Meristematic Tissue (where mitosis occurs)

Responsible for growth in plantProduces new cells that will eventually specialize– ↑ height = apical– ↑ diameter= lateral

Surface Tissue

Outer Layer = cuticle (waxy)Protects Plant and Prevents Water Loss

Parenchyma Tissue

Thin-walled CellsMain functions– Photosynthesis– Storage

Sclerenchyme Tissue

Thick-walled CellsProvide Shape & SupportAble to Stand Upright

Vascular Tissue

1. Xylem= transports water plant

2. Phloem= transports food & minerals

-or-

Types of Meristems

Where growth occurs at the tips of roots & stems

1. Apical Meristems:

-Terminal/End-Upward Growth

2. Lateral Meristems

Where growth in diameter occurs located outside stems & roots– Vascular cambium

• Located between X & P• Produces new vascular tissue

– Cork cambium• Located outside P• Replaces outer layer root & stem• Cork= dead cells to provide support & strength

Types of Growth in Plant

Primary Growth: Apical Meristems

Secondary Growth: Lateral Meristems

Importance of Roots

1. Anchors plant in soil2. Absorbs/transports water &

minerals3. Stores excess food & water

**live off during non-PS times**

Types of Roots

1. Primary Roots2. Taproot3. Fibrous Root4. Aerial Root5. Adventitious/Prop Root

Primary Root

1st root which appears out of a seed

Taproot

Primary root grows thicker and longer with secondary roots growing off of itExamples:

Fibrous Roots

Primary root branches off into many smaller rootsExample:

Aerial Roots

Roots Exposed to AirAbsorb MoistureExample:

Spanish Moss

Adventitious/ Prop Roots

Specialized roots which grow directly from the stem above groundExample:

Root Structure

Root CapHard protective layerPrevents breakage as pushes thru soilSecretes slimy lubrication

Root HairsIncrease surface area of root so more water and nutrients can be absorbedMain water entry point

Epidermis

Waterproof outermost layerProtection

Cortex

Many layers of parenchyma cellsStore starch for energyTaproots have much more defined area

Endodermis

Innermost cylinder of cortex-WATERPROOFRegulates movement of water & minerals into vascular tissue

Endodermis

Stele/Vascular Tissue (innermost region of root)Contains xylem (always closer to center) & phloemCross sections:**Monocots : forms a ring, Dicots: forms a cross**

Endodermis

Pericycle

Outermost layer of cells of the steeleGoes through cell division creating root hairs

Endodermis

Pericycle