one most closely matched specimens of the subfamily

Subnicoletiinae. The remaining six specimens did not show close relationships with any

database specimens of Thysanura, instead showing the closest (although distant) matches to

Plecoptera. Based on those results, GenBank voucher sequences were included as reference

sequences of Atelurinae (one specimen) and Nicoletiinae (two specimens) as follows: Atelura

formicaria (Genbank accession # EU084035) and Trinemura callawa and T. cundalin (GenBank

accession #JQ282164 and JQ282165). In addition, as local references, 11 lineages of

Ateluriinae, representing 36 specimens, 16 lineages of Nicoletiinae representing 38 specimens

and four lineages of Subnicoletiinae, representing seven specimens were included in the

analysis. Two specimens of Hemiptera were used as outgroups: Palomena prasina (Genbank

accession # JQ029134) and Graphosoma lineatum (Genbank accession # KM013315)


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the 14 new specimens from Robe Valley, in addition

to 32 reference lineages, placed the Robe Valley specimens in eight distinct genetic lineages

(Figure 7).

One of those lineages, containing two specimens, was placed in the clade containing

reference lineages of Ateluriinae and was assigned to the new lineage TA009 as it was distinct

from the reference lineages (Figure 7). However, Ateluriinae lineage TA009 formed a well-

supported clade with a lineage of Ateluriinae from the Cape Preston area (Figure 7).


6

Three of the lineages, containing five specimens in total, were placed in the clade containing

reference lineages of Nicoletiinae and were assigned to the new lineages TN010, TN011, TN012,

as they were distinct from the reference lineages (Figure 7). All three lineages were placed in a

well-supported clade containing reference lineages from Christmas Creek, Barrow Island, and

Wheelarra Hill, some of which were assigned to the genus Trinemura on the basis of morphology

(Figure 7).

One lineage, containing a single specimen, was placed in the clade containing reference

lineages of Hemitrinemura, from the subfamily Subnicoletiinae (Figure 7). It formed a well-

supported clade with specimens from Western Hub/Christmas Creek, but was assigned to the

new lineage TS005, as it was distinct from the reference lineages (Figure 7).

Three lineages, containing six specimens in total, were distinct from the reference lineages of

Nicoletiinae, Subnicoletiinae and Ateluriinae, and did not show close matches to any GenBank

specimens of Thysanura. These three lineages were assigned to the new lineages T001, T002 and

T003; Figure 7).


The lineage of Ateluriinae TA009 differed from the nearest reference lineage TA007 by 9.3 to

13.2% sequence divergence (Table 14). The Three lineages of Nicoletiinae differed from one

another by 11.1 to 12.9% sequence divergence (Table 15). They differed from the reference

lineages by 8.7 to 22.3% sequence divergence (Table 15). The lineage of Subnicoletiinae, TS005

differed from the nearest reference lineage, TS004 by 5.3% and from the remaining reference

lineages of Subnicoletiinae by 8.7 to 14.5% sequence divergence (Table 16). The three lineages

of the unknown family, T001 – T003 differed from one another by between 3.1 and 19.2%



The Ateluriinae lineage TA009 was detected in a single drillhole at Mesa B. Nicoletiinae lineages

TN010, TN011 and TN012 were detected at Highway-Tod and Mesa B, deposit 240E, and Mesa

C, respectively. The Subnicoletiinae lineage TS005 was detected at Highway-Tod. Lineage T001

of the unknown family was detected at Highway-Tod/Waramboo, and lineages T002 and T003

were detected at Mesa B.

Conclusions

COI is widely considered to show suitable variation to distinguish species (Hebert et al., 2003a).

In a comparison of COI sequences for over 13,000 pairs of taxa, Hebert et al (2003b) found a



However, a taxon by taxon approach, examining the amount of phylogenetic variation within

and between species is the most widely accepted method of defining species.

Araneae

Four genetically distinct lineages of Araneae were detected, likely representing four distinct

species, owing to the high level of sequence divergence among them and between them and

the reference lineages. The four lineages differed from the reference lineages by >10%,

indicating that all are likely to be new lineages and species, based on the material available for

comparison. Some of the species may be tentatively assigned to families, however, based on

their phylogenetic relationships with reference specimens. Two species may belong to the

Oonopidae and one to the Aranidae. The fourth species may belong to the

Symphytognathidae, but was placed in a larger clade containing Genbank reference

specimens of Theriidae.

Pseudoscorpiones

Fourteen distinct genetic lineages of pseudoscorpions were detected at Robe Valley: five

Chthoniidae, seven Hyiidae and two Olpiidae.


7

The five lineages of Chthoniidae differed from one another by >10% sequence divergence, thus

each is likely to represent a distinct species. Further, the five Chthoniidae lineages from Robe

Valley differed from the reference specimens by >8.5%, indicating that the five are likely to be

new species that have so far not been detected in the Pilbara, based on the material available

for comparison.

The two lineages of Olpiidae differed from one another by 24.2% sequence divergence, thus

each represents a distinct species. Further, the two Olpiidae lineages from Robe Valley differed

from the reference specimens by >14%, indicating that the five are likely to be new species that

have so far not been detected in the Pilbara, based on the material available for comparison.

Six of the seven lineages of Hyiidae (PH020 – PH025) were closely related, forming a well-

supported clade and differing from one another by <10% sequence divergence (range= 3.5 –

9.5%). While these values are relatively low, they are higher than is typically observed between

members of the same species. The observed genetic differentiation among these lineages may

reflect multiple species, incipient speciation or differentiation within one or a few species, owing

to the poor dispersal abilities of this group. Sampling of intermediate sites may help resolve the

relationship between these lineages. In contrast, lineage PH019 differed from the remaining

Robe Valley and reference lineages by >16% sequence divergence, indicating that it is likely to

represent a new species that has not been detected previously in the Pilbara, based on the


Schizomida

Previous analyses of genetic variation between morphologically distinct species of Schizomida

can be used as a genetic ‘yardstick’ to interpret the current data set. The five described

species of Paradraculoides (Harvey et al, 2008) differ from one another by between 8.4 to 12.1%

sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances; calculated by us from the Harvey et al., 2008

data). Similarly, the four described species of Draculoides differ from one another by between

4.5 to 13.7% sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances calculated by us from Harvey et

al., 2008).

Five genetically distinct lineages of schizomids were detected at the Robe River Valley. The five

lineages likely correspond to four or five species. Three were assigned to the existing lineages

and species Paradraculoides anachroretus, P. bythius and Robe Valley Bamazomus lineage

SCH005, differing from these reference lineages by <1%. A fourth Robe Valley lineage formed a

close relationship with Paradraculoides anachoretus, differing from the P. anachoretus lineage

by an average of 4.8% sequence divergence. Thus the relationship between these two lineages

requires further investigation, as the observed divergence, while moderately low, is greater than

that generally observed between individuals of the same species. Sampling from intermediate

sites may help to resolve the relationship between these two lineages. The remaining lineage

(Bamazomus subsolanus) differed from the nearest reference specimens by >15% and thus is

likely to be a new species, which has not been detected in the Pilbara so far, based on the


Thysanura

The mitochondrial gene 12S is widely used in insect systematics (Simon et al., 1996; Caterino et

al., 2000), although in contrast to the mitochondrial gene COI, fewer broadscale comparative

studies are available to provide a basis for species discrimination. Nonetheless, 12S has proven

useful for establishing phylogenetic relationships in many insect groups (Caterino et al., 2000).

The 12S gene evolves approximately 1.5 times (Mueller, 2006) more slowly than COI. Hence we

would expect that the threshold for species discrimination using 12S would be, by inference,

lower than COI.

Eight distinct lineages of Thysanura were detected in the present study, one Ateluriinae (TA009),

three Nicoletiinae (TN010, TN011 and TN012), one Subnicoletiinae (TS005) and three belonging

to an undetermined family (T001, T002, T003). The eight lineages likely represent seven species,

with each lineage corresponding to a species with the exception of lineages T002 and T003

from the unknown family, which differed from one another by an average of just over 3%. Using

a conversion factor of 1.5 x to account for the slower 12s rate of evolution, this value might

correspond to approximately 4.5% of COI divergence. Given the relatively low value, but


8

keeping in mind that these are estimates based on current understanding of 12s and COI

evolution rates, it is likely that lineages T002 and T003 comprise a single species, showing some

genetic divergence among drillholes. The taxonomic placement of lineages T001 – T003 is

uncertain, owing to the poor match of these sequences to the Helix and Genbank databases.

Six of the seven species are likely to be new as they differed from the nearest reference

lineages by approximately > 9% sequence divergence (= approximately 13.5% COI divergence,

using the 1.5 conversion factor). Subnicoletiinae lineage TS005 requires further examination. It

differed from a reference lineage from Western Hub by approximately 5% sequence

divergence at 12s. Again, using a conversion factor of 1.5, this may correspond to

approximately 7.5% COI sequence divergence. While this level of differentiation exceeds

typical levels of intraspecific variation, it is clear that the lineage is closely related to the lineage

from Western Hub. Sampling of intermediate sites may help to determine the relationship

between the two lineages.

Summary

So far, 31 lineages from four taxonomic groups were detected during the present study at Robe

Valley, as shown below. The 31 lineages likely represent 24 - 30 species. Five of the species

appear to have been detected previously in the Pilbara, although further investigation may be

required to fully resolve relationships. The remaining species at Robe Valley are likely to be new,

based on the material available for comparison.

The failure rate was somewhat higher than usual with this project. In addition to our inability to

produce amplification products from some historical specimens, which showed evidence of

degraded DNA, of those that did amplify, some sequences were contaminated with foreign

DNA. This happens when there isn't enough target DNA to out-amplify contaminants.

Araneae

Four lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to four species. None of the


comparison.

Oonopidae: AO014, AO015 = two species

Aranidae: AA001 = one species

Symphytognathidae/Theriidae: A012 = one species

Pseudoscorpiones

Fourteen lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to 9 - 14 species. None of

the species of Chthoniidae and Olpiidae have been detected previously in the Pilbara, based

on the material available for comparison. One species of Hyiidae is likely to be new, however,

the remaining six Hyiidae lineages form a group that includes a lineage detected previously at

Mesa B, and the relationships between these closely related lineages need further investigation

Chthoniidae: PC047, PC048, PC049, PC050, PC051 = five species

Olpiidae: PO012, PO013 = two species

Hyiidae: PH019 = one species

Hyiidae: PH020, PH021, PH022, PH023, PH024, PH025 = one to six species

Schizomida

Five lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to four or five species. Three of

the lineages were placed with reference specimens of Paradraculoides, and two were placed

with reference specimens of Bamazomus. Three of the species have been detected previously

in the Pilbara (lineage SCH005 (Bamazomus), P. bythius and P. anachoretus). A fourth shows

moderate genetic similarity to P. anachoretus and requires further investigation, while the

remaining species of Bamazomus appears to be new, based on the material available for

comparison.

Paradraculoides: SCH001 (P. b ythius), SCH036 (P. anachoretus), SCH034 (similar to P.

anachoretus)= two or three species


9

Bamazomus: SCH005, SCH035 = two species

Thysanura

Eight lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to seven species in four

subfamilies. Six of the species appear to be new, owing to the large distances between them

and the reference specimens available for comparison. However one species, TS005, appears

to be closely related to a species that was detected previously at Western Hub.

Ateluriinae: TA009 = one species

Nicoletiinae: TN010, TN011 and TN012 = three species

Subnicoletiinae TS005 = one species

undetermined family T001, T002, T003 = two species are likely, T001 and T002+T003

References








523-528



















doi:10.1093/nar/ 22.22.4673


10

Table 1. Specimens of Araneae used in the present study and the lineage to which they were

assigned, based on variation at the COI gene. nd=no data. Provenance is classified as either

historical (H), by phase (P) or as provided by the WAM (WAM); re=repeat.

Specimen_ID Drillhole_ID Provenance Cap No. Helix ID Lineage

SSp-2010-253 DCBRC-017 H IV345 AO014

SSp-2010-75 DCBRC-040 H IV346 AO014

MEBRC0016P1T1-2 MEBRC0016 H 155 IV272 AO015

110817 H IV273 contam

127038 H IV274 No amp

127039 H IV275 AA001

138441 H IV276 A012


in blue) between specimens of Araneae detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages

as shown in Figure 1. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference

specimens are highlighted in yellow.

Table 3. Specimens of Pseudoscorpiones used in the present study and the lineage to which

they were assigned, based on variation at the COI gene. Provenance is classified as either


Specimen ID Drillhole ID Provenance Helix ID Lineage

99264 H IV277 PO012

127104 H IV278 PC051

127105 H IV279 PC048

127106 H IV280 PC048

132672 H IV281 PO013

132684 H IV282 contam

127103 K09960712T1-4 H

WAM

aliq PH019

DD15MEB0018-20160317-T2-01 DD15MEB0018 P3 IV258 messy

DD15MEB0018-20160317-T3-01 DD15MEB0018 P3 IV259 PHO023

GR15MEB0014-20160317-T1-01 GR15MEB0014 P3 IV260 messy

GR15MEB0022-20160115-sc-01 GR15MEB0022 P3 IV261 PC047




RC15MEB0020-20160317-T2-02 RC15MEB0020 P3 IV265 PHO021

RC15MEB0020-20160317-T3-01 RC15MEB0020 P3 IV266 PHO021

RC15MEB0171-20160317-T2-01 RC15MEB0171 P3 IV267 messy

RC15MEB0171-20160317-T2-02 RC15MEB0171 P3 IV268 PC049



138532 RC14MEB0010 Re IV216 PHO024

138536 RC14MEB0115 Re IV220 NoAmp

138537 RC14MEB0123 Re IV222 PHO025

138538 RC14MEB0123 Re IV224 PHO022

139896 RC14MEB0115 Re IV221 PHO020

139897 RC14MEB0123 Re IV223 PHO025

139898 RC14MEB0123 Re IV225 PHO025


11

Table 4. Mean genetic distance (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue) between lineages of Pseudoscorpiones detected in the NJ

analysis as shown in Figure 2. Distances between lineages within each family are highlighted in yellow.

Chthoniidae Olpiidae Hyiidae

Lineage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.016

2 0.117 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.016

3 0.165 0.154 0.011 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.015

4 0.174 0.174 0.104 0.013 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.016

5 0.213 0.186 0.194 0.178 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016

6 0.278 0.253 0.263 0.269 0.261 0.015 0.013 0.019 0.014 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.013

7 0.239 0.235 0.251 0.256 0.249 0.242 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016

8 0.279 0.263 0.294 0.278 0.249 0.297 0.263 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014

9 0.332 0.329 0.353 0.342 0.326 0.334 0.316 0.249 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.013

10 0.274 0.248 0.276 0.275 0.261 0.272 0.234 0.206 0.153 0.010 0.009 0.011 0.008

11 0.270 0.240 0.280 0.279 0.249 0.286 0.220 0.214 0.164 0.078 0.007 0.011 0.008

12 0.273 0.254 0.276 0.277 0.265 0.278 0.241 0.206 0.154 0.070 0.036 0.010 0.006

13 0.279 0.250 0.279 0.264 0.256 0.267 0.247 0.216 0.168 0.095 0.075 0.069 0.007

14 0.269 0.252 0.275 0.267 0.254 0.264 0.242 0.201 0.150 0.069 0.047 0.035 0.039


12

Table 5. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Pseudoscorpiones

detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 2 and the number (N) of individuals assigned to

that lineage. n/c = not calculated, for groups where n=1. Rep=individual selected to represent

the lineage in the model-based analysis.


1 0.000 0.000 2 IV268

2 n/c n/c 1 IV269

3 n/c n/c 1 IV278

4 0.001 0.001 2 IV279

5 0.001 0.001 4 IV261

6 n/c n/c 1 IV277

7 n/c n/c 1 IV281

8 n/c n/c 1 127103

9 n/c n/c 1 IV221

10 0.001 0.001 2 IV265

11 n/c n/c 1 IV224

12 n/c n/c 1 IV259

13 n/c n/c 1 IV216

14 0.018 0.004 3 IV222


in blue) between specimens of Chthoniidae (Pseudoscorpiones) detected at Robe Valley and

the reference lineages as shown in Figure 3. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and

the reference specimen are highlighted in yellow.


in blue) between specimens of Hyiidae (Pseudoscorpiones) detected at Robe Valley and the

reference lineages as shown in Figure 4. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the

reference specimen are highlighted in yellow.


13

Table 8. Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue) between specimens of Olpiidae (Pseudoscorpiones) detected

at Robe Valley and the reference lineages as shown in Figure 4. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference specimens are

highlighted in yellow.

Lineage IV277 IV281 BQ20 Cter Bbor G320 G322 G323 G325 G326 IS03 JD02 JF59 G89 G90

IV277 99264 Pseudoscorpiones 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.014 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.019

IV281 132672 Pseudoscorpiones 0.242 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020

BQ20 PES 1896 Beierolpium won1 0.254 0.272 0.021 0.019 0.022 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.016 0.020 0.022

EU559544 Calocheiridius termitophilus 0.235 0.221 0.242 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.019

EU559545 Beierolpium bornemisszai 0.253 0.241 0.230 0.194 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.019

G320 LN8818 Olpiidae sp MJ 0.263 0.176 0.308 0.232 0.246 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.017

G322 100795 Olpiidae sp MJ 0.270 0.144 0.263 0.220 0.229 0.137 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017

G323 100292 Olpiidae sp MJ 0.249 0.181 0.269 0.235 0.246 0.176 0.160 0.016 0.013 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.018

G325 LN9467 Olpiidae sp MA 0.252 0.176 0.265 0.211 0.220 0.164 0.144 0.128 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.017

G326 LN7150 Olpiidae sp MC 0.270 0.174 0.285 0.227 0.229 0.139 0.139 0.148 0.148 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.016

IS03 Nolabel-20150709-T1-02 0.205 0.274 0.253 0.224 0.228 0.251 0.242 0.281 0.267 0.247 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.018

JD02 RC12KOOD2579-151010-T4-02 0.247 0.241 0.269 0.200 0.193 0.215 0.201 0.215 0.219 0.228 0.233 0.020 0.018 0.019

JF59 RC15MEH0302-20151210-T1-03 0.174 0.247 0.244 0.221 0.211 0.247 0.240 0.226 0.244 0.260 0.220 0.233 0.018 0.019

YYAC26 G89 LN7692 0.255 0.183 0.269 0.198 0.258 0.164 0.171 0.192 0.173 0.180 0.269 0.241 0.251 0.018

YYHC0048L G90 LN7592 0.252 0.178 0.315 0.234 0.264 0.165 0.156 0.182 0.180 0.158 0.269 0.241 0.271 0.169


14

Table 9. Specimens of Schizomida used in the present study and the lineage to which they were

assigned, based on variation at the COI gene. Provenance is classified as either historical (H),

by phase (P) or as provided by the WAM (WAM); re=repeat.

Specimen ID Drillhole ID Provenance

Cap

No. Helix ID Lineage

65760 H IV283 No amp

65761 H IV284 P. bythius

65762 H IV285 Messy seq

92222 H 182 IV286 P. bythius







140982 H IV293 SCH034

140983 H IV294 SCH034

133446 H IV295

P.

anachoretus

137066 WAM seq 137066

B.

subsolanus

137067 WAM seq 137067

B.

subsolanus

DD15MEB0008-20160317-T2-01 DD15MEB0008 P3 165 IV326 SCH005

DD15MEB0018-20160317-T3-02 DD15MEB0018 P3 73 IV327 P. bythius

GR15MEB0004-20160317-T1-01 GR15MEB0004 P3 170 IV328 P. bythius

RC14MEB0102-20160317-T3-06 RC14MEB0102 P3 46 IV329 P. bythius

RC15MEB0020-20160317-T3-02 RC15MEB0020 P3 220 IV330 P. bythius


blue) between lineages of Schizomida detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 5.

Lineage 1 2 3 4 5

1 0.012 0.010 0.014 0.015

2 0.100 0.007 0.012 0.014

3 0.083 0.048 0.012 0.015

4 0.157 0.152 0.145 0.015

5 0.194 0.189 0.185 0.171

Table 11. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Schizomida detected in





1 0.004 0.002 12 IV289

2 n/c n/c 1 IV295

3 0.001 0.001 2 IV293


15

4 n/c n/c 1 IV326

5 0.002 0.002 2 WAMT137066


in blue) between specimens of Schizomida detected at Robe Valley and the reference

lineages as shown in Figure 6. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference

specimen are highlighted in yellow.

Table 13. Specimens of Thysanura used in the present study and the lineage to which they were

assigned, based on variation at the COI gene. Provenance is classified as either historical (H),

by phase (P) or as provided by the WAM (WAM); re=repeat.

Specimen_ID Drillhole_ID Provenance Cap No.

Helix

ID

Lineage

MEGRC130P1T1-1 MEGRC130 H 66 IV331 T003

A1778T1-2 A1778 H IV332 No amp

MEBRC0020T1-20 MEBRC0020 H IV333 TN010

M2ERC0057T1-21 M2ERC0057 H IV334 TN011

MEAD2517AT1-22 MEAD2517A H IV335 No amp

BC186-204023-02 BC186 H 30 IV336 No amp

TOBRC0055P1T1-1 TOBRC0055 H 379 IV337 T001

GR15MEC0001-20160316-T2-06 GR15MEC0001 P3 59 IV338 TN012

RC15MEC0197-20160316-T2-01 RC15MEC0197 P3 90 IV339 TN012

GR15MEB0003-20150115-SC-01 GR15MEB0003 P3 5 IV340 T003

GR15MEB0009-20150115-SC-01 GR15MEB0009 P3 6 IV341 T003

GR15MEB0014-Sc-02 GR15MEB0014 P3 10 IV342 T003

GR15MEC008-20160116-sc-01 GR15MEC0008 P3 8 IV343 No amp

RC15MEB0171-20150115-SC-01 RC15MEB0171 P3 7 IV344 T002

IV227 MEARC4383 P1/2 re IV227 TN010

IV228 RC14MEB0060 P1/2 re IV228 TA009

IV229 RC14MEB0060 P1/2 re IV229 TA009

IV230 MEARC3814 P1/2 re IV230 TS005


16

Table 14. Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue) between specimens of Ateluriinae (Thysanura) detected at

Robe Valley and the reference lineages as shown in Figure 7. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference specimens are highlighted

in yellow.

Lineage IV228 IV229 Aform EA0118R BQ14 GA0011R EXR1139 G313 BX3 A32 NB1 BQ13 EEX0078 WRKRC148

IV228 RC14MEB0060 TA009 0.000 0.025 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.017 0.018

IV229 RC14MEB0060 TA009 0.000 0.025 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.019

EU084035 Atelura formicaria 0.307 0.320 0.025 0.026 0.022 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.024 0.022 0.024 0.023 0.023

EA0118R OB24 TA001 0.157 0.173 0.249 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.010 0.011 0.010

BQ14 PES 5086 Atelurinae won1 TA002 0.163 0.175 0.314 0.055 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.013 0.014 0.014

GA0011R Jirrpalpur Range TA003 0.158 0.176 0.241 0.052 0.067 0.013 0.015 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.012 0.013 0.011

EXR1139 Alligator Range TA004 0.154 0.170 0.256 0.078 0.093 0.073 0.014 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.013 0.014 0.015

G313 101035 Ateluridae MA TA005 0.173 0.184 0.295 0.078 0.076 0.096 0.064 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.013

BX3 PES-5124 Atelurinae MH1 TA006 0.169 0.185 0.312 0.181 0.176 0.184 0.169 0.159 0.023 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.020

A32 TA007 0.114 0.132 0.285 0.171 0.183 0.166 0.169 0.180 0.218 0.009 0.020 0.018 0.019

NB1 TA007 0.093 0.112 0.259 0.170 0.170 0.152 0.155 0.152 0.207 0.053 0.019 0.016 0.016

BQ13 PES 4627 Atelurinae won1 TA008 0.166 0.180 0.302 0.038 0.078 0.067 0.087 0.086 0.162 0.166 0.161 0.012 0.011

EEX0078 Jinaryi TA010 0.145 0.158 0.247 0.052 0.073 0.070 0.078 0.073 0.163 0.151 0.135 0.055 0.008

WRKRC148 J7-7 TA011 0.151 0.164 0.246 0.049 0.070 0.061 0.093 0.087 0.172 0.153 0.137 0.047 0.032


17

Table 15. Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue) between specimens of Nicoletiinae (Thysanura) detected at

Robe Valley and the reference lineages as shown in Figure 7. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference specimens are highlighted

in yellow.

Lineage

IV227

IV333

IV334

IV338

IV339 Tcall Tcund G318

PROP003 G126 G206 AY2 BX42 BX43

CQ10

CQ11

EJ0245R

CA35 FL3

EXR0983

CQ13

IV227 MEARC4383 TN010 0.007 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.018

IV333 MEBRC0020T1-20 TN010 0.028 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.023 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.017

IV334 M2ERC0057T1-21 TN011 0.129 0.124 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.024 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.019

IV338 GR15MEC0001 TN012 0.116 0.119 0.124 0.006 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.019

IV339 RC15MEC0197 TN012 0.111 0.113 0.121 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.020 0.019

JQ282164 Trinemura callawa 0.154 0.151 0.187 0.159 0.159 0.013 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020

JQ282165 Trinemura cundalin 0.169 0.166 0.202 0.162 0.162 0.065 0.018 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020

G318 LN8588 MC TN001 0.207 0.190 0.195 0.196 0.190 0.135 0.144 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.020

PROP003 J16-2 TN002 0.155 0.152 0.174 0.188 0.182 0.196 0.193 0.176 0.019 0.020 0.023 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018

G126 TN003 0.175 0.172 0.169 0.196 0.193 0.193 0.190 0.164 0.140 0.016 0.025 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.016

G206 108042 TN004 0.141 0.134 0.171 0.172 0.171 0.182 0.182 0.196 0.159 0.099 0.022 0.013 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016

AY2 BES16311 B10 TN005 0.198 0.194 0.215 0.190 0.193 0.173 0.187 0.115 0.197 0.231 0.209 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.021

BX42 PES-5266 MH1 TN006 0.134 0.120 0.134 0.162 0.156 0.156 0.165 0.204 0.167 0.172 0.164 0.229 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.018

BX43 PES-5964 MH1 TN007 0.169 0.144 0.153 0.169 0.163 0.170 0.167 0.176 0.131 0.129 0.126 0.182 0.137 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.018

CQ10 B18 CC1886 TN008 0.104 0.124 0.132 0.101 0.098 0.190 0.222 0.229 0.198 0.190 0.174 0.203 0.175 0.192 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.019

CQ11 B15 CC0179 TN009 0.181 0.171 0.185 0.200 0.194 0.160 0.156 0.161 0.171 0.121 0.154 0.170 0.171 0.151 0.203 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018

EJ0245R J2 36 OB18 TN011 0.188 0.185 0.172 0.199 0.196 0.210 0.183 0.187 0.158 0.148 0.155 0.221 0.190 0.163 0.201 0.128 0.021 0.016 0.018 0.019

CA35 11:1513 TN013 0.121 0.121 0.141 0.114 0.111 0.152 0.167 0.199 0.183 0.194 0.180 0.195 0.153 0.162 0.155 0.189 0.188 0.015 0.018 0.020

FL3 TOBRC0011PIT2-1 A TN014 0.092 0.098 0.120 0.092 0.087 0.168 0.177 0.209 0.170 0.162 0.138 0.217 0.139 0.153 0.101 0.175 0.172 0.109 0.017 0.017

EXR0983 J8 13 Jimblebar W TN015 0.097 0.094 0.128 0.137 0.134 0.180 0.180 0.160 0.181 0.188 0.180 0.204 0.144 0.165 0.124 0.166 0.169 0.128 0.125 0.019

CQ13 B19 CC0748 TN016 0.209 0.193 0.223 0.214 0.209 0.152 0.165 0.188 0.163 0.132 0.167 0.188 0.207 0.190 0.224 0.119 0.146 0.205 0.202 0.176


18

Table 16. Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue)

between specimens of Subnicoletiinae (Thysanura) detected at Robe Valley and the reference

lineages as shown in Figure 7. Distances between the Robe Valley specimens and the reference

specimens are highlighted in yellow.

Lineage IV230

KCRC0107 FH4 FH5 GH1

IV230 MEARC3814 TS004 0.017 0.016 0.012 0.012

KCRC0107 TS001 0.145 0.019 0.015 0.015

FH4 Hemitrinemura sp B10 TM0087 TS002 0.089 0.132 0.015 0.016

FH5 Hemitrinemura sp B10 BG0082 TS003 0.087 0.118 0.101 0.012

GH1 Trinemura Tri-PES14085 TS004 0.053 0.124 0.092 0.074

Table 17. Genetic distances (below diagonal) and standard error (above diagonal, in blue)

between specimens of the unknown family of Thysanura detected at Robe Valley as shown in

Figure 7.

Lineage T001 T002 T003

Specimen

IV337

IV344

IV331

IV340

IV341

IV342

IV337 TOBRC0055P1T1-1 T001 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.015

IV344 RC15MEB0171 T002 0.157 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.008

IV331 MEGRC130P1T1-1 T003 0.192 0.038 0.006 0.006 0.006

IV340 GR15MEB0003 T003 0.178 0.037 0.013 0.000 0.000

IV341 GR15MEB0009 T003 0.168 0.033 0.013 0.000 0.000

IV342 GR15MEB0014-Sc-02 T003 0.160 0.031 0.013 0.000 0.000


19

Figure 1. Bayesian analysis of COI haplotypes of Araneae from the present study and reference

specimens from Genbank and previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major nodes

correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from the present

study are highlighted in yellow; GenBank voucher specimens highlighted in turquoise. Scale

bar= number of substitutions per site.

KC708097 Missulena sp. WAM T97637 Actinopodidae Mygal

KC708079 Missulena sp. WAM T113626 Actinopodidae Mygal

IV346 SSp 2010 75 DCBRC 040 Araneae AO014

IV345 SSp 2010 253 DCBRC 017 Araneae AO014 1.00

DF9 8999 Araneomorphae sp. AO010

0.55

G308 LN9827 Oonopidae sp MJ AO006

G307 LN9925 Gnaphosidae sp MJ AO007 1.00

EO8 Prethopalpus sp EMP0049 AO011

EO7 Prethopalpus sp EMP0061 x2 AO012

EO33 Prethopalpus sp ECP0057 AO013 1.00

1.00

0.81

IV272 MEBRC0016P1T1 2 Araneae AO015

KR864743 Ischnothyreus auritus Oonopidae 1.00

0.97

G141 Prethopalpus sp. S2 LN8445 x2 A0004

G140 Oonopidae sp. indet. LN8185 AO001

G135 Prethopalpus sp. S2 LN7377 x2 AO001 0.65

G136 Oonopidae sp. indet. LN7327 x2 AO001

0.93

G139 Oonopidae sp. indet. LN8432 AO002

0.90

G137 Oonopidae sp. indet. 100075 AO003

1.00

1.00

0.80

G309 LN8606 Prethopalpus sp MA AO005

CA6 11 1510 Araneae indet. AO009

0.94

IV276 138441 Araneae A012

G226 Araneae 107786 A008

G210 Araneae 107945 A008 1.00

DF8 8662 Anapistula sp. A010

0.74

0.57

BX1 PES 5149 Anapistula MH1 Symphytognathidae A009

0.53

G227 Araneae MC8638 A006

G209 Araneae 109675 A007 0.62

1.00

GU684645 Theridion ohlerti Theridiidae

0.96

AY231053 Robertus neglectus Theriidae

1.00

IV275 127039 Araneae AA001

KJ957946 Arachnura scorpionoides Aranidae 1.00

KJ957966 Gea theridioides Aranidae

0.76

1.00

FG1100 Wheelarra Hill A002

EJ0003R OB18 A002 1.00

BP013 Deposit B x2 A001

1.00

1.00

GH12 Selinopidae PES16307 A011

0.99

G145 Desognanops sp. n. Y1 LN6635 x2 A004

G142 Desognanops sp. n. Y1 LN8482 A005 1.00

1.00

1.00

0.1


20

Figure 2. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Pseudoscorpiones from the present study.




IV268 RC15MEB0171-20160317-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones

IV270 RC15MEB0171-20160317-T3-02 Pseudoscorpiones 1

2 IV269 RC15MEB0171-20160317-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones

3 IV278 127104 Pseudoscopiones

IV279 127105 Pseudoscopiones

IV280 127106 Pseudoscopiones 4

IV264 GR15MEB0022-20160115-sc-04 Pseudoscorpiones




5



8 127103 Pseudoscorpiones

9 IV221 139896 Pseudoscorpiones

IV265 RC15MEB0020-20160317-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones

IV266 RC15MEB0020-20160317-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones 10


12 IV259 DD15MEB0018-20160317-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones


IV222 138537 Pseudoscorpiones



14

0.02


21

Figure 3. Bayesian analysis of COI haplotypes of Chthoniidae (Pseudoscorpiones) from the

present study and reference specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major






Anaulacodithella sp. EU559520

EU559521 Sathrochthonius insulanus 0.62

EU559519 Pseudochthonius sp. 0.68

EU559506 Tyrannochthonius sp. JM 2008

EU559503 Lagynochthonius johni

EU559509 Pseudotyrannochthonius sp. JM 2

G146 Pseudoscorpians LN6643 PC016

G149 Pseudoscorpians LN8500 PC017 0.87

G154 Pseduoscorpians LN8374 PC018 1.00


SB14 MT G85 LN8520 PC026 1.00

0.87


YYHC0048I G87 LN8425 PC034 1.00

1.00

0.60

0.74

EU559505 Paraliochthonius sp. JM 2008

KJ659959 Tyrannochthonius aridus

IV212 DD14MEL0001 20151001 T2 02 PC009

IV226 RC14MRR0020 20151002 T2 01 PC010 1.00

EAP0178 Tyran B1 Ophthalmia Range PC032 0.99

AX83 10DDH033P1T1 2 PC042 0.64

0.69

IS01 PC001

IS12 PC002 1.00

IS08 PC003 1.00

IS06 PC004

IS05 PC005 1.00

1.00

JV08 DD15BS40010 20160608 T2 02 PC046

0.99

0.60

MG0165R J8 31 Tyrannochthonius sp PC035

0.73

G219 Pseudoscorpian 108935 Turner River PC022

G220 Pseudoscorpian 109177 Turner River PC023

G479 111446 Chthoniidae sp NS PC024 0.54

G480 LN6258 Tyrannochthonius sp S3 PC025 1.00

1.00

0.71

IS11 PC007

IV203 DD14MRR0004T1 04 PC011

IV279 127105 Pseudoscopiones PC048

IV278 127104 Pseudoscopiones PC051 1.00

0.97

IV210 MEARC3814 20150606 02sc PC012

IV269 RC15MEB0171 20160317 T3 01 PC050 1.00

IV268 RC15MEB0171 20160317 T2 02 PC049 1.00

JU05 RC15MEH0315.20160627.T2 02 PC014

JU07 RC15MEH0335.20160627.T1 01 PC015 1.00

1.00

0.54

0.90

0.67

IS10 KBRCopp15-20150913-02 PC006

IV261 GR15MEB0022 20160115 sc 01 PC047 0.78

CM18 RC11KOOD0193P2T1 2 Lagynochthonius sp. PC008

AX82 ID31P1T1 5 PC043

AX86 ID32P1T1 7 PC044 1.00

G324 101086 Tyrannochthonius sp Mariilana Creek PC028

EA0270R Lag B2 Ophthalmia Range PC033 1.00

EXR1148 J20 6 Lagy S4 Hancock Range North PC039

GF0173R Lag B2 Jirrpalpur Range PC040

JIN0078R BHP772 Lagynochthonius Hancock Range South PC041 1.00

0.55

G328 LN9199 Tyrannochthonius sp Ophthalmia Range PC029

0.76

PI012 Tyran Wheelarra Hill PC038

0.71

AK14 PE110372 Tyrannochthonius DC4 PC013

G319 LN8720 Chthoniid sp Munjina PC027 0.99

EJR0202 2 9 9 ob18 Tyrranochthonius B2 PC036

LB084 Tyran Wheelarra Hill PC037 1.00

1.00

G118 Tyrannochthonius Hamersley Range PC021

G428 110726 Chthoniidae sp PC031 1.00

G430 100975 Tyrannochthonius sp PC030 1.00

0.96

0.63

0.58

AX85 ID32P1T1 7 PC045

0.94

0.72

0.81

EU559513 Austrochtonia sp

0.77

0.99

0.1


22

Figure 4. Bayesian analysis of COI haplotypes of Hyiidae and Olpiidae (Pseudoscorpiones) from

the present study and reference specimens from previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on

major nodes correspond to posterior probabilities; values <50% are not shown. Specimens from

the present study are highlighted in yellow; GenBank voucher specimens highlighted in

turquoise. Scale bar= number of substitutions per site.



127103 Pseudoscorpiones PH019

IV202 DD14MRR0004T1 04 Pseudoscorpiones PH005 1.00

IT72 BHRC0512 151013 T3 01 Pseudoscorpiones PH018

IV213 DD14MRR0009 20151002 T2 02 Pseudoscorpiones PH007

JF56 RC14MEH0252 20160120 T1 04 Pseudoscorpiones PH017 1.00

0.78

IV211 RC13MEA0279 20150807 T1 02 Pseudoscorpiones PH006

0.81

IV216 138532 Pseudoscorpiones PH024

IV222 138537 Pseudoscorpiones PH025 1.00

IV219 RC14MEB0101 20151001 T1 02 Pseudoscorpiones PH008


IV259 DD15MEB0018 20160317 T3 01 Pseudoscorpiones PH023

0.97

1.00


0.95

IV265 RC15MEB0020 20160317 T2 02 Pseudoscorpiones PH021

1.00

1.00

1.00

AX81 ID27P1T4 5 Pseudoscorpiones PH013

G211 Pseudoscorpiones 109256 PH011 0.98

FZ1 Pseudoscorpiones RC13KOOD0302P7T1 1 PH015

FZ2 Pseudoscorpiones RC13KOOD0305P7T3 3 PH015 1.00

JD01 RC13KOOD0184 151011 T1 03 Pseudoscorpiones PH016

1.00

GB0018R Jirrpalpur Range Hyiidae B1 PH009

GC0103R Jirrpalpur Range Hyiidae PH009 1.00

PSF0090R LN2124 Packsaddle Indohya PH010

1.00

IV201 DD14MEB0002 20150607 01sc Pseudoscorpiones PH001

IV217 RC14MEB0029 20151001 T1 01 Pseudoscorpiones PH002 1.00

0.91

0.99

0.98

0.84

EU559564 Indohya sp. JM 2008

1.00

DF18 8668 Indohya sp PH014.

G107 Indohya PH012

IV206 DD14MRR0008 20150808 T1 02 Pseudoscorpiones PH003

IV209 M2ERC027 t2 03 Pseudoscorpiones PH004 1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

BQ20 PES 1896 Beierolpium won1 PO010

EU559545 Beierolpium bornemisszai Olpiidae 0.97

IS03 Nolabel-20150709-T1-02 PO011

IV277 99264 Pseudoscopiones PO012

JF59 RC15MEH0302 20151210 T1 03 Pseudoscorpiones PO008 0.69

0.99

0.52

EU559544 Calocheiridius termitophilus

JD02 RC12KOOD2579 151010 T4 02 Pseudoscorpiones PO009 0.79

1.00

G320 LN8818 Olpiidae sp Munjina PO003

G326 LN7150 Olpiidae sp Marillana Ck PO004 0.70

YYAC26 G89 LN7692 Yeelirrie Station PO001

YYHC0048L G90 LN7592 Yeelirrie Station PO002 0.86

0.60

G322 100795 Olpiidae sp Munjina PO005

IV281 132672 Pseudoscopiones PO013 0.60

0.97

G323 100292 Olpiidae sp MJ PO006

G325 LN9467 Olpiidae sp MA PO007 0.72

1.00

1.00

0.99

0.1

Olpiidae

Hyiidae


23

Figure 5. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Schizomida from the present study.




IV291 110830 Schizomid

IV329 RC14MEB0102-20160317-T3-06 Schizomid





IV327 DD15MEB0018-20160317-T3-02 Schizomid



IV328 GR15MEB0004-20160317-T1-01 Schizomid

IV330 RC15MEB0020-20160317-T3-02 Schizomid


1

2 IV295 133446 Schizomid


IV294 140983 Schizomid 3

4 IV326 DD15MEB0008-20160317-T2-01 Schizomid

WAMT137066 Bamazomus subsolanus

WAMT137067 Bamazomus subsolanus

5

0.02

100

100

100

100

99

63

94

57

57


24

Figure 6. Bayesian analysis of COI haplotypes of Schizomida from the present study and





EU272675 Brignolozomus woodwardi

IV289 110827 Schizomid SCH001

IV61 DD14MEC0002 20150929 T3 03 SCH001

WAM T63344 Paradraculoides bythius 0.67

1.00

IV07 Budgie20150604 06 SCH002

1.00


WAM T66236 Paradraculoides anachoretus 1.00


1.00

0.74

IV82 TOBRC0023 20151001 T1 01 SCH003

Paradraculoides sp. OFB 2007 1.00

1.00

WAM T63371 3 Paradraculoides gnophicola

0.62

WAM T65802 Paradraculoides kryptus

IV76 MELUNK11 20151001 T2 01 SCH004

IV09 DD14MEL0001 t2 01 SCH004a 1.00

1.00

C119 ex T95543 SCH018

GH7 Draculoides Dra PES16433 SCH026

GH8 Draculoides Dra PES16447 SCH027 1.00

1.00

C37 T92541B SCH016

HE17 BHRC151 20141216 T3 01c SCH028 0.98

HE4 BHRC001 20141028 SC01 SCH029

IS33 Kbrc116720150809t2 05 Schizomida sp SCH031 0.57

0.90

IS15 KBRC1389 20150909 04 Schizomida SCH032

IT67 BHRC401 151013 T1 01 Schizomida SCH033 0.99

0.85

C58 T98320 SCH017

T93233 C17 CBRC099P5T1 3 Paradraculoides ‘cardo’ 0.92

0.89

0.93

0.80

IV17 DD14MRR007 20150808 T1 02 SCH006

IV14 DD14MRR0005 T1 01 SCH007

IV27 M2ERC0053 T2 02 SCH008

EU272730 Draculoides mesozeirus 1.00

1.00

1.00

IV55 RC13MRR0077 T1 02 SCH009

1.00

U72 Shizomid T95463 SCH019

U74 Shizomid T95462 SCH020 1.00

U83 Shizomid T95450 SCH021

1.00

1.00

0.92

EU272684 Draculoides bramstokeri

0.92

IV81 RC14MRR0017 20151002 T2 01 SCH0010

FT4 Draculoides SCH012 PSB0166R SCH022

FT6 Draculoides SCH012 GBP553 SCH023 0.55

GG9 Draculoides sp PSA0806R SCH030

1.00

FT5 Draculoides sp PSB0163R SCH024

1.00

0.72

0.63

FZ21 Schizomida RC13KOOD0308P7T1 1 SCH025

0.95

IV326 DD15MEB0008 20160317 T2 01 Schizomid SCH005

IV79 RC14MEB0060 20151001 T2 01 SCH005 1.00

WAMT137066 Bamazomus subsolanus SCH035

0.95

1.00

0.1


25

Figure 7. Bayesian analysis of COI haplotypes of Thysanura from the present study and





JQ029134 Palomena prasina

KM013315 Graphosoma lineatum

Atel EU084035 Atelura formicaria

Atel EA0118R Ophthalmia TA001

Atel BQ13 PES 4627 Atelurinae won1 TA008

Atel A32 Cape Preston TA007

Atel NB1 Cape Preston TA007 1.00

Atel IV228 RC14MEB0060 TA009

Atel IV229 RC14MEB0060 TA009 1.00

1.00

Atel EEX0078 Hancock Range S. TA010

0.81

Atel WRKRC148 J7 7 TA011

0.99

0.56

Atel BQ14 PES 5086 Atelurinae won1 TA002

Atel GA0011R Jirrpalpur Range TA003 0.68

1.00

Atel EXR1139 Alligator Range TA004

Atel EXR1386 J8 14 Mudlark TA004 1.00

0.64

Atel G313 101035 Ateluridae MA TA005

1.00

Atel BX3 PES 5124 Atelurinae MH1 TA006

1.00

0.98

Nic JQ282164 Trinemura callawa CA0006

Nic JQ282165 Trinemura cundalin CU0060R 1.00

Nic G318 LN8588 Nicoletiidae sp. MC TN001

Nic AY2 BES16311 B10 TN005 1.00

0.75

Nic PROP003 J16 2 Trimenura TN002

Nic BX43 PES 5964 Trinemura MH1 TN007 1.00

Nic G126 TN003

Nic G206 108042 TN004 0.99

Nic CQ11 Trinemura sp. B15 CC0179 TN009

Nic CQ13 Trinemura sp. B19 CC0748 TN016 0.62

Nic EJ0245R J2 36 OB18 TN011

0.98

0.99

1.00

Nic BX42 PES 5266 Trinemura MH1 TN006

0.52

Nic CQ10 Trinemura sp. B18 Christmas Ck. TN008

Nic IV338 GR15MEC0001 20160316 T2 06 TN012

Nic IV339 RC15MEC0197 20160316 T2 01 TN012 1.00

Nic FL3 TOBRC0011PIT2 1 A Barrow Island TN014

0.99

Nic IV227 MEARC4383 TN010

Nic IV333 MEBRC0020T1 20 TN010 1.00

Nic EXR0983 BHP821 J8 13 Wheelarra Hill TN015

1.00

0.77

Nic IV334 M2ERC0057T1 21 TN011

0.90

Nic CA35 11 1513 Trinemura indet. TN013

1.00

0.97

1.00

Thys IV337 TOBRC0055P1T1 1 T001

Thys IV344 RC15MEB0171 20150115 SC 01 T002

Thys IV331 MEGRC130P1T1 1 T003

Thys IV340 GR15MEB0003 20150115 SC 01 T003

Thys IV341 GR15MEB0009 20150115 SC 01 T003

Thys IV342 GR15MEB0014 Sc 02 T003

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.77

Subnic KCRC0107 TS001

Subnic FH4 Hemitrinemura sp B10 TM0087 TS002

Subnic IV230 MEARC3814 TS004

Subnic GH1 PES14085 TS004 1.00

0.94

Subnic FH5 Hemitrinemura sp B10 BG0082 TS003

0.98

1.00

1.00

0.1


Specimen ID KD01

_GR

15M

EB00

14.2

0160

915.

T1-0

1_A

ea

ne

ae

KD02

_RC

15M

EC00

01.2

0160

915.

T1-0

1_A

ran

ea

e

IV34

6_SS

p-2

010-

75_D

CBR

C_0

40_A

ran

ea

e

IV34

5_SS

p-2

010-

253_

DC

BRC

_017

_Ara

ne

ae

IV27

6_13

8441

_Ara

ne

ae

IV27

5_12

7039

_Ara

ne

ae

IV27

2_M

EBR

C00

16P1

T1-2

_Ara

ne

ae

EF05

0286

_Co

leo

som

a_a

cu

tive

nte

r_Th

erii

da

e

KX53

7094

_Th

erid

ion

_bo

ese

nb

erg

i_Th

erii

da

e

KR86

4743

_Isc

hn

oth

yre

us_

au

ritu

s_O

on

op

ida

e

KJ95

7966

_Ge

a_t

he

ridio

ide

s_A

ran

ida

e

KJ95

7946

_Ara

ch

nu

ra_s

co

rpio

no

ide

s_A

ran

ida

e

GU

6846

45_T

he

ridio

n_o

hle

rti_

The

ridiid

ae

GH

12_S

elin

op

ida

e_P

ES16

307

G30

9_LN

8606

_Pre

tho

pa

lpu

s_sp

_MA

G30

8_LN

9827

_Oo

no

pid

ae

_sp

_MJ

G30

7_LN

9925

_Gn

ap

ho

sida

e_s

p_M

J

G22

7_A

ran

ea

e_M

C86

38

G22

6_A

ran

ea

e_1

0778

6

G21

0_A

ran

ea

e_1

0794

5

G20

9_A

ran

ea

e_1

0967

5

G14

5_D

eso

gn

an

op

s_sp

._n

._Y1

_LN

6635

_x2

G14

2_D

eso

gn

an

op

s_sp

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KD01_GR15MEB0014.20160915.T1-01_Araneae 0.004 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.021 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.025 0.024 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.015KD02_RC15MEC0001.20160915.T1-01_Araneae 0.009 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.015 0.017 0.012 0.013 0.021 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.025 0.024 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.014 0.015IV346_SSp-2010-75_DCBRC_040_Araneae 0.218 0.219 0.005 0.022 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.021 0.022IV345_SSp-2010-253_DCBRC_017_Araneae 0.216 0.217 0.014 0.022 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.022 0.021 0.021IV276_138441_Araneae 0.225 0.221 0.266 0.269 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.021 0.021IV275_127039_Araneae 0.174 0.175 0.242 0.242 0.230 0.020 0.012 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.026 0.024 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.014IV272_MEBRC0016P1T1-2_Araneae 0.221 0.218 0.171 0.178 0.250 0.240 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.018EF050286_Coleosoma_acutiventer_Theriidae 0.096 0.093 0.219 0.221 0.210 0.141 0.234 0.012 0.021 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.019 0.015 0.013KX537094_Theridion_boesenbergi_Theriidae 0.114 0.111 0.239 0.236 0.245 0.136 0.257 0.088 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.022 0.026 0.023 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.013KR864743_Ischnothyreus_auritus_Oonopidae 0.199 0.204 0.218 0.220 0.279 0.236 0.164 0.245 0.246 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.019KJ957966_Gea_theridioides_Aranidae 0.163 0.164 0.226 0.226 0.235 0.124 0.240 0.137 0.150 0.245 0.014 0.013 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.027 0.025 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.016KJ957946_Arachnura_scorpionoides_Aranidae 0.174 0.172 0.224 0.228 0.230 0.114 0.220 0.155 0.156 0.241 0.140 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.026 0.024 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.015GU684645_Theridion_ohlerti_Theridiidae 0.123 0.123 0.241 0.236 0.186 0.147 0.248 0.101 0.125 0.254 0.136 0.147 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.015GH12_Selinopidae_PES16307 0.178 0.177 0.219 0.221 0.282 0.198 0.242 0.166 0.161 0.223 0.188 0.200 0.192 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.025 0.021 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.015G309_LN8606_Prethopalpus_sp_MA 0.211 0.216 0.169 0.174 0.266 0.246 0.211 0.195 0.225 0.227 0.226 0.213 0.220 0.218 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.019G308_LN9827_Oonopidae_sp_MJ 0.202 0.203 0.176 0.176 0.261 0.224 0.202 0.206 0.217 0.225 0.232 0.204 0.227 0.220 0.173 0.010 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.018G307_LN9925_Gnaphosidae_sp_MJ 0.218 0.212 0.169 0.171 0.269 0.230 0.206 0.228 0.227 0.218 0.224 0.213 0.246 0.218 0.171 0.059 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.019G227_Araneae_MC8638 0.212 0.204 0.235 0.235 0.132 0.200 0.234 0.198 0.214 0.255 0.217 0.202 0.209 0.242 0.237 0.226 0.226 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.019G226_Araneae_107786 0.216 0.212 0.248 0.253 0.124 0.239 0.230 0.219 0.228 0.253 0.241 0.232 0.214 0.244 0.255 0.244 0.248 0.134 0.007 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.014 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.020G210_Araneae_107945 0.220 0.216 0.241 0.245 0.122 0.239 0.236 0.220 0.232 0.252 0.245 0.232 0.221 0.250 0.264 0.252 0.250 0.135 0.025 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.015 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.019G209_Araneae_109675 0.210 0.216 0.251 0.249 0.140 0.232 0.245 0.215 0.230 0.253 0.232 0.223 0.210 0.268 0.246 0.218 0.222 0.133 0.144 0.136 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.025 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.020G145_Desognanops_sp._n._Y1_LN6635_x2 0.181 0.180 0.203 0.203 0.241 0.198 0.213 0.172 0.203 0.230 0.221 0.200 0.189 0.182 0.195 0.206 0.213 0.213 0.231 0.230 0.240 0.011 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.017G142_Desognanops_sp._n._Y1_LN8482 0.177 0.176 0.192 0.192 0.256 0.183 0.202 0.181 0.189 0.246 0.204 0.191 0.194 0.189 0.215 0.191 0.208 0.203 0.235 0.246 0.240 0.085 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.025 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.016G141_Prethopalpus_sp._S2_LN8445_x2 0.226 0.227 0.178 0.187 0.269 0.226 0.200 0.213 0.247 0.226 0.240 0.251 0.249 0.232 0.173 0.173 0.182 0.247 0.269 0.278 0.255 0.202 0.202 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.022 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.017G140_Oonopidae_sp._indet._LN8185 0.228 0.224 0.187 0.189 0.274 0.234 0.189 0.215 0.233 0.205 0.253 0.217 0.240 0.221 0.184 0.182 0.182 0.230 0.283 0.278 0.236 0.209 0.204 0.123 0.010 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.019 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.020 0.018G139_Oonopidae_sp._indet._LN8432 0.226 0.222 0.212 0.217 0.289 0.238 0.202 0.213 0.230 0.221 0.251 0.230 0.240 0.223 0.169 0.178 0.182 0.254 0.295 0.283 0.249 0.204 0.211 0.130 0.049 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.020 0.019 0.025 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.018G137_Oonopidae_sp._indet._100075 0.215 0.211 0.192 0.192 0.264 0.232 0.191 0.206 0.221 0.210 0.247 0.226 0.233 0.223 0.184 0.169 0.178 0.235 0.281 0.278 0.249 0.191 0.209 0.130 0.060 0.053 0.011 0.010 0.019 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.019 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.021 0.018G136_Oonopidae_sp._indet._LN7327_x2 0.230 0.227 0.194 0.199 0.274 0.230 0.191 0.215 0.233 0.199 0.257 0.223 0.242 0.212 0.182 0.178 0.180 0.232 0.288 0.276 0.253 0.191 0.209 0.130 0.036 0.043 0.057 0.006 0.019 0.019 0.024 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.021 0.018G135_Prethopalpus_sp._S2_LN7377_x2 0.226 0.222 0.194 0.199 0.272 0.232 0.194 0.213 0.233 0.199 0.251 0.223 0.235 0.210 0.173 0.184 0.182 0.232 0.285 0.276 0.245 0.187 0.215 0.132 0.030 0.040 0.055 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.021 0.018FG1100_BHP877_Jimblebar 0.172 0.180 0.221 0.219 0.237 0.175 0.224 0.169 0.193 0.231 0.167 0.171 0.173 0.180 0.206 0.224 0.246 0.212 0.228 0.225 0.214 0.180 0.199 0.227 0.208 0.223 0.212 0.219 0.219 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.004 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.017EO8_Prethopalpus_sp_EMP0049 0.230 0.232 0.144 0.154 0.265 0.260 0.210 0.263 0.258 0.230 0.245 0.240 0.253 0.242 0.189 0.187 0.192 0.240 0.240 0.235 0.260 0.237 0.215 0.192 0.189 0.199 0.207 0.194 0.189 0.245 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.020EO7_Prethopalpus_sp_EMP0061_x2 0.285 0.282 0.176 0.189 0.279 0.303 0.211 0.279 0.294 0.257 0.297 0.294 0.297 0.276 0.220 0.167 0.211 0.260 0.272 0.260 0.285 0.282 0.282 0.189 0.192 0.211 0.201 0.201 0.201 0.257 0.149 0.011 0.025 0.022 0.023 0.022 0.025 0.026 0.025EO33_Prethopalpus_sp_ECP0057 0.273 0.264 0.179 0.190 0.261 0.293 0.207 0.276 0.281 0.256 0.287 0.287 0.290 0.278 0.210 0.170 0.199 0.253 0.264 0.247 0.267 0.267 0.276 0.188 0.188 0.190 0.182 0.179 0.185 0.259 0.145 0.038 0.023 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.025 0.023EJ0003R_OB18 0.168 0.174 0.219 0.217 0.238 0.174 0.221 0.166 0.189 0.230 0.166 0.170 0.169 0.172 0.209 0.231 0.249 0.216 0.226 0.227 0.219 0.182 0.202 0.230 0.210 0.226 0.215 0.221 0.221 0.008 0.245 0.257 0.259 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.014 0.017DF9_8999_Araneomorphae_sp. 0.228 0.231 0.169 0.169 0.314 0.252 0.211 0.241 0.239 0.217 0.245 0.234 0.259 0.194 0.198 0.186 0.200 0.261 0.292 0.287 0.266 0.246 0.231 0.184 0.175 0.195 0.191 0.186 0.186 0.227 0.187 0.198 0.207 0.228 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.017DF8_8662_Anapistula_sp. 0.210 0.205 0.237 0.237 0.108 0.228 0.232 0.198 0.225 0.254 0.226 0.230 0.196 0.241 0.229 0.214 0.223 0.130 0.105 0.117 0.130 0.235 0.235 0.252 0.252 0.254 0.257 0.254 0.252 0.223 0.245 0.263 0.250 0.215 0.273 0.018 0.015 0.020 0.020CA6_11:1510_Araneae_indet. 0.215 0.207 0.189 0.194 0.250 0.227 0.222 0.179 0.234 0.208 0.231 0.235 0.223 0.222 0.176 0.189 0.194 0.247 0.253 0.264 0.254 0.214 0.216 0.165 0.169 0.178 0.180 0.185 0.183 0.230 0.217 0.214 0.222 0.224 0.220 0.235 0.019 0.016 0.018BX1_PES-5149_Anapistula_MH1_Symphytognathidae 0.206 0.205 0.240 0.244 0.115 0.235 0.255 0.203 0.221 0.269 0.235 0.238 0.212 0.233 0.228 0.240 0.240 0.124 0.121 0.135 0.134 0.243 0.243 0.263 0.249 0.263 0.254 0.252 0.245 0.233 0.247 0.272 0.270 0.227 0.279 0.112 0.246 0.020 0.018BP013_Deposit_B_x2 0.166 0.165 0.231 0.229 0.243 0.163 0.251 0.160 0.169 0.247 0.172 0.168 0.158 0.170 0.205 0.238 0.249 0.223 0.233 0.241 0.233 0.183 0.198 0.224 0.230 0.241 0.235 0.235 0.226 0.130 0.260 0.300 0.284 0.119 0.236 0.230 0.207 0.224 0.015AY231053_Robertus_neglectus_Theriidae 0.139 0.136 0.235 0.237 0.201 0.133 0.223 0.104 0.118 0.234 0.129 0.127 0.116 0.155 0.215 0.229 0.240 0.196 0.210 0.220 0.228 0.190 0.181 0.226 0.223 0.223 0.226 0.226 0.221 0.177 0.258 0.285 0.284 0.173 0.213 0.210 0.199 0.190 0.1521. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


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IV261 GR15MEB0022-20160115-sc-01 Pseudoscorpiones Gp 5 PC047 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.024 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.026 0.025 0.019 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.014 0.017IV279 127105 Pseudoscopiones Gp 4 PC048 0.178 0.015 0.015 0.011 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.015 0.023 0.023 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.024 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.018IV268 RC15MEB0171-20160317-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones Gp 1 PC049 0.212 0.175 0.011 0.014 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.023 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.014 0.015 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.024 0.024 0.023 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.017IV269 RC15MEB0171-20160317-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones Gp 2 PC050 0.186 0.175 0.117 0.014 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.013 0.021 0.013 0.014 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.023 0.017 0.017 0.012 0.014 0.023 0.022 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016IV278 127104 Pseudoscopiones Gp 3 PC051 0.193 0.104 0.165 0.154 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.014 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.024 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.023 0.019 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.017Anaulacodithella sp. EU559520 0.234 0.216 0.225 0.241 0.216 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.026 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.020EU559503 Lagynochthonius johni 0.206 0.212 0.236 0.236 0.238 0.236 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.020 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.021 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.025 0.019 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.020EU559505 Paraliochthonius sp. JM-2008 0.192 0.172 0.194 0.203 0.201 0.191 0.198 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.025 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.023 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.016 0.019EU559506 Tyrannochthonius sp. JM-2008 0.238 0.226 0.222 0.226 0.224 0.199 0.229 0.189 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.025 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.026 0.022 0.020 0.026 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020EU559509 Pseudotyrannochthonius sp. JM-2 0.238 0.233 0.263 0.254 0.245 0.215 0.229 0.219 0.238 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.024 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.021 0.019 0.024 0.025 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.021 0.023 0.024 0.021 0.020EU559513 Austrochtonia sp 0.199 0.189 0.219 0.194 0.192 0.182 0.203 0.161 0.171 0.212 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.025 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.018 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.021EU559519 Pseudochthonius sp. 0.216 0.240 0.234 0.219 0.208 0.228 0.258 0.243 0.243 0.275 0.207 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.019 0.017 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.024 0.025 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.020EU559521 Sathrochthonius insulanus 0.249 0.240 0.257 0.239 0.233 0.193 0.233 0.231 0.226 0.245 0.182 0.230 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.023 0.023 0.018 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.019KJ659959 Tyrannochthonius aridus 0.213 0.191 0.203 0.196 0.191 0.223 0.227 0.191 0.266 0.241 0.202 0.216 0.252 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.023 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.019IS01 PC001 0.225 0.214 0.220 0.209 0.218 0.269 0.249 0.227 0.273 0.247 0.212 0.252 0.253 0.201 0.010 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.023 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.021 0.024 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.018IS12 PC002 0.218 0.212 0.232 0.214 0.223 0.264 0.249 0.218 0.270 0.247 0.215 0.245 0.262 0.199 0.053 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.024 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.024 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.024 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.017IS08 PC003 0.218 0.216 0.225 0.236 0.216 0.269 0.256 0.232 0.273 0.263 0.229 0.254 0.269 0.211 0.093 0.091 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.026 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017IS06 PC004 0.238 0.218 0.212 0.220 0.227 0.255 0.229 0.203 0.263 0.254 0.226 0.261 0.257 0.216 0.149 0.147 0.136 0.014 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.024 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.026 0.022 0.018 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.016IS05 PC005 0.245 0.225 0.218 0.212 0.227 0.260 0.242 0.221 0.268 0.252 0.242 0.261 0.269 0.218 0.167 0.147 0.149 0.116 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.024 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018IS10 PC006 0.194 0.192 0.203 0.205 0.187 0.225 0.229 0.191 0.201 0.261 0.208 0.259 0.244 0.235 0.227 0.236 0.222 0.258 0.231 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.024 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.023 0.022 0.019 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018IS11 PC007 0.185 0.151 0.180 0.194 0.156 0.225 0.210 0.178 0.196 0.233 0.182 0.213 0.228 0.181 0.229 0.233 0.222 0.227 0.209 0.176 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.027 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.025 0.024 0.017 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.024 0.018 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016CM18 RC11KOOD0193P2T1-2 Lagynochthonius sp. CP008 0.189 0.192 0.236 0.203 0.212 0.241 0.226 0.186 0.233 0.256 0.201 0.245 0.230 0.191 0.238 0.220 0.236 0.222 0.220 0.224 0.189 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.025 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.027 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.020IV212 DD14MEL0001-20151001-T2-02 PC009 0.229 0.209 0.216 0.216 0.212 0.244 0.231 0.221 0.252 0.259 0.194 0.245 0.253 0.169 0.187 0.196 0.189 0.187 0.204 0.240 0.193 0.216 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.023 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.021 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.016 0.019IV226 RC14MRR0020-20151002-T2-01 PC010 0.227 0.212 0.234 0.227 0.209 0.244 0.226 0.223 0.259 0.254 0.206 0.247 0.230 0.184 0.207 0.202 0.216 0.189 0.202 0.238 0.193 0.216 0.111 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.018 0.018IV203 DD14MRR0004T1-04 PC011 0.185 0.122 0.180 0.158 0.125 0.207 0.215 0.167 0.210 0.224 0.164 0.204 0.223 0.184 0.204 0.204 0.216 0.193 0.236 0.200 0.144 0.182 0.204 0.207 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.023 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.025 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.017IV210 MEARC3814-20150606-02sc PC012 0.205 0.163 0.111 0.085 0.143 0.223 0.233 0.205 0.219 0.247 0.187 0.225 0.248 0.208 0.198 0.204 0.207 0.216 0.222 0.193 0.187 0.216 0.218 0.238 0.156 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.023 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.017AK14 PE110372 Tyrannochthonius DC4 PC013 0.193 0.195 0.209 0.205 0.186 0.207 0.233 0.196 0.222 0.229 0.180 0.245 0.214 0.233 0.237 0.246 0.241 0.251 0.248 0.221 0.198 0.211 0.237 0.246 0.172 0.198 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.025 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.018 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019JU05 RC15MEH0315.20160627.T2-02 PC014 0.175 0.154 0.161 0.148 0.148 0.221 0.229 0.178 0.219 0.245 0.194 0.236 0.239 0.196 0.200 0.196 0.207 0.211 0.222 0.189 0.198 0.216 0.211 0.224 0.164 0.133 0.191 0.006 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.014 0.016 0.022 0.021 0.018 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.014 0.015JU07 RC15MEH0335.20160627.T1-01 PC015 0.181 0.160 0.162 0.157 0.157 0.214 0.219 0.173 0.208 0.242 0.192 0.237 0.241 0.186 0.198 0.189 0.204 0.202 0.218 0.187 0.191 0.204 0.204 0.229 0.158 0.133 0.186 0.030 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.013 0.017 0.023 0.021 0.018 0.023 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.015G146 Pseudoscorpians LN6643 PC016 0.217 0.221 0.217 0.194 0.219 0.212 0.220 0.184 0.208 0.218 0.188 0.204 0.233 0.189 0.216 0.209 0.218 0.214 0.209 0.214 0.203 0.196 0.178 0.196 0.183 0.205 0.207 0.209 0.196 0.009 0.011 0.016 0.017 0.024 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.025 0.021 0.017 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.019G149 Pseudoscorpians LN8500 PC017 0.230 0.219 0.223 0.199 0.219 0.214 0.211 0.184 0.215 0.229 0.185 0.224 0.233 0.209 0.220 0.218 0.223 0.216 0.209 0.218 0.207 0.207 0.167 0.183 0.187 0.203 0.226 0.209 0.196 0.043 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.024 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.024 0.022 0.016 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.020G154 Pseduoscorpians LN8374 PC018 0.205 0.207 0.207 0.194 0.220 0.224 0.227 0.187 0.213 0.231 0.190 0.221 0.223 0.209 0.225 0.214 0.209 0.196 0.187 0.198 0.207 0.204 0.187 0.198 0.192 0.192 0.207 0.218 0.204 0.064 0.073 0.016 0.015 0.025 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.022 0.016 0.024 0.026 0.022 0.024 0.021 0.024 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.019G151 Pseudoscorpians LN8451 PC019 0.208 0.199 0.214 0.203 0.217 0.210 0.211 0.189 0.204 0.220 0.199 0.233 0.249 0.194 0.214 0.214 0.218 0.209 0.214 0.207 0.194 0.185 0.189 0.198 0.203 0.178 0.233 0.209 0.196 0.119 0.119 0.130 0.015 0.024 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.014 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.023 0.023 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.015 0.018G152 Pseudoscorpians LN7608 PC020 0.212 0.214 0.205 0.189 0.200 0.205 0.206 0.189 0.220 0.208 0.183 0.218 0.232 0.209 0.227 0.227 0.216 0.227 0.238 0.209 0.223 0.228 0.205 0.220 0.178 0.180 0.182 0.191 0.189 0.135 0.126 0.128 0.145 0.027 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.018 0.013 0.022 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.015 0.023 0.025 0.019 0.022 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018G118 Tyrannochthonius Hamersley Range PC021 0.208 0.235 0.243 0.246 0.235 0.273 0.261 0.234 0.255 0.249 0.235 0.270 0.261 0.258 0.258 0.261 0.276 0.282 0.296 0.252 0.270 0.255 0.279 0.287 0.220 0.246 0.249 0.264 0.261 0.246 0.240 0.261 0.270 0.270 0.027 0.024 0.024 0.027 0.024 0.024 0.026 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.024 0.028 0.022 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.022G219 Pseudoscorpian 108935 Turner River PC022 0.191 0.193 0.175 0.166 0.191 0.198 0.226 0.156 0.212 0.224 0.176 0.228 0.232 0.181 0.198 0.186 0.205 0.177 0.168 0.209 0.166 0.198 0.216 0.221 0.184 0.179 0.211 0.161 0.154 0.175 0.184 0.180 0.184 0.191 0.249 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.018G220 Pseudoscorpian 109177 Turner River PC023 0.182 0.184 0.211 0.179 0.186 0.221 0.206 0.189 0.215 0.238 0.185 0.233 0.225 0.203 0.211 0.195 0.214 0.200 0.200 0.230 0.189 0.202 0.211 0.221 0.177 0.195 0.214 0.191 0.179 0.212 0.210 0.200 0.212 0.200 0.243 0.117 0.013 0.012 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.024 0.020 0.023 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018G479 111446 Chthoniidae sp NS PC024 0.193 0.191 0.200 0.178 0.190 0.225 0.208 0.187 0.217 0.242 0.185 0.242 0.236 0.208 0.203 0.198 0.207 0.192 0.180 0.234 0.174 0.187 0.212 0.220 0.171 0.207 0.223 0.190 0.193 0.208 0.210 0.200 0.205 0.209 0.240 0.124 0.071 0.011 0.020 0.023 0.018 0.019 0.014 0.016 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.026 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016G480 LN6258 Tyrannochthonius sp S3 PC025 0.178 0.182 0.202 0.168 0.180 0.214 0.192 0.174 0.192 0.233 0.164 0.225 0.239 0.199 0.192 0.185 0.198 0.180 0.185 0.207 0.171 0.189 0.212 0.214 0.163 0.187 0.209 0.175 0.173 0.194 0.199 0.187 0.199 0.192 0.238 0.122 0.064 0.063 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.013 0.016 0.025 0.021 0.017 0.025 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016SB14-MT G85 LN8520 PC026 0.186 0.202 0.215 0.204 0.200 0.218 0.208 0.187 0.229 0.222 0.188 0.232 0.234 0.210 0.242 0.226 0.221 0.239 0.235 0.201 0.208 0.203 0.204 0.210 0.190 0.199 0.211 0.195 0.195 0.136 0.140 0.138 0.147 0.094 0.238 0.183 0.197 0.204 0.188 0.021 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.023 0.017 0.025 0.023 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.019G319 LN8720 Chthoniid sp Munjina PC027 0.232 0.227 0.232 0.235 0.240 0.220 0.235 0.227 0.249 0.264 0.191 0.247 0.252 0.230 0.230 0.232 0.237 0.249 0.267 0.235 0.237 0.242 0.247 0.249 0.210 0.220 0.205 0.237 0.227 0.215 0.218 0.232 0.215 0.225 0.261 0.225 0.237 0.235 0.225 0.227 0.019 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.019 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.019 0.020G324 101086 Tyrannochthonius sp Mariilana Creek PC028 0.208 0.185 0.220 0.199 0.185 0.222 0.220 0.220 0.232 0.243 0.177 0.222 0.251 0.212 0.210 0.203 0.208 0.217 0.215 0.215 0.187 0.178 0.212 0.212 0.176 0.203 0.206 0.203 0.196 0.178 0.174 0.192 0.187 0.183 0.249 0.187 0.191 0.181 0.178 0.175 0.191 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.022 0.021 0.018 0.023 0.025 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.017G328 LN9199 Tyrannochthonius sp Ophthalmia Range PC029 0.181 0.183 0.215 0.199 0.190 0.229 0.232 0.188 0.222 0.243 0.175 0.237 0.215 0.194 0.199 0.192 0.224 0.199 0.215 0.217 0.192 0.174 0.203 0.208 0.180 0.194 0.182 0.178 0.176 0.181 0.178 0.192 0.196 0.196 0.217 0.163 0.177 0.183 0.192 0.198 0.205 0.165 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.025 0.024 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.019G430 100975 Tyrannochthonius sp PC030 0.186 0.203 0.198 0.172 0.202 0.207 0.199 0.199 0.222 0.245 0.187 0.237 0.219 0.199 0.256 0.241 0.252 0.236 0.238 0.207 0.178 0.174 0.238 0.234 0.194 0.189 0.214 0.177 0.172 0.232 0.232 0.232 0.208 0.229 0.199 0.186 0.193 0.180 0.178 0.200 0.235 0.172 0.199 0.015 0.025 0.021 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.016G428 110726 Chthoniidae sp PC031 0.202 0.210 0.218 0.211 0.212 0.218 0.236 0.201 0.247 0.236 0.226 0.263 0.257 0.238 0.234 0.243 0.232 0.216 0.232 0.223 0.234 0.229 0.247 0.238 0.194 0.198 0.241 0.206 0.209 0.221 0.225 0.234 0.230 0.234 0.150 0.216 0.214 0.190 0.191 0.209 0.230 0.217 0.227 0.169 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.016EAP0178 Tyran B1 Ophthalmia Range PC032 0.262 0.259 0.256 0.250 0.256 0.303 0.282 0.264 0.300 0.262 0.241 0.288 0.285 0.235 0.206 0.197 0.221 0.238 0.224 0.268 0.294 0.268 0.218 0.221 0.253 0.250 0.279 0.253 0.253 0.238 0.232 0.235 0.238 0.253 0.247 0.235 0.268 0.259 0.274 0.262 0.279 0.247 0.226 0.276 0.279 0.022 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.023 0.022EA0270R Lag B2 Ophthalmia Range PC033 0.259 0.238 0.232 0.232 0.235 0.247 0.262 0.204 0.259 0.292 0.223 0.241 0.268 0.214 0.259 0.250 0.268 0.256 0.274 0.253 0.241 0.226 0.253 0.256 0.208 0.235 0.259 0.244 0.241 0.235 0.229 0.235 0.265 0.226 0.277 0.208 0.211 0.214 0.205 0.238 0.265 0.202 0.202 0.217 0.262 0.274 0.023 0.025 0.023 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.026 0.024 0.021YYHC0048I G87 LN8425 PC034 0.231 0.204 0.229 0.213 0.211 0.231 0.211 0.189 0.201 0.215 0.199 0.237 0.248 0.230 0.235 0.230 0.219 0.208 0.217 0.226 0.208 0.216 0.201 0.204 0.186 0.213 0.213 0.224 0.215 0.129 0.129 0.129 0.114 0.138 0.261 0.208 0.215 0.206 0.195 0.140 0.232 0.202 0.218 0.233 0.244 0.259 0.244 0.027 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.019MG0165R J8 31 Tyrannochthonius sp PC035 0.285 0.271 0.241 0.253 0.241 0.232 0.300 0.252 0.309 0.306 0.241 0.235 0.276 0.247 0.268 0.265 0.274 0.274 0.262 0.268 0.265 0.309 0.279 0.279 0.259 0.238 0.276 0.244 0.238 0.268 0.262 0.271 0.262 0.274 0.303 0.256 0.259 0.271 0.276 0.268 0.271 0.250 0.268 0.265 0.282 0.280 0.301 0.309 0.023 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.022 0.025 0.026 0.022EJR0202 2 9 9 Tyrranochthonius B2 PC036 0.252 0.214 0.217 0.214 0.214 0.220 0.243 0.237 0.229 0.255 0.217 0.258 0.240 0.249 0.287 0.290 0.290 0.284 0.276 0.238 0.214 0.261 0.252 0.255 0.217 0.217 0.196 0.226 0.232 0.246 0.249 0.246 0.243 0.235 0.264 0.214 0.214 0.217 0.208 0.226 0.223 0.232 0.226 0.205 0.243 0.291 0.259 0.249 0.250 0.023 0.022 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.024 0.024 0.026 0.022 0.022LB084 Tyran Wheelarra Hill PC037 0.207 0.201 0.207 0.186 0.201 0.213 0.237 0.182 0.210 0.269 0.201 0.234 0.249 0.216 0.246 0.234 0.249 0.254 0.254 0.204 0.219 0.219 0.207 0.225 0.198 0.186 0.169 0.180 0.166 0.207 0.210 0.198 0.204 0.207 0.237 0.201 0.201 0.213 0.195 0.195 0.213 0.198 0.160 0.180 0.222 0.246 0.195 0.222 0.258 0.163 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.019 0.025 0.022 0.021PI012 Tyran Wheelarra Hill PC038 0.213 0.210 0.207 0.219 0.195 0.207 0.222 0.152 0.231 0.257 0.192 0.237 0.222 0.186 0.234 0.243 0.260 0.246 0.263 0.228 0.178 0.210 0.216 0.246 0.183 0.207 0.204 0.204 0.189 0.207 0.204 0.213 0.210 0.213 0.216 0.189 0.192 0.195 0.189 0.201 0.210 0.216 0.160 0.195 0.231 0.267 0.228 0.216 0.237 0.195 0.154 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.024 0.018 0.025 0.020 0.022EXR1148 J20-6 Lagy S4 Hancock Range North PC039 0.234 0.222 0.237 0.228 0.204 0.231 0.216 0.206 0.219 0.240 0.201 0.249 0.254 0.231 0.234 0.234 0.240 0.243 0.240 0.225 0.222 0.189 0.228 0.228 0.213 0.207 0.198 0.219 0.210 0.183 0.201 0.204 0.213 0.210 0.216 0.213 0.222 0.219 0.225 0.222 0.243 0.198 0.178 0.219 0.216 0.264 0.225 0.216 0.291 0.231 0.197 0.197 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.023GF0173R Lag B2 Jirrpalpur Range PC040 0.229 0.185 0.243 0.235 0.214 0.246 0.223 0.210 0.235 0.279 0.194 0.235 0.243 0.232 0.258 0.249 0.267 0.273 0.264 0.238 0.194 0.188 0.255 0.249 0.208 0.235 0.223 0.249 0.240 0.211 0.223 0.226 0.229 0.238 0.235 0.205 0.211 0.220 0.208 0.229 0.223 0.188 0.155 0.205 0.261 0.265 0.238 0.252 0.288 0.226 0.204 0.183 0.189 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.021JIN0078R BHP772 Lagynochthonius Hancock Range South PC041 0.267 0.211 0.235 0.229 0.217 0.246 0.267 0.207 0.238 0.276 0.191 0.226 0.261 0.243 0.287 0.282 0.305 0.284 0.284 0.243 0.196 0.208 0.261 0.252 0.185 0.246 0.214 0.246 0.243 0.220 0.226 0.226 0.264 0.232 0.282 0.223 0.232 0.220 0.220 0.243 0.240 0.202 0.191 0.226 0.282 0.315 0.232 0.246 0.300 0.214 0.198 0.180 0.195 0.147 0.020 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.023AX83 10DDH033P1T1-2 PC042 0.202 0.203 0.205 0.200 0.196 0.237 0.245 0.199 0.259 0.224 0.217 0.242 0.264 0.189 0.212 0.225 0.229 0.216 0.220 0.223 0.189 0.187 0.194 0.194 0.189 0.212 0.228 0.190 0.191 0.190 0.199 0.212 0.199 0.209 0.243 0.186 0.248 0.207 0.200 0.204 0.242 0.204 0.199 0.203 0.223 0.250 0.220 0.191 0.271 0.240 0.237 0.201 0.219 0.246 0.232 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.020AX82 ID31P1T1-5 PC043 0.194 0.201 0.216 0.200 0.207 0.190 0.223 0.157 0.216 0.230 0.174 0.240 0.244 0.195 0.200 0.195 0.209 0.217 0.215 0.186 0.177 0.170 0.202 0.206 0.186 0.202 0.220 0.198 0.200 0.175 0.173 0.175 0.175 0.193 0.263 0.174 0.201 0.199 0.194 0.181 0.204 0.189 0.177 0.206 0.208 0.243 0.225 0.208 0.279 0.251 0.179 0.176 0.188 0.207 0.213 0.201 0.015 0.014 0.018AX86 ID32P1T1-7 PC044 0.211 0.226 0.235 0.222 0.218 0.236 0.191 0.220 0.247 0.244 0.226 0.262 0.261 0.220 0.224 0.213 0.209 0.240 0.229 0.231 0.197 0.186 0.213 0.224 0.209 0.233 0.248 0.228 0.235 0.209 0.209 0.222 0.202 0.213 0.263 0.222 0.213 0.204 0.211 0.210 0.244 0.219 0.200 0.218 0.235 0.285 0.249 0.210 0.309 0.287 0.239 0.224 0.223 0.246 0.257 0.221 0.145 0.017 0.020AX85 ID32P1T1-7 PC045 0.187 0.185 0.187 0.177 0.179 0.211 0.196 0.140 0.212 0.226 0.176 0.231 0.229 0.191 0.238 0.238 0.243 0.220 0.214 0.174 0.158 0.176 0.220 0.214 0.169 0.189 0.202 0.178 0.172 0.183 0.194 0.189 0.183 0.196 0.240 0.168 0.205 0.193 0.184 0.179 0.230 0.178 0.176 0.169 0.199 0.256 0.232 0.188 0.265 0.217 0.186 0.183 0.186 0.223 0.229 0.180 0.170 0.204 0.016JV08 DD15BS40010-20160608-T2-02 PC046 0.218 0.185 0.194 0.187 0.189 0.244 0.245 0.212 0.256 0.242 0.236 0.228 0.255 0.172 0.162 0.164 0.167 0.164 0.162 0.218 0.200 0.213 0.187 0.184 0.189 0.204 0.251 0.184 0.173 0.192 0.203 0.205 0.205 0.229 0.284 0.168 0.182 0.167 0.187 0.206 0.227 0.219 0.201 0.238 0.216 0.250 0.256 0.213 0.262 0.252 0.246 0.237 0.243 0.264 0.279 0.194 0.197 0.235 0.2051. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Lineage 1271

03

IV22

1

IV26

5

IV22

4

IV25

9

IV21

6

IV22

2

AX

81

DF1

8

Isp

FZ1

FZ2

G10

7

G21

1

GB0

018R

GC

0103

R

IT72

IV20

1

IV20

2

IV20

6

IV20

9

IV21

1

IV21

3

IV21

7

IV21

9

JD01

JF56

PSF0

090R

127103 Pseudoscorpiones gp 9 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.024 0.021 0.025 0.026 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.024IV221 139896 Pseudoscorpiones gp 10 0.180 0.010 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.027 0.027 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.012 0.020 0.014 0.027IV265 RC15MEB0020-20160317-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones gp 11 0.206 0.053 0.013 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.020 0.026 0.025 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.025IV224 138538 Pseudoscorpiones gp 12 0.214 0.055 0.079 0.009 0.011 0.008 0.017 0.026 0.022 0.025 0.024 0.030 0.025 0.028 0.028 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.026 0.014 0.023 0.019 0.029IV259 DD15MEB0018-20160317-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones gp 12-2 0.206 0.065 0.070 0.036 0.009 0.007 0.015 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.009 0.019 0.016 0.024IV216 138532 Pseudoscorpiones gp 13 0.216 0.076 0.095 0.075 0.069 0.007 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.021 0.025 0.025 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.011 0.020 0.015 0.026IV222 138537 Pseudoscorpiones gp 14 0.207 0.048 0.072 0.042 0.044 0.035 0.015 0.022 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.021 0.026 0.026 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.016 0.015 0.020 0.009 0.019 0.015 0.026AX81 ID27P1T4-5 Pseudoscorpionida 0.236 0.203 0.222 0.206 0.217 0.223 0.204 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.024 0.018 0.026 0.025 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.025DF18 8668 Indohya sp. 0.220 0.228 0.225 0.225 0.236 0.243 0.234 0.207 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.024EU559564 Indohya sp. JM-2008 0.240 0.219 0.224 0.204 0.224 0.217 0.203 0.187 0.215 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.024FZ1 Pseudoscorpion RC13KOOD0302P7T1-1 0.264 0.214 0.214 0.222 0.228 0.228 0.209 0.221 0.200 0.228 0.005 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.011 0.020 0.024FZ2 Pseudoscorpion RC13KOOD0305P7T3-3 0.264 0.214 0.214 0.222 0.228 0.228 0.209 0.221 0.204 0.228 0.010 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.012 0.020 0.024G107 Indohya 0.267 0.279 0.279 0.275 0.276 0.293 0.282 0.287 0.199 0.252 0.258 0.261 0.020 0.024 0.023 0.025 0.021 0.024 0.018 0.017 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.024 0.020 0.022 0.023G211 Pseudoscorpian 109256 0.256 0.228 0.225 0.232 0.237 0.251 0.232 0.199 0.230 0.244 0.225 0.228 0.255 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.022 0.022GB0018R Hyidae B1 0.349 0.308 0.296 0.288 0.308 0.308 0.308 0.287 0.255 0.293 0.238 0.240 0.276 0.282 0.012 0.024 0.023 0.027 0.024 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.021GC0103R Hyidae 0.323 0.293 0.284 0.280 0.302 0.308 0.305 0.267 0.258 0.276 0.235 0.238 0.258 0.249 0.053 0.024 0.023 0.025 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.026 0.021 0.024 0.020IT72 BHRC0512-151013-T3-01 Pseudoscorpiones 0.194 0.109 0.110 0.093 0.113 0.116 0.102 0.196 0.215 0.192 0.230 0.227 0.268 0.235 0.287 0.277 0.022 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.021 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.027IV201 DD14MEB0002-20150607-01sc Pseudoscorpiones 0.254 0.235 0.236 0.222 0.236 0.238 0.223 0.207 0.216 0.215 0.224 0.228 0.258 0.242 0.252 0.255 0.245 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.021IV202 DD14MRR0004T1-04 Pseudoscorpiones 0.163 0.240 0.229 0.215 0.225 0.238 0.234 0.245 0.236 0.252 0.264 0.269 0.284 0.258 0.337 0.326 0.231 0.267 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.024IV206 DD14MRR0008-20150808-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones 0.234 0.251 0.256 0.222 0.256 0.258 0.249 0.209 0.162 0.219 0.231 0.236 0.176 0.227 0.264 0.246 0.263 0.213 0.262 0.009 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.017 0.021 0.023IV209 M2ERC027-t2-03 Pseudoscorpiones 0.227 0.244 0.249 0.218 0.245 0.258 0.245 0.207 0.162 0.215 0.228 0.228 0.167 0.237 0.261 0.249 0.263 0.207 0.262 0.036 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.022IV211 RC13MEA0279-20150807-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones 0.185 0.118 0.122 0.126 0.140 0.134 0.125 0.200 0.218 0.219 0.221 0.216 0.284 0.249 0.290 0.293 0.113 0.227 0.224 0.240 0.227 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.014 0.026IV213 DD14MRR0009-20151002-T2-02 Pseudoscorpiones 0.212 0.122 0.125 0.116 0.143 0.138 0.125 0.207 0.220 0.233 0.228 0.224 0.308 0.232 0.305 0.302 0.105 0.253 0.227 0.249 0.240 0.131 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.011 0.026IV217 RC14MEB0029-20151001-T1-01 Pseudoscorpiones 0.256 0.244 0.236 0.239 0.241 0.243 0.227 0.212 0.218 0.215 0.233 0.240 0.255 0.246 0.255 0.255 0.247 0.049 0.260 0.227 0.222 0.224 0.258 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.023IV219 RC14MEB0101-20151001-T1-02 Pseudoscorpiones 0.186 0.066 0.080 0.048 0.045 0.066 0.042 0.212 0.254 0.220 0.215 0.210 0.282 0.232 0.305 0.296 0.113 0.252 0.242 0.261 0.252 0.141 0.134 0.254 0.019 0.015 0.025JD01 RC13KOOD0184-151011-T1-03 Pseudoscorpion 0.249 0.210 0.198 0.212 0.209 0.218 0.198 0.192 0.189 0.201 0.060 0.065 0.246 0.215 0.229 0.211 0.204 0.196 0.247 0.211 0.204 0.204 0.209 0.198 0.209 0.018 0.022JF56 RC14MEH0252-20160120-T1-04 Psuedoscorpiones 0.212 0.122 0.122 0.123 0.140 0.136 0.131 0.200 0.227 0.226 0.243 0.238 0.299 0.244 0.299 0.293 0.099 0.249 0.216 0.253 0.251 0.129 0.069 0.249 0.141 0.202 0.025PSF0090R LN2124 Packsaddle Indohya 0.343 0.331 0.305 0.322 0.320 0.317 0.317 0.305 0.282 0.287 0.276 0.273 0.287 0.258 0.173 0.176 0.283 0.273 0.349 0.258 0.258 0.311 0.299 0.279 0.323 0.252 0.3141. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Specimen ID IV28

9

IV29

5

IV29

3

IV32

6

WA

MT1

3706

6

IV61

IV07

IV82

IV76

IV09

IV79

IV17

IV14

IV27

IV55

IV81

Db

ram

Dm

eso

Pan

a

Pbyt

h

Pgn

op

Pkry

p

Psp

C11

9

C37

C58

FT4

FT5

FT6

FZ21

GG

9

GH

7

GH

8

HE1

7

HE4

IS15

IS33

IT67

Pca

rd

U72

U74

U83

IV289 110827 Schizomid gp 1 Paradraculoides bythius 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.016 0.003 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.003 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012IV295 133446 Schizomid gp 2 Paradraculoides anachoretus 0.110 0.008 0.013 0.017 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.003 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012IV293 140982 Schizomid gp 3 P. sp.'SCH034' 0.085 0.056 0.014 0.017 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.008 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012IV326 DD15MEB0008-20160317-T2-01 Schizomid gp 4 Bamazomus sp. 0.169 0.163 0.160 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.000 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012WAMT137066 Schizomid gp 5 B. subsolanus 0.205 0.205 0.205 0.179 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015IV61 DD14MEC0002-20150929-T3-03 lin 1 0.008 0.108 0.086 0.161 0.201 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.001 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012IV07 Budgie20150604-06 lin 2 0.070 0.078 0.074 0.156 0.210 0.069 0.009 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.010 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013IV82 TOBRC0023-20151001-T1-01 lin 3 0.086 0.088 0.080 0.160 0.205 0.081 0.063 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.007 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.013IV76 MELUNK11-20151001-T2-01 lin 4 0.103 0.119 0.105 0.160 0.190 0.102 0.111 0.107 0.007 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012IV09 DD14MEL0001-t2-01 lin 4a 0.122 0.116 0.102 0.166 0.186 0.117 0.108 0.110 0.034 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012IV79 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-01 lin 5 0.169 0.163 0.160 0.000 0.179 0.161 0.156 0.160 0.160 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012IV17 DD14MRR007-20150808-T1-02 lin 6 0.167 0.149 0.147 0.172 0.194 0.166 0.156 0.152 0.152 0.158 0.172 0.011 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.012IV14 DD14MRR0005-T1-01 lin 7 0.174 0.160 0.152 0.178 0.201 0.172 0.166 0.166 0.146 0.153 0.178 0.091 0.009 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.009 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012IV27 M2ERC0053-T2-02 lin 8 0.167 0.146 0.139 0.160 0.220 0.167 0.152 0.153 0.139 0.147 0.160 0.086 0.072 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.003 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012IV55 RC13MRR0077-T1-02 lin 9 0.164 0.160 0.156 0.183 0.190 0.163 0.152 0.150 0.129 0.131 0.183 0.122 0.124 0.119 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014IV81 RC14MRR0017-20151002-T2-01 lin 10 0.158 0.152 0.152 0.182 0.201 0.156 0.153 0.155 0.160 0.167 0.182 0.150 0.172 0.161 0.172 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.013EU272684 Draculoides bramstokeri 0.157 0.141 0.138 0.155 0.184 0.152 0.148 0.154 0.132 0.135 0.155 0.146 0.148 0.144 0.152 0.165 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013EU272730 Draculoides mesozeirus SzJ 0.165 0.146 0.139 0.157 0.217 0.165 0.149 0.151 0.136 0.141 0.157 0.089 0.073 0.006 0.120 0.162 0.141 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012Panachoretus WAM T66236 Paradraculoides 0.115 0.005 0.063 0.169 0.209 0.113 0.085 0.095 0.124 0.121 0.169 0.155 0.165 0.152 0.166 0.160 0.147 0.151 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012Pbythius WAM T63344 Paradraculoides byth 0.006 0.110 0.087 0.165 0.206 0.002 0.069 0.085 0.103 0.119 0.165 0.169 0.171 0.168 0.166 0.161 0.156 0.164 0.111 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013Pgnophicola WAM T63371 3 Paradraculoides 0.105 0.116 0.102 0.174 0.202 0.100 0.087 0.076 0.090 0.095 0.174 0.135 0.161 0.148 0.131 0.150 0.137 0.144 0.121 0.102 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014Pkryptus WAM T65802 Paradraculoides kryp 0.111 0.113 0.087 0.174 0.193 0.110 0.102 0.111 0.095 0.100 0.174 0.152 0.150 0.153 0.142 0.165 0.140 0.152 0.118 0.108 0.092 0.010 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013Psp OFB 2007 Paradraculoides sp. OFB-200 0.094 0.089 0.084 0.153 0.197 0.089 0.074 0.039 0.097 0.103 0.153 0.153 0.166 0.160 0.150 0.156 0.137 0.156 0.094 0.090 0.084 0.098 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013C119 ex T95543 0.132 0.144 0.141 0.173 0.212 0.137 0.130 0.146 0.130 0.143 0.173 0.167 0.170 0.165 0.171 0.144 0.162 0.162 0.150 0.137 0.134 0.148 0.147 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012C37 T92541B 0.146 0.139 0.133 0.186 0.197 0.144 0.127 0.133 0.129 0.127 0.186 0.151 0.164 0.153 0.144 0.153 0.155 0.152 0.142 0.140 0.116 0.123 0.119 0.156 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012C58 T98320 0.108 0.142 0.127 0.172 0.173 0.105 0.119 0.119 0.132 0.130 0.172 0.160 0.167 0.163 0.150 0.161 0.148 0.157 0.150 0.108 0.118 0.123 0.121 0.141 0.120 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.011FT4 Draculoides SCH012 PSB0166R 0.167 0.141 0.142 0.161 0.214 0.169 0.149 0.153 0.160 0.160 0.161 0.150 0.171 0.160 0.169 0.133 0.143 0.162 0.148 0.174 0.155 0.171 0.150 0.135 0.175 0.166 0.008 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013FT5 Draculoides sp PSB0163R 0.164 0.152 0.152 0.166 0.207 0.163 0.146 0.146 0.146 0.149 0.166 0.161 0.167 0.161 0.160 0.136 0.140 0.159 0.160 0.168 0.139 0.152 0.148 0.132 0.173 0.175 0.064 0.008 0.013 0.009 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014FT6 Draculoides SCH012 GBP553 0.164 0.139 0.136 0.147 0.203 0.163 0.146 0.147 0.146 0.147 0.147 0.161 0.164 0.158 0.161 0.138 0.143 0.159 0.147 0.168 0.155 0.160 0.144 0.132 0.178 0.175 0.030 0.063 0.012 0.006 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013FZ21 Schizomida RC13KOOD0308P7T1-1 0.155 0.153 0.141 0.144 0.201 0.150 0.142 0.144 0.149 0.158 0.144 0.170 0.182 0.152 0.185 0.144 0.138 0.152 0.160 0.155 0.145 0.152 0.139 0.149 0.170 0.181 0.122 0.117 0.118 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013GG9 Draculoides sp PSA0806R 0.169 0.136 0.142 0.150 0.205 0.167 0.147 0.146 0.149 0.155 0.150 0.144 0.164 0.156 0.160 0.133 0.135 0.159 0.144 0.173 0.152 0.161 0.142 0.137 0.167 0.171 0.031 0.061 0.028 0.117 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.013GH7 Draculoides Dra-PES16433 0.146 0.138 0.136 0.169 0.192 0.146 0.131 0.136 0.139 0.139 0.169 0.172 0.175 0.164 0.164 0.146 0.162 0.160 0.140 0.148 0.152 0.142 0.145 0.135 0.138 0.133 0.153 0.147 0.147 0.156 0.147 0.007 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012GH8 Draculoides Dra-PES16447 0.142 0.128 0.125 0.161 0.194 0.146 0.121 0.135 0.130 0.136 0.161 0.163 0.155 0.142 0.152 0.150 0.160 0.139 0.132 0.147 0.139 0.132 0.145 0.119 0.141 0.130 0.146 0.133 0.136 0.147 0.146 0.038 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012HE17 BHRC151-20141216-T3-01c 0.129 0.135 0.137 0.175 0.179 0.126 0.129 0.123 0.127 0.124 0.175 0.143 0.157 0.148 0.151 0.148 0.149 0.146 0.141 0.128 0.123 0.111 0.121 0.148 0.115 0.118 0.164 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.159 0.137 0.137 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013HE4 BHRC001-20141028-SC01 0.137 0.143 0.143 0.165 0.207 0.137 0.138 0.129 0.134 0.143 0.165 0.142 0.149 0.138 0.153 0.146 0.165 0.130 0.147 0.137 0.131 0.132 0.132 0.144 0.121 0.118 0.165 0.143 0.160 0.162 0.154 0.145 0.145 0.115 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.012IS15 KBRC1389 20150909 04 Schizomida 0.131 0.135 0.131 0.155 0.207 0.124 0.122 0.124 0.122 0.127 0.155 0.150 0.161 0.135 0.161 0.149 0.133 0.136 0.142 0.127 0.121 0.127 0.126 0.138 0.135 0.109 0.147 0.166 0.150 0.156 0.144 0.152 0.144 0.124 0.124 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013IS33 Kbrc116720150809t2 05 Schizomida sp 0.122 0.128 0.125 0.156 0.186 0.121 0.124 0.119 0.121 0.130 0.156 0.139 0.155 0.139 0.152 0.142 0.130 0.139 0.129 0.118 0.111 0.111 0.121 0.124 0.114 0.108 0.146 0.153 0.149 0.159 0.144 0.138 0.122 0.104 0.099 0.100 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.012IT67 BHRC401-151013-T1-01 Schizomida 0.121 0.114 0.125 0.157 0.192 0.116 0.114 0.116 0.111 0.121 0.157 0.146 0.157 0.144 0.149 0.147 0.135 0.141 0.121 0.119 0.116 0.108 0.111 0.130 0.132 0.113 0.155 0.138 0.154 0.144 0.150 0.139 0.127 0.115 0.110 0.099 0.105 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012T93233 C17 CBRC099P5T1-3 Paradraculoides sp cardo 0.132 0.119 0.119 0.148 0.162 0.123 0.117 0.125 0.134 0.126 0.148 0.130 0.144 0.152 0.143 0.170 0.146 0.150 0.119 0.123 0.115 0.112 0.114 0.161 0.130 0.106 0.166 0.168 0.155 0.162 0.162 0.139 0.125 0.121 0.135 0.116 0.114 0.105 0.014 0.014 0.015U72 Shizomid T95463 0.147 0.131 0.128 0.161 0.190 0.146 0.124 0.125 0.132 0.131 0.161 0.121 0.146 0.122 0.133 0.147 0.124 0.120 0.139 0.152 0.129 0.152 0.131 0.129 0.142 0.138 0.130 0.133 0.133 0.147 0.124 0.155 0.149 0.138 0.140 0.133 0.130 0.129 0.134 0.004 0.010U74 Shizomid T95462 0.136 0.139 0.128 0.163 0.197 0.135 0.127 0.127 0.129 0.130 0.163 0.133 0.152 0.124 0.139 0.158 0.133 0.122 0.147 0.140 0.135 0.152 0.132 0.129 0.145 0.130 0.139 0.140 0.140 0.150 0.130 0.152 0.150 0.146 0.142 0.130 0.132 0.125 0.137 0.018 0.010U83 Shizomid T95450 0.147 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.194 0.149 0.124 0.125 0.130 0.133 0.160 0.144 0.153 0.131 0.147 0.144 0.137 0.125 0.131 0.150 0.140 0.152 0.132 0.137 0.153 0.138 0.127 0.141 0.137 0.142 0.122 0.147 0.146 0.151 0.154 0.145 0.141 0.124 0.141 0.078 0.0811. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


1

1 October, 2016

Jason Alexander




Via email

Re. Report on the molecular systematics of subfauna from the Robe River Valley –

historical, Phase 3 and Phase 1 and 2 repeats: Part 2

Dear Jason,

Following is a summary of the results of the subfauna study we have completed on three

taxonomic groups from the Robe River Valley (Symphyla, Chilopoda, Coleoptera). Seventeen

distinct genetic lineages were detected among the three groups. The 17 lineages likely

represent 17 species, four or five of which have been detected previously in the Pilbara.




Sincerely,




2


Sixty-two specimens of subfauna belonging to three taxonomic groups (Chilopoda, Coleoptera,

Symphyla) were collected from Robe River Valley and sequenced for variation at the

mitochondrial COXI gene. The molecular data were assessed in order to determine the number

of species present in each group and compare the results to those obtained during previous

surveys that have been undertaken for the these groups elsewhere in the Pilbara.

Executive summary

Sixty-two specimens from the Robe River Valley belonging to three taxonomic groups

were sequenced for variation at the COI gene.

Seventeen lineages were detected among the three groups.

The 17 lineages likely represent 17 species.

Four or five of the species have been detected previously in the Pilbara, whereas the

remainder appear to be new, based on the material available for comparison.

Results

Symphyla


Nine specimens of Symphyla from the Robe Valley (historical, phase 3, phase 1 and 2 repeats)

were sequenced for COI (Table 18). Two specimens yielded a DNA sequence, and a search of

similar sequences on Genbank and in the Helix database indicated that one was most similar to

the family Scutigerellidae and the other to the family Scolopendrellidae. The specimens were

analysed with Genbank voucher specimens of Scutigerellidae as follows: Hanseniella sp.

(Genbank accession # AF370839) and Scutigerellidae sp. FRL-2015 (Genbank accession

#KP696391) as well as a Genbank voucher specimen of Scolopedrellidae, Symphylella sp. YG-

2006 (Genbank accession #EF576853). In addition, as local references, 26 reference specimens

of Symphyla from the Pilbara were included in the analysis. Two specimens of centipede

Scutigerina weberi (Genbank accession # DQ222166) and Scolopendra dawydoffi (Genbank

accession #KR705635) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the two specimens from the Robe Valley, in addition

to 29 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimen in two distinct genetic lineages

(Figure 8). The new Robe Valley lineages did not contain reference specimens and so were

assigned to the new lineages SYM025 and SYM026 (Figure 8). Lineage SYM025 formed a poorly-

supported clade with the Genbank specimen of Scutigerellidae and five specimens from Upper

South Fortescue, Newman and Caramulla Creek in the Pilbara, three of which were assigned to

the genus Scutigerella on the basis of morphology (Figure 8). Lineage SYM026 formed a well-

supported clade with the Genbank specimen of Scolopendridae, and four specimens from

Newman, Turner River, Yeelirrie Station and Boundary River in the Pilbara (Figure 8).


Lineage SYM025 from Robe Valley differed from the reference specimens by between 15.0 and

28.1% sequence divergence and lineage SYM026 differed from the reference specimens by

between 16.7 and 29.5% sequence divergence (Table 19).

Chilopoda

Eleven specimens of Chilopoda from the Robe Valley (historical, Phase 3, Phase 1/2 repeat)

were sequenced for COI (Table 20). Sequences were obtained from five specimens and these

were analysed with eight Genbank vouchers from four families of Chilopoda: Cryptopidae,

Geophilidae, Mecistocephalidae (in the superfamily Geophilomorpha) and Scolopendridae as

follows: Cryptops japonicus (Genbank accession # AB610777), Cryptops pictus (Genbank

accession #JF273290) Cormocephalus multidens (Genbank accession # KF676531),

Scolopendra multidens (Genbank accession #AB614405), Gnathoribautia bonensis (Genbank

accession # KF569297), Geophilus flavus (Genbank accession # JN306685), Stenotaenia linearis

(Genbank accession # KR736251), and Mecistocephalus multidentatus (Genbank accession #

AB610774) as well as 23 reference specimens of Chilopoda from 12 sites in the Pilbara. Two


3

specimens of Onychophora, Metaperipatus inae (Genbank accession # HQ453464) and

Opisthopatus cinctipes (Genbank accession #NC014273) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the five specimens from the Robe Valley in addition

to 31 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in five genetically distinct

lineages (Figure 9). The specimens were not placed in lineages containing reference

specimens, and were therefore assigned to the new lineages CHI021 – CHI025; Figure 9). Three

of the lineages (CHI021 – CHI023) were placed in a well-supported clade with Genbank and

Pilbara specimens of Cryptopidae (Figure 9). The remaining two lineages (CHI024, CHI025) were

placed outside of the main clade containing the Pilbara and reference specimens of both

Cryptopidae and Geophilomorpha, along with Genbank specimens of Scolopendridae (Figure

9).


The five Chilopoda lineages from Robe Valley differed from one another by between 20.0 and

30.5% sequence divergence and from the reference specimens by between 16.3 and 29.8%


Coleoptera


Forty-two specimens of Coleoptera (historical, phase 3, phase 1/2 repeat) were sequenced for

COI (Table 22). In order to reduce analysis time and to simplify the presentation of results, a

preliminary neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis was conducted on the 42 Robe Valley Coleoptera

specimens. Ten distinct genetic lineages were detected (Figure 10) and haplotypes were

selected from each genetic lineage to include in a model-based phylogenetic analysis.

Following a preliminary search on Genbank and the Helix database (consisting of 122 COI

sequences of Coleoptera, including 23 provided by the WAM) for similar sequences, a

reference data set was selected consisting of ten Genbank voucher sequences of Coleoptera

as well as 40 reference specimens of Coleoptera from the Pilbara, including ten sequences

provided by the WAM, selected for their similarity to the Robe Valley specimens. Two specimens

of Hemiptera (Hemiptera sp. Genbank accession #GU671532) and Lycorma delicatula

(Genbank accession #EU909203) were used as outgroups.


The phylogenetic analysis, which included the ten specimens from the Robe Valley in addition

to 52 reference specimens, placed the Robe Valley specimens in ten genetically distinct

lineages (Figure 11). Four of the ten lineages contained reference specimens and were

assigned to the existing lineages CAN001 (Anthicidae), CCU004 (Curculionidae), CPT003

(Ptillidae), CST002 (Staphylinidae), whereas the six remaining lineages did not contain other

reference specimens and were assigned to new lineages CCA012, CCA013 (Carabidae),

CCU007 (Curculionidae), CUN 001, CUN002, CUN003 (unknown families; Figure 11). However, all

of the new lineages did show significant relationships to reference specimens. Specifically,

lineages CCA012 and CCA013 were placed in well-supported clades containing reference

specimens of Carabidae and lineage CCU007 was placed in a well-supported clade

containing reference specimens of Curculionidae, allowing tentative taxonomic assignments to

those families (Figure 11). Lineages CUN001, CUN002 and CUN003 formed well-supported, but

more distant relationships with GenBank specimens of Dermestidae, Anthicidae and

Corylophidae, respectively, which may give starting points for future taxonomic investigation

(Figure 11).



4

The ten lineages of Coleoptera from the Robe Valley differed from one another by between

13.8 and 26.4% sequence divergence (Table 23). Distances between individuals within lineages

averaged between 0 and 1.3% (Table 24).

The Robe Valley lineages differed from the reference specimens by between 0 and 30.6%

sequence divergence (Table 25). In particular, four Robe Valley lineages (IV234, IV405, IV392,

IV422) differed from the nearest reference lineages by <1% (Table 25). IV232 differed from the

nearest reference specimen by 3.7% and the remaining five lineages from Robe Valley differed

from the reference specimens by > 10% (Table 25).

Conclusions

COXI is widely considered to show suitable variation to distinguish species (Hebert et al., 2003a).

In a comparison of COXI sequences for over 13,000 pairs of taxa, Hebert et al (2003b) found a



However, a taxon by taxon approach, examining the amount of phylogenetic variation within

and between species is the most widely accepted method of defining species.

Symphyla

Two distinct genetic lineages were detected at the Robe Valley, both of which differed from

the reference specimens by >15%. This indicates that both lineages are likely to represent new

species, which have so far not been detected in the Pilbara, based on the material available

for comparison. One lineage, SYM025, appears to belong to the family Scutigerellidae,

although the relationship was not well supported in the phylogenetic analysis. The second

lineage, SYM026, is likely to belong to the Scolpendrellidae.

Chilopoda

Five genetically distinct lineages of Chilopoda were detected at the Robe River Valley. The five

lineages differed from one another by > 20% sequence divergence, thus each is likely to

represent a distinct species. None of the five lineages showed close genetic relationships to

reference specimens, differing from the references by >16.0% sequence divergence, thus the

five species are likely to be new, based on the material available for comparison. Lineages

CHI021 – CHI023 were placed with the Cryptopidae and appear to belong to that family. The

remaining two lineages cannot be reliably assigned to a family, owing to poorly resolved

relationships in the phylogenetic analysis, however, the sequence are most similar to specimens

of Scolopendridae in the Helix and Genbank reference datasets.

Coleoptera

Ten genetically distinct lineages of Coleoptera were detected at Robe Valley, differing from

one another by >13%, indicating that each represents a distinct species. Four of the ten

lineages (CCU004, CPT003, CST002 and CAN001) differed from the reference lineages by < 1%,

indicating that they represent species that have been detected previously. It is worth noting

that lineage CAN001 appears to be the introduced species Lasioderma serricorne, the

cigarette beetle, which is a worldwide pest of tobacco and grain crops. The possibility that this

species was a contaminant from field gear, vehicles, laboratories, etc, should be considered.

A fifth lineage (CCA012) differed from the nearest reference lineage (CCA001 from a previous

survey in the Robe Valley) by 3.7%, suggesting that it is likely to belong to that previously-

detected species, although further investigation may be required to resolve the relationship

between the two lineages.

The remaining five lineages differed from the reference lineages by >10% sequence

divergence, indicating that each is likely to represent a new species, which have so far not

been detected in the Pilbara, based on the material available for comparison. However, we

may have evidence to suggest taxonomic starting-points for these new lineages, based on

significant relationships to Pilbara and Genbank reference specimens. In particular, lineages

CCA013 and CCU007 appear to belong to the Carabidae and Curculionidae families,

respectively, which are both common in the Pilbara, and lineage CUN002 appears to belong to


5

the family Anthicidae, which has also been detected previously in the Pilbara, although we

have limited specimens in our sequence database. In contrast, lineages CUN001 and CUN003

show more distant relationships to Genbank specimens of Dermestidae and Corylophidae,

respectively. Both families are well-represented in Australia (Atlas of Living Australia).

Summary

Seventeen lineages from three taxonomic groups were detected at Robe Valley, as shown

below. The 17 lineages likely represent 17 species. Four or five of the species have been

detected previously in the Pilbara, The remaining species at Robe Valley are likely to be new,

based on the material available for comparison. One species of Coleoptera matched a

Genbank sequence of an introduced species, which is a world-wide pest of grain and tobacco

crops. The possibility that it was a contaminant from field gear, vehicles, laboratories, etc,

should be considered.

Symphyla

A single lineage was detected at Yandi, which differed from the reference specimens by >15%,

indicating that it is a new species, based on the material available for comparison.

Scutigerellidae (putative): SYM025 = one species

Scolopendridae: SYM026 = one species

Chilopoda

Five lineages were detected at Robe Valley, likely corresponding to five species. None of the


comparison.

Cryptopidae: CHI021, CHI022, CHI023 = three species

Scolopendridae (putative): CHI024, CHI025 = two species

Coleoptera

Ten lineages were detected in the present study, corresponding to ten distinct species. Two

species may belong to the Carabidae, two to the Curculionidae and one each to the

Staphylinidae, Ptillidae, Anthicidae and Aniobidae. The remaining two species could not be

placed into a family with confidence, however they showed significant relationships with

families that are well represented in Australia, namely the Dermestidae and Corylophidae. Five

species are likely to be new, based on the high genetic distances between them and the

reference material available for comparison, whereas the remaining five appear to have been

detected previously, although one species requires further investigation.

Carabidae: CCA012, CCA013 = two species

Curculiondiae: CCU004, CCU007 = two species

Anthicidae: CUN002 = one species

Ptillidae: CPT003 = one species

Staphylinidae: CST002 = one species

Aniobidae: CAN001 = one species (introduced)

Dermestide (putative): CUN001 = one species

Corylophidae (putative): CUN3 = one species

References







6



523-528



















doi:10.1093/nar/ 22.22.4673


7

Table 18. Specimens of Symphyla used in the present study and the lineage to which they were

assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data. Provenance is classified as either



SSp-2010-130 COBRC0030 H IV348 Failed

repeat

PCR


repeat

PCR

SSp-2010-198 COBRC0009 H IV350 NoAmp

SSp-2010-218 COBRC0010 H IV351 contam


repeat

PCR


repeat

PCR

SSp-2010-84 TOBRC0038 H IV354 SYM025

GR15MEB0003-20160317-T3-03 GR15MEB0003 P3 IV271 NoAmp

138524 MEARC4273 P 1/2 IV355 SYM026


in blue) between specimens of Symphyla detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages


Table 20. Specimens of Chilopoda used in the present study and the lineage to which they

were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data. Provenance is classified as

either historical (H), by phase (P) or as provided by the WAM (WAM); re=repeat.



repeat PCR

93283 TBRC038 H 93283 NoAmp

93287 TBRC036 H 93287 NoAmp

93778 TBRC141 H 93778 NoAmp

93780 KBRC096 H 93780 NoAmp

98714 UCRC055 H 98714 NoAmp

120191 H 120191 CHI021

132678 H 132678 CHI022

93779 TBRC029 H 93779 CHI024

RC14MEB0115-20160317-T2-02 RC14MEB0115 P3 IV231 CHI023

138572 DD14MEL0001 P1/2 re IV142 CHI025


in blue) between specimens of Chilopoda detected at Robe Valley and the reference lineages



8

Table 22. Specimens of Coleoptera used in the present study and the lineage to which they

were assigned, based on variation at the COXI gene. nd=no data. Provenance is classified as

either historical (H), by phase (P) or as provided by the WAM (WAM); re=repeat.

Specimen ID Drillhole ID Provenance Cap No. Helix ID Lineage

MEK1478P7T2-2 MEK1478 H 44 IV395 CCU007

MEK1478P7T2-2 MEK1478 H 44 IV396 CCU007

MEK1718P7T3-2 MEK1718 H 216 IV397 CCU007

MEK1718P7T3-2 MEK1718 H 216 IV398 CCU007

MEK1718P7T3-2 MEK1718 H 216 IV399 CCU007

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV400 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV401 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV402 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV403 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV404 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV405 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV406 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV407 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV408 CPT003

MEK1721P7T1-3 MEK1721 H 147 IV409 CPT003

K0968P7T3-3 K0968 H 100 IV410 CPT003

MEGRC0495P6T2-3 MEGRC0495 H 166 IV411 CUN003

MEGRC0495P6T2-3 MEGRC0495 H 166 IV412 CUN003

MEGRC0097P6T1-5 MEGRC0097 H 112/172? IV413 CUN003

MEARC2657P1T1-3 MEARC2657 H 133 IV414 CCU004

RC08SILV0683p3t1-1 RC08SILV0683 H 286 IV415 CCA013

D08BU075P1T1-4 D08BU075 H 14 black IV416 CUN001






E004FP3T1-4 E004F H 14 red IV422 CAN001

BUNW01114P1T2-3 BUNW01114 H 6 IV423 CUN002

RHRC013P1T3-3 RHRC013 H 19 IV424 CAN001

RC15MEB0107-20160317-T2-02 RC15MEB0107 P3 133 IV232 CCA012

RC15MEC0192-20160316-T2-03 RC15MEC0192 P3 197 IV233 CCU004



MEARC5093-20151001-T1-03 MEARC5093 P1/2 re 48 IV388 CUN003

MEARC5093-20151001-T2-02 MEARC5093 P1/2 re 51 IV389 CST002

DD14MEC0006T2-02 DD14MEC0006 P1/2 re 791 IV390 CST002





IV149 RC14MEB0068 P1/2 re Failed PCR IV149 CCU004


9


blue) between lineages of Coleoptera detected in the NJ analysis as shown in Figure 10.

Lineage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018

2 0.204 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.017

3 0.207 0.138 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

4 0.208 0.178 0.171 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.017

5 0.209 0.195 0.198 0.204 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.018

6 0.218 0.186 0.190 0.193 0.186 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.017

7 0.222 0.201 0.203 0.186 0.208 0.186 0.016 0.017 0.017

8 0.227 0.227 0.225 0.223 0.212 0.205 0.213 0.014 0.014

9 0.263 0.233 0.239 0.264 0.250 0.238 0.263 0.245 0.011

10 0.261 0.245 0.237 0.261 0.257 0.242 0.259 0.256 0.131

Table 24. Mean distance (D) and standard error (s.e.) within lineages of Coleoptera detected in





1 0.001 0.001 10 IV405

2 n/c n/c 1 IV232

3 n/c n/c 1 IV415

4 0.001 0.001 2 IV422

5 0.000 0.000 6 IV419

6 n/c n/c 1 IV423

7 0.003 0.001 6 IV392

8 0.006 0.002 4 IV413

9 0.013 0.003 4 IV234

10 0.001 0.001 5 IV395


in blue) between specimens of Coleoptera detected at Robe Valley and the reference



10

Figure 8. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Symphyla from the present study and





DQ222166 Scutigerina weberi Scutigeridae

KR705635 Scolopendra dawydoffi Scolopendridae

IV354 SSp 2010 84 Symphyella sp. B9

G121 Symphyla Upper S. Fortescue SYM015 0.61

KP696391 Scutigerellidae sp. FRL 2015

EO20 Scutigerella B09 EXR1462R Newman SYM006

EXR1356 Caramulla Creek SYM006 1.00

EO28 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 Newman SYM020

EO31 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 Newman SYM020 1.00

1.00

1.00

GH23 Hanseniella Han PES16403 SYM023

JIN0290 Hancock Range South SYM005 0.97

0.61

EJUNK02 Wheelarra Hill SYM007

PI059 Wheelarra Hill SYM003 1.00

LB069 Wheelarra Hill SYM004

1.00

G368 Symphyla sp MA LN8697 SYM017

0.53

G366 Symphyla sp OP LN9204 SYM016

0.98

J7 22 Wheelarra Hill SYM008

JD04 DD11YOX32020151124 T2 3 SYM001

0.91

0.93

0.60

EO23 Hanseniella sp. B19 EES0155 SYM021

EO24 Hanseniella sp. B19 EA0110RT SYM021

1.00

IS72 KBRC1475 20150708 T2 02 Symphyla SYM024

EO26 Hanseniella sp. B20 Now sp. EB0266R SYM022

0.61

0.99

AF370839 Hanseniella sp. Scutigerillidae

G42 Symphyla SYM010

G44 Symphyla SYM011

G45 Symphyla SYM012

1.00

G46 Symphyla SYM013

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

IV355 138524 Symphyla SYM026

G43 Symphyla Yeelirrie Station SYM014

0.61

MUDUNK0 J14 4 S Boundary River sp B4 SYM009

EF576853 Symphylella sp. YG 2006 Scolopendrellidae

G494 111138b Symphyla Turner River SYM018

1.00

1.00

EXR0425 Newman SYM002

1.00

1.00

0.1

SYM025


11

Figure 9. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Chilopoda from the present study.




EF624055 Metaperipatus inae

NC014273 Opisthopatus cinctipes

120191 Chilopoda Cryptopidae CHI021

G124 Cryptops Upper South Fortescue CHI004 0.67

IV231 RC14MEB0115 20160317 T2 02 CHI023

0.99

BQ12 PES 5087 Cryptops won1 CHI007

G349 Cryptopidae sp MJ LN9808 CHI005 0.94

DF14 9703 Cryptopidae sp. CHI016

0.51

0.54

FH15 nr Cryptops sp B34 DL0414 CHI018

CQ5 nr Cryptops sp. B11 PCRC088 CHI012

FH16 nr Cryptops sp B34 EW0769 CHI019 0.88

0.91

AB610777 Cryptops japonicus

IV143 MEARC4383 20151001 T2 01 CHI002 1.00

0.83

CQ2 nr Cryptops sp. B15 CCWUNK05 CHI013

0.83

132678 Chilopoda Cryptopidae CHI022

JF273290 Cryptops pictus 1.00

BX11 PES 0968 Cryptops pilbara1 CHI011

EY5 Cryptops sp B35 CHI017 1.00

BX12 PES 3783 Cryptops pilbara2 CHI009

CQ6 Cryptops sp. B30 1106 13 EX13 CHI014 0.99

BX13 991 5262 Cryptops MH1 CHI010

BX8 PES 5889 Cryptops MH2 CHI010 1.00

CQ3 Cryptops sp. B32 CC1798 CHI015

1.00

0.54

BX9 PES 5272 Cryptops MH2 CHI008

0.59

0.98

1.00

AK10 PE111022 Cryptopidae DC10 CHI006

1.00

1.00

AB610774 Mecistocephalus multidentatus

IS87 KBRC136220150911T2 03 Geophilida sp CHI020 1.00

IV139 DD14MRR0004T1 01 CHI001

IV140 DD14MRR0004T1 01 CHI001 1.00

IV141 DD14MRR0005 T1 04 CHI001

1.00

1.00

JN306685 Geophilus flavus

KR736251 Stenotaenia linearis 1.00

KF569297 Gnathoribautia bonensis

1.00

1.00

1.00

AB614405 Scolopendra multidens

0.99

IV142 138572 Chilopoda CHI025

0.99

G123 Cryptops Upper South Fortescue CHI003

0.99

KF676531 Cormocephalus hartmeyeri Scolopendridae

0.63

93779 Chilopoda Cryptopidae sp. CHI024

1.00

0.1

Geophilomorpha

Cryptopidae

Scolopendridae?


12

Figure 10. Neighbour-joining analysis of specimens of Coleoptera from the present study.




IV408 MEK1721P7T1-3 Coleoptera

IV410 K0968P7T3-3 Coleoptera










Gp 1

Gp 2 IV232 RC15MEB0107-20160317-T2-02 Coleoptera

Gp 3 IV415 RC08SILV0683p3t1-1 Coleoptera

IV422 E004FP3T1-4 Coleoptera

IV424 RHRC013P1T3-3 Coleoptera Gp 4

IV416 D08BU075P1T1-4 Coleoptera






Gp 5

Gp 6 IV423 BUNW01114P1T2-3 Coleoptera

IV390 DD14MEC0006T2-02 Coleoptera

IV389 MEARC5093-20151001-T2-02 Coleoptera





Gp 7

IV388 MEARC5093-20151001-T1-03 Coleoptera

IV413 MEGRC0097P6T1-5 Coleoptera



Gp 8

IV233 RC15MEC0192-20160316-T2-03 Coleoptera


IV149 RC14MEB0068 Coleoptera


IV414 MEARC2657P1T1-3 Coleoptera

Gp 9






Gp 10

57

61

100

61 57

100

100

77 99

100

100

100

59

68

53

71

100

100 23

18

30

100

93

32

52

40

15

26

100

100

0.02


13

Figure 11. Bayesian analysis of COXI haplotypes of Coleoptera from the present study and

reference specimens from Genbank and previous surveys in the Pilbara. Numbers on major




001

EU909203 Lycorma delicatula GU671532 Hemiptera sp.

AX43 ID29P1T1 3 CST001

WAME89084 Staphylinidae sp. 1


1.00


1.00



1.00

1.00

1.00

IE25 CBRC122P3T2 3 CST002

IV392 DD14MEC0006T2 02 CST002 1.00

KP422158 Pselaphinae sp. NZAC Staphylinidae 0.92

JV04 RC15BS40051 20160608 T3 01B CST003 1.00

0.96

JV05 RC15BS4B0415 20160609 T2 01 CST004

1.00

BX6 PES 5290 Bembidion MH1 CCA008

BX7 PES 5285 Bembidion MH1 CCA008 1.00

G202 Anillini 100490 CCA004

G436 110879 Anillini sp CCA004 1.00

G122 Anillini CCA003 0.84

G203 Anillini 107877 CCA005 1.00

0.85

IE27 CWRC179P4T3 5 CCA010

IE28 CWRC274P4T3 5 CCA011 1.00

0.74

CA4 11 1461 Anillini sp. McP1 CCA009

G216 Coleoptera 109656 CCA006

IV151 MEARC3814 20150807 T1 02 CCA001

IV232 RC15MEB0107 20160317 T2 02 CCA012 1.00

0.98

LN6119 CA0021 CCA002

G437 110722 Anillini sp CCA007 0.95

0.52

1.00

IV415 RC08SILV0683p3t1 1 CCA013

KM447718 Harpalus tardus Carabidae 1.00

0.75

AX62 11DDH051P1T2 3 CUN001

IE15 BHRC122 20141216 T2 01 CPT002

IE17 BHRC058 20141215 T1 01 CPT003

IV405 MEK1721P7T1 3 CPT003 0.98

KU519734 WAME89168 Ptiliidae sp. 1 1.00

1.00

IV147 DD14MRR0004T1 03 CPT002

1.00

IV422 E004FP3T1 4 CAN001

KJ680546 Lasioderma serricorne Aniobidae 1.00

JN171062 Bembidion lugubre Carabidae 0.98

JV03 RC15BS40051 20160608 T3 01A Coleoptera 0.68

0.65

0.97

IV419 D08BU075P1T1 4 CUN001

KM578824 Dermestes frischii Dermestidae 1.00

0.96

FH1 Curculionidae Genus2 B15 EW0540 CCU003

WAME89155 1.00

G114 Curculionidae CCU001 1.00

GU213687 Echinodera ibleiensis Curculionidae

IV150 RC14MEB0060 20151001 T2 02 CCU004

IV234 RC15MEC0192 20160316 T3 03 CCU004 1.00

IV152 MEARC4400 t1 01 CCU005

WAME89188 Curculionidae sp. 8 1.00

KU519717 WAME89186 Curculionidae sp. 8 1.00

1.00

IV395 MEK1478P7T2 2 CCU007

1.00

0.99

HE615891 Trigonopterus sp. Curculionidae

WAME89176 Curculionidae sp. 5 0.99

0.91

0.66

G115 Curculionidae CCU002

1.00

0.93

IV153 MEARC4400 t1 01 CAN003

KJ962132 Stricticollis tobias Anthicidae 1.00

KM439906 Anthicus flavipes Anthicidae 0.54

IV423 BUNW01114P1T2 3 CUN002

1.00

1.00

IE19 BHRC218 20141216 T2 01

0.99

IE30 MEBRC0021 0712 T1 2 Latridiidae?

JV01 GR14BS40032 20160608 T1 01 Latridiidae? 1.00

JV02 RC11BS3045 20160609 T1 01 Coleoptera

1.00

IV413 MEGRC0097P6T1 5 CUN003

KM439290 Orthoperus nigrescens Corylophidae 1.00

0.97

1.00

0.1

Curculionidae

Staphylinidae

Carabidae

Ptillidae

Aniobidae

Dermestidae

Anthicidae

Corylophidae


Lineage IV35

4

IV35

5

Ha

n-s

p.

Sym

-sp

.

Scu

-sp

.

EJU

NK0

2

EO20

EO23

EO24

EO26

EO28

EO31

EXR

0425

EXR

1356

G12

1

G36

6

G36

8

G42

G43

G44

G45

G46

G49

4

GH

23

IS72

IV354 SSp-2010-84 Symphyella sp. B9 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.013 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.012IV355 138524 Symphyla 0.224 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.015 0.017 0.016AF370839 Hanseniella Scutigerillidae 0.221 0.262 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.013EF576853 Symphylella sp. YG-2006 0.250 0.194 0.281 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.016 0.014KP696391 Scutigerellidae sp. FRL-2015 0.204 0.270 0.220 0.264 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.014 0.013EJUNK02 BHP1154 Jimblebar E 0.186 0.256 0.209 0.284 0.215 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.015EO20 Hanseniella sp. B04 NOW scutigerella B09 EXR1462R 0.163 0.247 0.226 0.253 0.195 0.192 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.003 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.013 0.014EO23 Hanseniella sp. B19 EES0155 0.176 0.217 0.223 0.252 0.211 0.197 0.181 0.006 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.014EO24 Hanseniella sp. B19 EA0110RT 0.185 0.216 0.218 0.249 0.216 0.194 0.183 0.027 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.015EO26 Hanseniella sp. B20 Now sp. EB0266R 0.194 0.225 0.240 0.263 0.229 0.228 0.181 0.173 0.168 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.014EO28 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 0.177 0.243 0.217 0.262 0.207 0.195 0.125 0.176 0.180 0.197 0.000 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.015EO31 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 0.177 0.243 0.217 0.262 0.207 0.195 0.125 0.176 0.180 0.197 0.000 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.015EXR0425 BHP1183 0.249 0.224 0.269 0.217 0.270 0.273 0.261 0.250 0.249 0.243 0.270 0.270 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.021 0.014 0.017 0.014EXR1356 BHP1222 Caramulla Creek 0.169 0.245 0.226 0.250 0.195 0.191 0.008 0.183 0.183 0.180 0.133 0.133 0.258 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.014G121 Symphyla 0.159 0.233 0.216 0.246 0.216 0.205 0.177 0.183 0.180 0.186 0.177 0.177 0.252 0.176 0.012 0.013 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.015G366 Symphyla sp OP LN9204 0.174 0.217 0.221 0.252 0.211 0.190 0.178 0.162 0.164 0.177 0.171 0.171 0.244 0.180 0.174 0.013 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.014G368 Symphyla sp MA LN8697 0.195 0.228 0.220 0.258 0.211 0.202 0.209 0.184 0.188 0.190 0.196 0.196 0.266 0.212 0.185 0.175 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.015G42 Symphyla 0.239 0.261 0.216 0.230 0.221 0.260 0.224 0.219 0.212 0.215 0.228 0.228 0.252 0.220 0.241 0.226 0.239 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.014G43 Symphyla 0.244 0.181 0.252 0.211 0.261 0.256 0.251 0.233 0.225 0.231 0.251 0.251 0.217 0.244 0.235 0.227 0.225 0.240 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.014 0.019 0.018G44 Symphyla 0.209 0.264 0.208 0.252 0.247 0.218 0.226 0.228 0.221 0.221 0.245 0.245 0.263 0.224 0.207 0.202 0.224 0.187 0.246 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016G45 Symphyla 0.218 0.253 0.200 0.267 0.238 0.236 0.222 0.213 0.206 0.219 0.231 0.231 0.288 0.224 0.215 0.206 0.220 0.182 0.268 0.118 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015G46 Symphyla 0.251 0.295 0.217 0.266 0.251 0.240 0.232 0.244 0.248 0.235 0.216 0.216 0.294 0.235 0.242 0.252 0.234 0.215 0.273 0.178 0.158 0.019 0.021 0.021G494 111138b Symphyla 0.281 0.223 0.273 0.194 0.282 0.282 0.271 0.256 0.253 0.256 0.271 0.271 0.258 0.269 0.265 0.260 0.280 0.240 0.200 0.257 0.275 0.269 0.015 0.014GH23 Hanseniella Han-PES16403 0.186 0.255 0.219 0.261 0.217 0.189 0.170 0.180 0.179 0.181 0.182 0.182 0.263 0.176 0.178 0.185 0.190 0.224 0.252 0.219 0.227 0.252 0.278 0.012IS72 KBRC1475 20150708 T2 02 Symphyla 0.150 0.234 0.221 0.252 0.208 0.205 0.170 0.168 0.163 0.179 0.187 0.187 0.250 0.177 0.197 0.196 0.217 0.207 0.257 0.229 0.210 0.241 0.277 0.181J7-22 Wheelarra Hill 0.173 0.215 0.241 0.258 0.198 0.202 0.191 0.162 0.165 0.170 0.185 0.185 0.241 0.191 0.171 0.169 0.185 0.254 0.238 0.232 0.223 0.274 0.287 0.175 0.197JD04 DD11YOX32020151124-T2-3 Symphyla 0.185 0.235 0.214 0.272 0.231 0.207 0.184 0.201 0.187 0.195 0.189 0.189 0.283 0.182 0.182 0.183 0.195 0.241 0.252 0.217 0.218 0.265 0.293 0.202 0.199JIN0290 BHP779 Hancock Range South 0.208 0.253 0.229 0.276 0.217 0.211 0.200 0.192 0.195 0.226 0.203 0.203 0.276 0.197 0.199 0.186 0.202 0.212 0.262 0.241 0.224 0.269 0.285 0.196 0.197LB069 BHP984 Hashimoto 0.196 0.265 0.199 0.288 0.219 0.029 0.193 0.193 0.192 0.235 0.201 0.201 0.270 0.192 0.209 0.184 0.201 0.258 0.260 0.228 0.240 0.244 0.277 0.194 0.199MUDUNK0 J14-4 S Boundary R sp B4 0.264 0.167 0.255 0.191 0.263 0.246 0.255 0.231 0.224 0.260 0.247 0.247 0.220 0.252 0.242 0.243 0.269 0.260 0.194 0.274 0.277 0.284 0.217 0.272 0.263PI059 BHP935 Hashimoto 0.185 0.256 0.209 0.284 0.214 0.002 0.191 0.195 0.195 0.228 0.194 0.194 0.273 0.189 0.203 0.189 0.200 0.260 0.256 0.218 0.236 0.240 0.282 0.189 0.2031. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.

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0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.0140.015 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.0150.015 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.0150.015 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0150.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.0140.015 0.015 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.0020.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0150.014 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.0160.015 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.0150.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.0150.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.0140.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.0140.015 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.0170.013 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0150.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.0140.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.0160.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.0150.018 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.0190.017 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.015 0.0200.018 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.0160.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.0150.022 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.0210.015 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.0170.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0150.015 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015

0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.0140.178 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.0150.205 0.222 0.014 0.015 0.0140.212 0.218 0.195 0.015 0.0060.250 0.254 0.275 0.244 0.0150.200 0.207 0.209 0.028 0.244

The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


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IV354 SSp-2010-84 Symphyella sp. B9 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.013 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014IV355 138524 Symphyla 0.224 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.015AF370839 Hanseniella Scutigerillidae 0.221 0.262 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.015EF576853 Symphylella sp. YG-2006 0.250 0.194 0.281 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015KP696391 Scutigerellidae sp. FRL-2015 0.204 0.270 0.220 0.264 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014EJUNK02 BHP1154 Jimblebar E 0.186 0.256 0.209 0.284 0.215 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.002EO20 Hanseniella sp. B04 NOW scutigerella B09 EXR1462R 0.163 0.247 0.226 0.253 0.195 0.192 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.003 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015EO23 Hanseniella sp. B19 EES0155 0.176 0.217 0.223 0.252 0.211 0.197 0.181 0.006 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.016EO24 Hanseniella sp. B19 EA0110RT 0.185 0.216 0.218 0.249 0.216 0.194 0.183 0.027 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015EO26 Hanseniella sp. B20 Now sp. EB0266R 0.194 0.225 0.240 0.263 0.229 0.228 0.181 0.173 0.168 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015EO28 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 0.177 0.243 0.217 0.262 0.207 0.195 0.125 0.176 0.180 0.197 0.000 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014EO31 Scutigerella sp. B06 EXR0641 0.177 0.243 0.217 0.262 0.207 0.195 0.125 0.176 0.180 0.197 0.000 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014EXR0425 BHP1183 0.249 0.224 0.269 0.217 0.270 0.273 0.261 0.250 0.249 0.243 0.270 0.270 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.021 0.014 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.017EXR1356 BHP1222 Caramulla Creek 0.169 0.245 0.226 0.250 0.195 0.191 0.008 0.183 0.183 0.180 0.133 0.133 0.258 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015G121 Symphyla 0.159 0.233 0.216 0.246 0.216 0.205 0.177 0.183 0.180 0.186 0.177 0.177 0.252 0.176 0.012 0.013 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.014G366 Symphyla sp OP LN9204 0.174 0.217 0.221 0.252 0.211 0.190 0.178 0.162 0.164 0.177 0.171 0.171 0.244 0.180 0.174 0.013 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016G368 Symphyla sp MA LN8697 0.195 0.228 0.220 0.258 0.211 0.202 0.209 0.184 0.188 0.190 0.196 0.196 0.266 0.212 0.185 0.175 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.015G42 Symphyla 0.239 0.261 0.216 0.230 0.221 0.260 0.224 0.219 0.212 0.215 0.228 0.228 0.252 0.220 0.241 0.226 0.239 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.019G43 Symphyla 0.244 0.181 0.252 0.211 0.261 0.256 0.251 0.233 0.225 0.231 0.251 0.251 0.217 0.244 0.235 0.227 0.225 0.240 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.015 0.020G44 Symphyla 0.209 0.264 0.208 0.252 0.247 0.218 0.226 0.228 0.221 0.221 0.245 0.245 0.263 0.224 0.207 0.202 0.224 0.187 0.246 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.016G45 Symphyla 0.218 0.253 0.200 0.267 0.238 0.236 0.222 0.213 0.206 0.219 0.231 0.231 0.288 0.224 0.215 0.206 0.220 0.182 0.268 0.118 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015G46 Symphyla 0.251 0.295 0.217 0.266 0.251 0.240 0.232 0.244 0.248 0.235 0.216 0.216 0.294 0.235 0.242 0.252 0.234 0.215 0.273 0.178 0.158 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.021G494 111138b Symphyla 0.281 0.223 0.273 0.194 0.282 0.282 0.271 0.256 0.253 0.256 0.271 0.271 0.258 0.269 0.265 0.260 0.280 0.240 0.200 0.257 0.275 0.269 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017GH23 Hanseniella Han-PES16403 0.186 0.255 0.219 0.261 0.217 0.189 0.170 0.180 0.179 0.181 0.182 0.182 0.263 0.176 0.178 0.185 0.190 0.224 0.252 0.219 0.227 0.252 0.278 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015IS72 KBRC1475 20150708 T2 02 Symphyla 0.150 0.234 0.221 0.252 0.208 0.205 0.170 0.168 0.163 0.179 0.187 0.187 0.250 0.177 0.197 0.196 0.217 0.207 0.257 0.229 0.210 0.241 0.277 0.181 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015J7-22 Wheelarra Hill 0.173 0.215 0.241 0.258 0.198 0.202 0.191 0.162 0.165 0.170 0.185 0.185 0.241 0.191 0.171 0.169 0.185 0.254 0.238 0.232 0.223 0.274 0.287 0.175 0.197 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014JD04 DD11YOX32020151124-T2-3 Symphyla 0.185 0.235 0.214 0.272 0.231 0.207 0.184 0.201 0.187 0.195 0.189 0.189 0.283 0.182 0.182 0.183 0.195 0.241 0.252 0.217 0.218 0.265 0.293 0.202 0.199 0.178 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015JIN0290 BHP779 Hancock Range South 0.208 0.253 0.229 0.276 0.217 0.211 0.200 0.192 0.195 0.226 0.203 0.203 0.276 0.197 0.199 0.186 0.202 0.212 0.262 0.241 0.224 0.269 0.285 0.196 0.197 0.205 0.222 0.014 0.015 0.014LB069 BHP984 Hashimoto 0.196 0.265 0.199 0.288 0.219 0.029 0.193 0.193 0.192 0.235 0.201 0.201 0.270 0.192 0.209 0.184 0.201 0.258 0.260 0.228 0.240 0.244 0.277 0.194 0.199 0.212 0.218 0.195 0.015 0.006MUDUNK0 J14-4 S Boundary R sp B4 0.264 0.167 0.255 0.191 0.263 0.246 0.255 0.231 0.224 0.260 0.247 0.247 0.220 0.252 0.242 0.243 0.269 0.260 0.194 0.274 0.277 0.284 0.217 0.272 0.263 0.250 0.254 0.275 0.244 0.015PI059 BHP935 Hashimoto 0.185 0.256 0.209 0.284 0.214 0.002 0.191 0.195 0.195 0.228 0.194 0.194 0.273 0.189 0.203 0.189 0.200 0.260 0.256 0.218 0.236 0.240 0.282 0.189 0.203 0.200 0.207 0.209 0.028 0.2441. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


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ic

120191_Chilopoda_Cryptopidae 0.022 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.024 0.027 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.024132678_Chilopoda_Cryptopidae 0.235 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.027 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.024 0.020 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.026 0.030 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.024 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.02293779_Chilopoda_Cryptopidae_sp. 0.256 0.270 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.019IV142_138572_Chilopoda 0.305 0.284 0.211 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.023IV231_RC14MEB0115-20160317-T2-02_Chilopoda 0.200 0.232 0.263 0.248 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018AB610774_Mecistocephalus_multidentatus 0.227 0.262 0.258 0.254 0.220 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.020AB610777_Cryptops_japonicus 0.205 0.222 0.234 0.244 0.163 0.216 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.016AB614405_Scolopendra_multidens 0.270 0.277 0.196 0.183 0.240 0.216 0.234 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.021AK10_PE111022_Cryptop_DC10 0.224 0.200 0.236 0.270 0.219 0.250 0.192 0.223 0.018 0.016 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019BQ12_PES_5087_Cryptops_won1 0.192 0.210 0.244 0.238 0.185 0.226 0.184 0.245 0.198 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018BX11_PES-0968_Cryptops_pilbara1 0.226 0.198 0.281 0.266 0.226 0.240 0.209 0.242 0.194 0.213 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.009 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.019BX12_PES-3783_Cryptops_pilbara2 0.233 0.209 0.263 0.259 0.225 0.229 0.211 0.258 0.219 0.233 0.169 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.018BX13_991-5262_Cryptops_MH1 0.226 0.221 0.270 0.273 0.214 0.246 0.211 0.254 0.218 0.236 0.201 0.184 0.003 0.017 0.020 0.013 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.020BX8_PES-5889_Cryptops_MH2 0.226 0.221 0.269 0.272 0.214 0.248 0.211 0.252 0.215 0.233 0.201 0.181 0.006 0.016 0.020 0.013 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.019BX9_PES-5272_Cryptops_MH2 0.225 0.210 0.278 0.269 0.196 0.247 0.199 0.252 0.208 0.218 0.173 0.186 0.175 0.175 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.019 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.017CQ2_nr_Cryptops_sp._B15_CCWUNK05 0.219 0.228 0.250 0.235 0.201 0.228 0.199 0.243 0.207 0.192 0.210 0.194 0.228 0.222 0.228 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.019CQ3_Cryptops_sp._B32_CC1798 0.236 0.207 0.256 0.265 0.207 0.229 0.195 0.243 0.211 0.198 0.193 0.174 0.127 0.124 0.171 0.197 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.017CQ5_nr_Cryptops_sp._B11_PCRC088 0.206 0.239 0.222 0.269 0.169 0.236 0.157 0.231 0.204 0.194 0.209 0.218 0.220 0.225 0.229 0.185 0.205 0.018 0.016 0.021 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.017CQ6_Cryptops_sp._B30_1106_13_EX13 0.233 0.214 0.252 0.265 0.209 0.246 0.199 0.245 0.193 0.220 0.178 0.153 0.178 0.175 0.167 0.204 0.164 0.205 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.024 0.020 0.020 0.018DF14_9703_Cryptopidae_sp. 0.180 0.246 0.242 0.245 0.178 0.214 0.196 0.243 0.204 0.161 0.225 0.218 0.229 0.229 0.216 0.175 0.190 0.172 0.205 0.019 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018EY5_Cryptops_sp_B35 0.228 0.200 0.287 0.266 0.225 0.241 0.197 0.241 0.197 0.225 0.062 0.157 0.213 0.210 0.150 0.208 0.180 0.218 0.176 0.224 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.019FH15_nr_Cryptops_sp_B34_DL0414 0.206 0.239 0.253 0.243 0.178 0.236 0.175 0.234 0.180 0.178 0.220 0.231 0.226 0.229 0.224 0.195 0.204 0.164 0.214 0.166 0.222 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.017FH16_nr_Cryptops_sp_B34_EW0769 0.202 0.257 0.227 0.243 0.174 0.235 0.190 0.213 0.186 0.192 0.206 0.231 0.228 0.228 0.222 0.187 0.212 0.145 0.237 0.177 0.205 0.168 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.020G123_Cryptops_Upper_South_Fortescue 0.262 0.256 0.173 0.177 0.241 0.246 0.217 0.189 0.222 0.237 0.242 0.236 0.257 0.254 0.250 0.236 0.248 0.230 0.213 0.214 0.261 0.232 0.219 0.019 0.019 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.021G124_Cryptops_Upper_South_Fortescue 0.169 0.249 0.249 0.248 0.173 0.236 0.189 0.236 0.220 0.170 0.227 0.236 0.228 0.231 0.225 0.209 0.220 0.182 0.221 0.168 0.225 0.180 0.179 0.241 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.019G349_Cryptopidae_sp_MJ_LN9808 0.182 0.242 0.221 0.251 0.183 0.243 0.185 0.235 0.203 0.158 0.220 0.239 0.231 0.228 0.223 0.192 0.195 0.182 0.217 0.165 0.227 0.184 0.158 0.226 0.166 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.018IS87_KBRC136220150911T2_03_Geophilida_sp 0.252 0.246 0.256 0.242 0.231 0.188 0.219 0.240 0.239 0.225 0.230 0.231 0.248 0.248 0.231 0.225 0.229 0.225 0.244 0.219 0.229 0.208 0.240 0.239 0.236 0.219 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019IV139_DD14MRR0004T1-01_Chilopoda 0.236 0.258 0.256 0.235 0.229 0.191 0.219 0.211 0.252 0.232 0.250 0.234 0.237 0.239 0.232 0.246 0.227 0.236 0.227 0.225 0.241 0.232 0.239 0.235 0.242 0.240 0.227 0.000 0.002 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.020IV140_DD14MRR0004T1-01_Chilopoda 0.236 0.258 0.256 0.235 0.229 0.191 0.219 0.211 0.252 0.232 0.250 0.234 0.237 0.239 0.232 0.246 0.227 0.236 0.227 0.225 0.241 0.232 0.239 0.235 0.242 0.240 0.227 0.000 0.002 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.020IV141_DD14MRR0005-T1-04_Chilopoda 0.234 0.258 0.255 0.235 0.229 0.190 0.217 0.208 0.251 0.232 0.246 0.233 0.237 0.239 0.229 0.246 0.227 0.233 0.228 0.225 0.238 0.231 0.235 0.232 0.241 0.240 0.225 0.003 0.003 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.020 0.020IV143_MEARC4383-20151001-T2-01_Chilopoda 0.215 0.237 0.224 0.258 0.195 0.229 0.175 0.223 0.211 0.215 0.227 0.209 0.230 0.225 0.204 0.198 0.220 0.180 0.220 0.193 0.202 0.186 0.187 0.234 0.204 0.211 0.219 0.230 0.230 0.228 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.019JN306685_Geophilus_flavus 0.274 0.262 0.264 0.222 0.264 0.217 0.249 0.234 0.245 0.237 0.243 0.260 0.271 0.272 0.271 0.240 0.246 0.257 0.264 0.254 0.236 0.239 0.260 0.243 0.265 0.245 0.231 0.223 0.223 0.220 0.281 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.020KF569297_Gnathoribautia_bonensis 0.249 0.261 0.246 0.252 0.223 0.202 0.197 0.226 0.229 0.227 0.241 0.249 0.260 0.262 0.255 0.238 0.246 0.233 0.255 0.220 0.249 0.251 0.211 0.223 0.232 0.224 0.239 0.206 0.206 0.206 0.235 0.194 0.019 0.020 0.023KF676531_Cormocephalus_hartmeyeri_Scolopendridae 0.277 0.263 0.164 0.195 0.231 0.237 0.219 0.187 0.216 0.239 0.250 0.252 0.261 0.256 0.263 0.229 0.243 0.232 0.228 0.250 0.271 0.239 0.215 0.148 0.244 0.220 0.258 0.229 0.229 0.227 0.234 0.253 0.225 0.018 0.018KR736251_Stenotaenia_linearis 0.298 0.298 0.275 0.268 0.278 0.240 0.271 0.260 0.272 0.262 0.268 0.260 0.271 0.272 0.266 0.283 0.254 0.272 0.271 0.267 0.268 0.272 0.262 0.267 0.271 0.280 0.264 0.245 0.245 0.243 0.271 0.196 0.216 0.261 0.020JF273290_Cryptops_pictus 0.229 0.190 0.277 0.302 0.206 0.246 0.211 0.274 0.218 0.217 0.212 0.199 0.210 0.207 0.196 0.209 0.199 0.215 0.196 0.228 0.190 0.214 0.223 0.269 0.225 0.223 0.245 0.234 0.234 0.231 0.221 0.272 0.267 0.256 0.2741. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.


Lineage IV23

2

IV23

4

IV39

2

IV39

5

IV40

5

IV41

3

IV41

5

IV41

9

IV42

2

IV42

3

AX

43

AX

62

BX6

BX7

CA

4

FH1

G20

2

G20

3

G21

6

Eib

l

Trig

-sp

Oo

ris

IE15

IE17

IE19

IE25

IE27

IE28

IE30

IV14

7

IV15

0

IV15

1

IV15

2

IV15

3

JV01

JV02

JV03

JV04

JV05

Nvi

ol

Sto

b

LN61

19

WA

ME8

9084

WA

ME8

9085

WA

ME8

9094

WA

ME8

9101

WA

ME8

9111

WA

ME8

9155

WA

ME8

9168

WA

ME8

9176

WA

ME8

9186

WA

ME8

9188

G11

4

G11

5

G12

2

G43

6

G43

7

Ptil-

sp

Blu

g

Hta

r

Lse

r

Dfr

is

Afla

v

KP42

2158

On

ig

Cu

-sp

. 8

IV232 RC15MEB0107-20160317-T2-02 Coleoptera 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.017 0.012 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.019 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.007 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.015 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014IV234 RC15MEC0192-20160316-T3-03 Coleoptera 0.232 0.017 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.024 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.000 0.015 0.007 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.025 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.006 0.007 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.014 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.006IV392 DD14MEC0006T2-02 Coleoptera 0.201 0.263 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.002 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.018IV395 MEK1478P7T2-2 Coleoptera 0.246 0.129 0.260 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.015 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.023 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.013 0.018 0.013 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.013IV405 MEK1721P7T1-3 Coleoptera 0.204 0.262 0.222 0.262 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.007 0.002 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.005 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.005 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014IV413 MEGRC0097P6T1-5 Coleoptera 0.226 0.246 0.213 0.256 0.226 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014IV415 RC08SILV0683p3t1-1 Coleoptera 0.138 0.237 0.203 0.237 0.207 0.225 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.013 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.015IV419 D08BU075P1T1-4 Coleoptera 0.194 0.249 0.207 0.256 0.207 0.210 0.197 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.021 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016IV422 E004FP3T1-4 Coleoptera 0.179 0.263 0.186 0.262 0.209 0.223 0.172 0.204 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.019 0.019 0.013 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.019 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.002 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.015IV423 BUNW01114P1T2-3 Coleoptera 0.186 0.238 0.185 0.243 0.217 0.204 0.190 0.185 0.194 0.015 0.015 0.023 0.022 0.016 0.014 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.015AX43 ID29P1T1-3 Coleoptera 0.191 0.248 0.159 0.237 0.221 0.220 0.198 0.215 0.206 0.196 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.014 0.015 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015AX62 11DDH051P1T2-3 Coleoptera 0.179 0.238 0.178 0.234 0.198 0.217 0.176 0.169 0.160 0.180 0.177 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.019 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.017 0.021 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.017BX6 PES-5290 Bembidion MH1 CaK Carabidae 0.194 0.302 0.233 0.300 0.221 0.212 0.205 0.235 0.221 0.224 0.233 0.209 0.007 0.017 0.020 0.017 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.020 0.023BX7 PES-5285 Bembidion MH1 CaK Carabidae 0.177 0.297 0.219 0.295 0.212 0.219 0.194 0.233 0.217 0.233 0.224 0.209 0.031 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.024 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.022 0.020 0.021CA4 11:1461 Anillini sp. McP1 0.130 0.243 0.186 0.244 0.197 0.226 0.142 0.179 0.178 0.198 0.174 0.165 0.164 0.162 0.016 0.019 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.013 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.017FH1 Curculionidae Genus2 B15 EW0540 0.235 0.234 0.225 0.237 0.247 0.232 0.225 0.232 0.231 0.229 0.221 0.212 0.262 0.255 0.224 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.021 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.022 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016G202 Anillini 100490 0.177 0.283 0.237 0.293 0.221 0.230 0.189 0.221 0.175 0.237 0.219 0.189 0.135 0.140 0.153 0.261 0.010 0.017 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.011 0.010 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.021G203 Anillini 107877 0.169 0.279 0.207 0.292 0.213 0.211 0.175 0.220 0.173 0.216 0.199 0.182 0.114 0.110 0.134 0.255 0.050 0.016 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.016 0.010 0.009 0.015 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.021G216 Coleoptera 109656 0.130 0.261 0.211 0.254 0.196 0.252 0.146 0.213 0.207 0.218 0.196 0.189 0.185 0.171 0.163 0.251 0.171 0.157 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.021GU213687 Echinodera ibleiensis Curculionidae 0.228 0.190 0.236 0.213 0.255 0.251 0.229 0.245 0.220 0.229 0.227 0.233 0.284 0.284 0.234 0.219 0.257 0.265 0.244 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.021 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.017 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.013 0.017 0.018 0.015HE615891 Trigonopterus sp. Curculionidae 0.215 0.196 0.237 0.224 0.236 0.254 0.224 0.239 0.224 0.225 0.235 0.245 0.298 0.284 0.239 0.205 0.283 0.274 0.260 0.198 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.023 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015HQ953104 Orthospila orissusalis Crambidae 0.191 0.260 0.181 0.272 0.202 0.217 0.179 0.210 0.187 0.187 0.194 0.170 0.222 0.213 0.170 0.214 0.218 0.194 0.187 0.239 0.237 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016IE15 BHRC122-20141216-T2-01 0.201 0.257 0.226 0.266 0.030 0.229 0.203 0.204 0.200 0.219 0.226 0.192 0.225 0.216 0.196 0.246 0.221 0.213 0.204 0.251 0.244 0.196 0.007 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.007 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.007 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015IE17 BHRC058-20141215-T1-01 0.203 0.260 0.220 0.260 0.001 0.228 0.206 0.206 0.207 0.216 0.217 0.195 0.220 0.211 0.196 0.245 0.221 0.215 0.197 0.254 0.234 0.201 0.028 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.005 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.005 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014IE19 BHRC218-20141216-T2-01 0.180 0.241 0.209 0.231 0.241 0.211 0.200 0.209 0.195 0.170 0.203 0.190 0.229 0.232 0.212 0.229 0.213 0.208 0.213 0.224 0.216 0.207 0.240 0.239 0.021 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.021 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.015 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015IE25 CBRC122P3T2-3 0.214 0.306 0.002 0.301 0.234 0.224 0.210 0.248 0.205 0.207 0.165 0.200 0.241 0.227 0.190 0.243 0.236 0.219 0.219 0.248 0.253 0.195 0.236 0.234 0.236 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.024 0.018 0.024 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.024IE27 CWRC179P4T3-5 0.133 0.259 0.210 0.256 0.214 0.212 0.156 0.238 0.173 0.197 0.213 0.172 0.151 0.151 0.160 0.238 0.173 0.145 0.179 0.245 0.230 0.190 0.213 0.214 0.184 0.236 0.007 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.023 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014IE28 CWRC274P4T3-5 0.135 0.266 0.202 0.261 0.208 0.207 0.154 0.229 0.174 0.190 0.201 0.174 0.152 0.142 0.152 0.236 0.176 0.143 0.162 0.243 0.233 0.186 0.208 0.207 0.192 0.223 0.037 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.011 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.011 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015IE30 MEBRC0021-0712-T1-2 0.217 0.281 0.223 0.293 0.244 0.182 0.213 0.203 0.207 0.197 0.233 0.218 0.234 0.220 0.205 0.239 0.235 0.217 0.264 0.255 0.271 0.220 0.234 0.242 0.223 0.239 0.226 0.233 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.006 0.009 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.016 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.017IV147 DD14MRR0004T1-03 Coleoptera 0.206 0.260 0.204 0.265 0.161 0.226 0.203 0.209 0.216 0.201 0.238 0.201 0.222 0.225 0.212 0.236 0.223 0.217 0.224 0.252 0.250 0.166 0.163 0.161 0.226 0.207 0.226 0.235 0.240 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.021 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.021 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.019 0.016IV150 RC14MEB0060-20151001-T2-02 Coleoptera 0.232 0.000 0.263 0.129 0.262 0.246 0.237 0.249 0.263 0.238 0.245 0.236 0.300 0.296 0.240 0.231 0.283 0.280 0.262 0.190 0.196 0.260 0.255 0.258 0.240 0.306 0.260 0.266 0.278 0.258 0.015 0.007 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.025 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.006 0.007 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.014 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.006IV151 MEARC3814-20150807-T1-02 Coleoptera 0.037 0.237 0.186 0.235 0.195 0.210 0.124 0.197 0.179 0.185 0.172 0.176 0.197 0.186 0.119 0.225 0.177 0.163 0.141 0.223 0.215 0.179 0.190 0.192 0.185 0.200 0.130 0.120 0.211 0.198 0.234 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.014 0.018 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015IV152 MEARC4400-t1-01 Coleoptera 0.229 0.033 0.269 0.135 0.266 0.256 0.244 0.251 0.274 0.238 0.248 0.234 0.310 0.303 0.242 0.234 0.290 0.286 0.253 0.195 0.204 0.263 0.259 0.262 0.248 0.308 0.267 0.274 0.283 0.271 0.032 0.234 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.005 0.001 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.014 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.005IV153 MEARC4400-t1-01 Coleoptera 0.192 0.241 0.200 0.244 0.216 0.201 0.191 0.194 0.185 0.146 0.216 0.184 0.222 0.216 0.196 0.234 0.209 0.192 0.208 0.222 0.216 0.222 0.217 0.212 0.185 0.222 0.195 0.204 0.206 0.211 0.239 0.198 0.236 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.004 0.019 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.015JV01 GR14BS40032-20160608-T1-01 Coleoptera 0.216 0.283 0.226 0.293 0.249 0.185 0.212 0.210 0.210 0.194 0.235 0.219 0.226 0.224 0.192 0.243 0.235 0.216 0.265 0.254 0.269 0.228 0.240 0.246 0.220 0.243 0.224 0.235 0.026 0.239 0.280 0.208 0.284 0.212 0.008 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.017JV02 RC11BS3045-20160609-T1-01 Coleoptera 0.212 0.283 0.215 0.284 0.240 0.201 0.209 0.202 0.204 0.186 0.222 0.206 0.224 0.227 0.187 0.236 0.233 0.219 0.250 0.257 0.249 0.207 0.241 0.239 0.211 0.231 0.203 0.219 0.060 0.233 0.282 0.205 0.276 0.198 0.058 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.017JV03 RC15BS40051-20160608-T3-01A Coleoptera 0.173 0.231 0.182 0.238 0.192 0.197 0.144 0.192 0.155 0.209 0.189 0.156 0.183 0.174 0.128 0.222 0.170 0.160 0.183 0.217 0.231 0.152 0.186 0.189 0.215 0.186 0.163 0.163 0.211 0.193 0.228 0.160 0.236 0.204 0.204 0.198 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.011 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015JV04 RC15BS40051-20160608-T3-01B Coleoptera 0.201 0.262 0.148 0.265 0.204 0.206 0.170 0.220 0.186 0.182 0.171 0.191 0.200 0.196 0.201 0.236 0.223 0.193 0.206 0.239 0.231 0.195 0.204 0.201 0.212 0.152 0.194 0.199 0.217 0.193 0.259 0.192 0.266 0.184 0.222 0.214 0.194 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.022 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.017JV05 RC15BS4B0415-20160609-T2-01 Coleoptera 0.194 0.225 0.149 0.241 0.223 0.213 0.170 0.209 0.198 0.210 0.170 0.179 0.219 0.221 0.175 0.220 0.228 0.189 0.183 0.249 0.231 0.167 0.221 0.220 0.198 0.171 0.198 0.191 0.242 0.214 0.223 0.176 0.225 0.217 0.241 0.220 0.171 0.172 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.023 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.022 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.016KJ961916 Necrobia violacea voucher ZMUO Cleridae 0.184 0.240 0.163 0.251 0.193 0.182 0.188 0.169 0.172 0.150 0.209 0.147 0.213 0.203 0.173 0.202 0.197 0.175 0.217 0.216 0.218 0.153 0.184 0.191 0.194 0.161 0.179 0.176 0.205 0.166 0.240 0.175 0.243 0.170 0.213 0.191 0.149 0.179 0.175 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.016KJ962132 Stricticollis tobias Anthicidae 0.198 0.249 0.204 0.254 0.225 0.204 0.196 0.198 0.191 0.146 0.221 0.190 0.225 0.222 0.202 0.243 0.211 0.194 0.214 0.223 0.218 0.220 0.228 0.223 0.188 0.219 0.193 0.204 0.210 0.219 0.249 0.205 0.246 0.009 0.216 0.196 0.210 0.190 0.222 0.166 0.019 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.015LN6119 CA0021 0.181 0.285 0.230 0.290 0.241 0.228 0.179 0.235 0.228 0.219 0.255 0.228 0.180 0.180 0.194 0.282 0.185 0.173 0.200 0.280 0.278 0.221 0.240 0.244 0.236 0.223 0.185 0.200 0.253 0.240 0.289 0.181 0.284 0.227 0.256 0.231 0.203 0.239 0.211 0.194 0.221 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.020 0.025WAME89084 0.225 0.248 0.181 0.258 0.245 0.237 0.207 0.240 0.217 0.223 0.175 0.205 0.236 0.234 0.219 0.217 0.237 0.242 0.219 0.236 0.231 0.191 0.243 0.243 0.218 0.164 0.231 0.232 0.233 0.217 0.248 0.222 0.251 0.222 0.236 0.228 0.208 0.187 0.184 0.205 0.220 0.248 0.007 0.004 0.010 0.010 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015WAME89085 0.220 0.254 0.179 0.264 0.248 0.245 0.205 0.233 0.214 0.222 0.168 0.210 0.234 0.222 0.213 0.222 0.235 0.233 0.221 0.240 0.236 0.196 0.243 0.246 0.218 0.159 0.237 0.237 0.223 0.225 0.254 0.219 0.257 0.226 0.225 0.225 0.196 0.179 0.187 0.202 0.225 0.251 0.043 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015WAME89094 0.220 0.246 0.179 0.255 0.237 0.236 0.199 0.239 0.217 0.222 0.168 0.199 0.234 0.232 0.214 0.223 0.233 0.237 0.212 0.240 0.230 0.188 0.239 0.236 0.213 0.166 0.222 0.223 0.231 0.222 0.246 0.213 0.249 0.225 0.236 0.227 0.204 0.182 0.181 0.201 0.223 0.246 0.012 0.050 0.010 0.010 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015WAME89101 0.211 0.248 0.161 0.251 0.252 0.229 0.193 0.216 0.208 0.210 0.157 0.204 0.248 0.251 0.210 0.223 0.233 0.221 0.205 0.239 0.234 0.207 0.248 0.251 0.210 0.145 0.222 0.218 0.225 0.228 0.248 0.204 0.249 0.225 0.226 0.223 0.211 0.182 0.184 0.196 0.223 0.246 0.087 0.087 0.087 0.006 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.023 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014WAME89111 0.217 0.249 0.169 0.249 0.252 0.236 0.190 0.214 0.208 0.210 0.157 0.199 0.251 0.248 0.214 0.219 0.235 0.228 0.210 0.246 0.234 0.204 0.251 0.251 0.212 0.152 0.226 0.223 0.228 0.219 0.249 0.208 0.251 0.223 0.233 0.223 0.205 0.172 0.187 0.190 0.222 0.235 0.085 0.084 0.082 0.029 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.015WAME89155 0.261 0.242 0.249 0.245 0.274 0.278 0.254 0.258 0.249 0.243 0.262 0.251 0.296 0.293 0.248 0.188 0.276 0.300 0.290 0.219 0.224 0.249 0.266 0.272 0.244 0.272 0.286 0.293 0.271 0.248 0.242 0.260 0.242 0.260 0.269 0.264 0.257 0.264 0.260 0.229 0.257 0.314 0.267 0.269 0.271 0.258 0.266 0.018 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.014WAME89168 0.213 0.272 0.231 0.272 0.012 0.237 0.217 0.219 0.213 0.225 0.232 0.205 0.222 0.217 0.204 0.254 0.223 0.219 0.205 0.251 0.242 0.202 0.030 0.014 0.244 0.234 0.216 0.211 0.251 0.166 0.272 0.204 0.277 0.229 0.249 0.246 0.199 0.214 0.231 0.195 0.233 0.244 0.242 0.243 0.240 0.254 0.257 0.271 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.000 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014WAME89176 0.245 0.242 0.271 0.234 0.251 0.263 0.239 0.246 0.260 0.240 0.274 0.269 0.291 0.281 0.263 0.229 0.266 0.270 0.251 0.208 0.215 0.257 0.245 0.249 0.237 0.284 0.258 0.253 0.275 0.237 0.242 0.236 0.237 0.249 0.281 0.268 0.248 0.243 0.252 0.243 0.246 0.253 0.257 0.267 0.252 0.260 0.255 0.240 0.251 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.016WAME89186 Curculionidae sp 8 0.240 0.029 0.274 0.140 0.274 0.255 0.249 0.251 0.277 0.246 0.258 0.243 0.319 0.314 0.252 0.242 0.281 0.286 0.263 0.193 0.207 0.260 0.272 0.272 0.253 0.308 0.264 0.268 0.290 0.277 0.029 0.245 0.021 0.252 0.289 0.285 0.240 0.275 0.234 0.242 0.251 0.289 0.255 0.260 0.254 0.248 0.249 0.240 0.277 0.237 0.005 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.000WAME89188 0.237 0.032 0.277 0.137 0.275 0.264 0.249 0.257 0.280 0.246 0.259 0.245 0.317 0.312 0.252 0.242 0.288 0.293 0.260 0.193 0.204 0.263 0.271 0.274 0.252 0.308 0.267 0.275 0.293 0.280 0.032 0.245 0.002 0.246 0.295 0.281 0.245 0.278 0.236 0.245 0.248 0.289 0.249 0.257 0.248 0.249 0.251 0.240 0.278 0.239 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.014 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.005G114 Curculionidae 0.284 0.251 0.263 0.276 0.261 0.284 0.251 0.281 0.284 0.243 0.262 0.243 0.284 0.291 0.273 0.205 0.296 0.299 0.286 0.223 0.235 0.246 0.261 0.261 0.258 0.265 0.291 0.294 0.289 0.261 0.251 0.284 0.261 0.253 0.289 0.276 0.278 0.258 0.266 0.266 0.246 0.253 0.266 0.266 0.266 0.284 0.273 0.225 0.266 0.246 0.261 0.258 0.019 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.021 0.021G115 Curculionidae 0.205 0.221 0.228 0.242 0.242 0.219 0.203 0.226 0.192 0.217 0.239 0.221 0.216 0.222 0.219 0.237 0.216 0.195 0.215 0.189 0.208 0.236 0.240 0.243 0.220 0.243 0.204 0.215 0.252 0.234 0.222 0.204 0.227 0.209 0.255 0.242 0.217 0.220 0.215 0.215 0.212 0.230 0.242 0.245 0.245 0.236 0.240 0.240 0.247 0.215 0.226 0.229 0.251 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.019 0.020G122 Anillini 0.172 0.267 0.215 0.292 0.224 0.208 0.186 0.219 0.181 0.229 0.218 0.201 0.150 0.145 0.151 0.251 0.058 0.047 0.176 0.259 0.264 0.199 0.219 0.226 0.217 0.227 0.153 0.153 0.221 0.221 0.269 0.172 0.280 0.208 0.230 0.235 0.169 0.208 0.205 0.176 0.208 0.183 0.243 0.231 0.238 0.218 0.225 0.280 0.234 0.264 0.273 0.285 0.311 0.212 0.011 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.019 0.020G436 110879 Anillini sp 0.171 0.271 0.212 0.286 0.222 0.212 0.171 0.214 0.169 0.218 0.203 0.183 0.127 0.127 0.142 0.246 0.041 0.044 0.168 0.249 0.269 0.203 0.221 0.221 0.204 0.224 0.162 0.167 0.213 0.211 0.270 0.172 0.272 0.198 0.216 0.217 0.157 0.204 0.197 0.181 0.201 0.193 0.240 0.229 0.236 0.218 0.216 0.269 0.231 0.251 0.275 0.277 0.296 0.202 0.061 0.016 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.020G437 110722 Anillini sp long 0.182 0.271 0.190 0.282 0.231 0.214 0.182 0.212 0.203 0.212 0.200 0.184 0.167 0.161 0.146 0.246 0.163 0.146 0.161 0.277 0.273 0.207 0.219 0.230 0.230 0.198 0.166 0.178 0.240 0.230 0.270 0.160 0.274 0.228 0.231 0.212 0.163 0.209 0.199 0.181 0.236 0.186 0.229 0.221 0.229 0.197 0.203 0.297 0.231 0.284 0.277 0.282 0.278 0.218 0.165 0.153 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.022KU519734 Ptiliidae sp. 1 Staphyliniforma 0.213 0.272 0.231 0.272 0.012 0.237 0.217 0.219 0.213 0.225 0.232 0.205 0.222 0.217 0.204 0.254 0.223 0.219 0.205 0.251 0.242 0.202 0.030 0.014 0.244 0.234 0.216 0.211 0.251 0.166 0.272 0.204 0.277 0.229 0.249 0.246 0.199 0.214 0.231 0.195 0.233 0.244 0.242 0.243 0.240 0.254 0.257 0.271 0.000 0.251 0.277 0.278 0.266 0.247 0.234 0.231 0.231 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014JN171062 Bembidion lugubre Carabidae 0.133 0.242 0.188 0.253 0.190 0.209 0.148 0.187 0.154 0.172 0.191 0.158 0.203 0.207 0.147 0.221 0.189 0.199 0.195 0.236 0.230 0.157 0.186 0.189 0.193 0.212 0.146 0.150 0.215 0.195 0.243 0.133 0.246 0.194 0.208 0.193 0.134 0.194 0.180 0.167 0.199 0.204 0.188 0.181 0.187 0.184 0.184 0.252 0.195 0.258 0.248 0.251 0.263 0.245 0.192 0.189 0.180 0.195 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.018KM447718 Harpalus tardus Carabidae 0.163 0.263 0.178 0.278 0.202 0.219 0.116 0.181 0.169 0.175 0.203 0.155 0.184 0.177 0.141 0.233 0.189 0.166 0.184 0.229 0.231 0.167 0.195 0.201 0.199 0.173 0.155 0.147 0.201 0.195 0.263 0.153 0.266 0.188 0.201 0.191 0.141 0.164 0.185 0.144 0.187 0.192 0.208 0.195 0.201 0.196 0.196 0.260 0.205 0.239 0.267 0.266 0.248 0.238 0.178 0.177 0.190 0.205 0.150 0.014 0.014 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.016KJ680546 Lasioderma serricorne Aniobidae 0.182 0.269 0.185 0.267 0.213 0.224 0.175 0.205 0.002 0.194 0.206 0.164 0.227 0.222 0.179 0.242 0.175 0.182 0.215 0.224 0.224 0.188 0.203 0.211 0.193 0.205 0.167 0.175 0.206 0.220 0.268 0.183 0.279 0.189 0.210 0.201 0.159 0.195 0.196 0.174 0.196 0.232 0.212 0.209 0.212 0.201 0.201 0.258 0.216 0.259 0.281 0.284 0.284 0.200 0.181 0.168 0.207 0.216 0.161 0.167 0.014 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.015KM578824 Dermestes frischii Dermestidae 0.155 0.235 0.181 0.250 0.204 0.198 0.170 0.156 0.174 0.166 0.199 0.175 0.204 0.206 0.166 0.215 0.204 0.181 0.206 0.220 0.201 0.178 0.203 0.202 0.177 0.200 0.185 0.182 0.214 0.193 0.234 0.151 0.236 0.162 0.211 0.208 0.172 0.185 0.181 0.150 0.166 0.204 0.217 0.201 0.217 0.207 0.210 0.252 0.210 0.242 0.243 0.243 0.263 0.195 0.182 0.187 0.209 0.210 0.170 0.152 0.173 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016KM439906 Anthicus flavipes Anthicidae 0.181 0.231 0.207 0.240 0.210 0.228 0.188 0.175 0.184 0.128 0.215 0.184 0.225 0.222 0.187 0.231 0.199 0.198 0.210 0.199 0.225 0.187 0.211 0.208 0.179 0.229 0.208 0.204 0.210 0.201 0.231 0.184 0.228 0.144 0.219 0.196 0.182 0.211 0.204 0.160 0.144 0.205 0.213 0.210 0.213 0.211 0.204 0.243 0.208 0.229 0.229 0.229 0.261 0.196 0.208 0.192 0.218 0.208 0.176 0.191 0.183 0.169 0.017 0.016 0.014KP422158 Pselaphinae sp. NZAC Staphylinidae 0.214 0.248 0.132 0.269 0.246 0.229 0.185 0.220 0.195 0.214 0.163 0.185 0.241 0.234 0.211 0.245 0.233 0.210 0.217 0.237 0.230 0.204 0.240 0.245 0.224 0.128 0.210 0.204 0.237 0.228 0.248 0.208 0.254 0.220 0.239 0.232 0.182 0.160 0.178 0.179 0.219 0.235 0.202 0.188 0.196 0.175 0.172 0.255 0.249 0.277 0.252 0.254 0.289 0.247 0.213 0.210 0.229 0.249 0.190 0.181 0.197 0.210 0.220 0.014 0.016KM439290 Orthoperus nigrescens Corylophidae 0.193 0.266 0.202 0.251 0.242 0.163 0.198 0.216 0.207 0.187 0.200 0.177 0.223 0.223 0.183 0.240 0.207 0.199 0.206 0.260 0.250 0.193 0.237 0.240 0.201 0.210 0.186 0.184 0.187 0.248 0.266 0.189 0.271 0.207 0.187 0.195 0.195 0.204 0.186 0.186 0.205 0.219 0.234 0.227 0.228 0.213 0.219 0.262 0.245 0.253 0.268 0.271 0.256 0.225 0.209 0.199 0.199 0.245 0.198 0.186 0.203 0.204 0.218 0.216 0.015KU519717 Curculionidae sp. 8 0.240 0.029 0.274 0.140 0.274 0.255 0.249 0.251 0.277 0.246 0.258 0.243 0.319 0.314 0.252 0.242 0.281 0.286 0.263 0.193 0.207 0.260 0.272 0.272 0.253 0.308 0.264 0.268 0.290 0.277 0.029 0.245 0.021 0.252 0.289 0.285 0.240 0.275 0.234 0.242 0.251 0.289 0.255 0.260 0.254 0.248 0.249 0.240 0.277 0.237 0.000 0.021 0.261 0.226 0.273 0.275 0.277 0.277 0.248 0.267 0.281 0.243 0.229 0.252 0.2681. Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution30: 2725-2729.The number of base differences per site from between sequences are shown. Standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 495 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [1]. Disclaimer: Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the caption, the caption text is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind. Authors advise the user to carefully check the caption prior to its use for any purpose and report any errors or problems to the authors immediately (www.megasoftware.net). In no event shall the authors and their employers be liable for any damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, or other damages. Authors specifically disclaim all other warranties expressed or implied, including but not limited to the determination of suitability of this caption text for a specific purpose, use, or application.



Appendix 5

WAM Short-Range Endemic Categories Summary



This page has been left blank intentionally

Report by Western Australian Museum (WAMTS403)

5

APPENDIX 1. WAM SHORT-RANGE ENDEMIC CATEGORIES

Taxonomic Certainty Taxonomic Uncertainty

Distribution < 10 000km2

Confirmed SRE • A known distribution of < 10 000km2.

• The taxonomy is well known.

• The group is well represented in

collections and/ or via

comprehensive sampling.

Potential SRE • Patchy sampling has resulted in

incomplete knowledge of the

geographic distribution of the group.

• We have incomplete taxonomic

knowledge.

• The group is not well represented in

collections.

• This category is most applicable to

situations where there are gaps in

our knowledge of the taxon.

Sub-categories for this SRE designation

are outlined below

Distribution > 10 000km2 Widespread (not an SRE)

• A known distribution of > 10 000km2.

• The taxonomy is well known.

• The group is well represented in

collections and/ or via

comprehensive sampling.

SRE SUB-CATEGORIES If a taxon is determined to be a “Potential SRE”, the following sub-categories will further elucidate this status.

A. Data Deficient:

• There is insufficient data available to determine SRE status.

• Factors that fall under this category include:

- New species.

- Lack of geographic information.

- Lack of taxonomic information.

- The group may be poorly represented in collections.

- The individuals sampled (e.g. juveniles) may prevent identification to species level.

B. Habitat Indicators:

• It is becoming increasingly clear that habitat data can elucidate SRE status.

• Where habitat is known to be associated with SRE taxa and vice versa, it will be noted here.

C. Morphology Indicators:

• A suite of morphological characters are characteristic of SRE taxa.

• Where morphological characters are known to be associated with SRE taxa and vice-versa,

it will be noted here.

D. Molecular Evidence:

• If molecular work has been done on this taxon (or a close relative), it may reveal patterns

congruent or incongruent with SRE status.

E. Research & Expertise:

• Previous research and/ or WAM expertise elucidates taxon SRE status.

• This category takes into account the expert knowledge held within the WAM.

fiona

Text Box



Appendix 6

Desktop Review: Previous Studies and Comparison



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2006

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2012

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MW

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2014

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Bio

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2014

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Phase 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1

Area Surveyed Warramboo Warramboo Mesa A, G, H, J

Mesa A, B, C, F, G, K,

2402e, Todd Bore,

Warramboo

Mesa A, Warramboo

Mesa A

Mesa A

Mesa A

Dinner Camp, Congo

Bore

Mesa A and B

Mesa A and B

Tod Bore, Hubert Well,

Congo Bore,

Highway Deposit

Survey Timing 3 Jun' - 8 Aug' 2015

8 Aug' - 2 Oct' 2015

21 Nov' 2004 - 10 Jan' 2005

7 Apr' - 28 Jul' 2005

26 Jul' - 8 Sep' 2005

3 Jun' - 3

Aug' 2006

19 Dec'

2006 - 6 Feb' 2007

11 Apr' - 23 May 2007

22 Sep' – 18 Nov'

2010

23 May - 20 Jul' 2012

25 Jun' - 5 Sep'

2014

16 Oct' - 8 Dec' 2013

Rain data (mm)

Rain during Sampling 14.2 0 99.4 44 0 0 10.2 14.4 0 51.6 0 7.6

Rain 3 months preceding 254.8 28.4 1.8 627.4 48.4 191.4 23.8 76.2 26.8 47.4 110 1

Sites Sampled

Trapped 33 33 25 88 73 31 31 36 40 46 51 116

Number of traps 69 57 85 291 221 89 84 109 80 135 158 301

Scraped 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 50 65

Sites Overlapping current study area

Trapped (# traps) 33 33 3 (8) 4 (11) 19 (55) 0 17 (44) 17 (45) 40 3 (11) 4 (11) 116

Scraped 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 4 65

Collections

Araneae X X X X

Blattodea X X X X

Coleoptera X X X X X

Diplura X X X X X X X X X X

Geophilamorpha X

Isopoda X X X X X X



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MW

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2014

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Bio

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2014

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Phase 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1

Palpigradida X

Pauropoda X

Polydesmida X X X X X X X X

Pseudoscorpiones X X X X X X X X X X X

Schizomida X X X X X X X X X X

Scolopendromorpha X X X X X X X

Symphyla X X

Thysanura X X X X X X X X X X

Mesa A Hub: Warramboo Troglobitic Fauna Assessment · 2018-12-10 · fauna assessment to inform the...

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