MERS-CoV: the global epidemiology Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological...
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Transcript of MERS-CoV: the global epidemiology Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological...
MERS-CoV: the global epidemiology
Republic of LebanonMinistry of Public Health
Epidemiological Surveillance ProgramMay 2014
Sources
• WHO: www.who.int• CDC: www.cdc.gov• ECDC: www.ecdc.europa.eu• world map: http://coronamap.com/
Outline
• Total count• By time• By place• By person• Travel advice
Total count
• Since April 2012 to 08 May 2014– 536 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV– including 145 deaths
• To date, the affected countries – Middle East; Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (KSA), United
Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen – Africa: Egypt and Tunisia – Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy and the United Kingdom– Asia: Malaysia and Philippines – North America: the United States of America (USA).
• All of the cases recently reported outside the Middle East recently travelled from countries inside of the Middle East (KSA or UAE).
Source: WHO
Time: Epidemic CurvesConfirmed cases by country of presumed exposure
Source: WHO
Time: Epidemic Curves
Confirmed cases by outcome
Source: WHO
Epidemic Curve by Case-Type (Primary vs. Secondary)
Time: Epidemic Curves
Source: WHO
Place: of onset (up to 16May 2014)
Source: ECDC
Place: of onset (up to 16May 2014)
Source: ECDC
Cases by country of probable exposure
Place: place of exposure
Source: WHO
Place: place of exposure
Source: WHO
Place: place of exposure
Source: ECDC
Person
• Gender: 66% of cases are male
• Median age is 49 years old (range 9 months-94 years old)
• Primary < secondary cases
Person
Source: ECDC
Characteristics of primary vs secondary cases*
Characteristic Primary Cases
Secondary Cases
n 98 204Median age in years (range) 57.5 (2-90) 39 (9m-94)
% of male cases 80% (78/97) 56% (111/198)
% of cases with ≥1 underlying condition reported 84% (74/88) 69% (66/96)
% of cases classified as fatal 83% (48/58) 45% (33/74)
% Severe 91% (88/97) 27% (53/198)
% Asymptomatic 0 42% (84/198)% Health care workers 5% (2/41) 63% (93/147)% reported contact with camels 33% (23/70) 9% (3/32)
*Table includes cases with reported information on each variable; 234 cases have missing information about case type
Person
Source: WHO
WHO Travel Advice 1
• At this time, the risk to an individual pilgrim of contracting MERS-CoV is considered very low.
• WHO does not recommend the application of any travel or trade restrictions or entry screening.
• Before departure, pilgrims should be advised: – Pre-existing major medical conditions can increase the
likelihood of illness, including MERS-CoV infection, during travel
– Pilgrims should consult a health care provider to review the risk and assess whether making the pilgrimage is advisable
WHO Travel Advice 2• Dissemination of general travel health
precautions, which will lower the risk of infection in general.
• Specific emphasis should be placed on:– Washing hands often with soap and water , or with
hand rub– Adhering to good food-safety practices (avoiding
undercooked meat or food prepared under unsanitary conditions, and properly washing fruits and vegetables before eating them)
– Maintaining good personal hygiene– Avoiding unnecessary contact with farm, domestic,
and wild animals
WHO Travel Advice 3
• Travelers who develop a significant ARI with fever and cough (severe enough to interfere with usual daily activities) should be advised to: – Minimize their contact with others – Adopt cough etiquette: Cover their mouth and nose
with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and discard the tissue in the trash after use and wash hands afterwards, or, if this is not possible, to cough or sneeze into upper sleeves of their clothing, but not their hands
– Report to the medical staff
WHO Travel Advice 4• Patients:
– Returning pilgrims developing a significant ARI with fever and cough during the two weeks after their return should seek medical attention.
– Persons who have had close contact with a pilgrim or traveler with a significant ARI with fever and cough and who themselves develop such an illness should seek medical attention.
• Clinicians:– Practitioners and facilities should be alerted to the possibility of
MERS-CoV infection in returning pilgrims with ARI, especially those with fever and cough and pulmonary parenchymal disease
– If clinical presentation suggests the diagnosis of MERS-CoV, laboratory testing, should be done and infection prevention and control measures implemented.