Mercury - Science WITH Mr. dvorin€¦ · of the solar system. Scarps - long sinuous cliffs, this...
Transcript of Mercury - Science WITH Mr. dvorin€¦ · of the solar system. Scarps - long sinuous cliffs, this...
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Mercury
By: Olivia Frasier & Caterina Servello
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Distance from the sun's diameter- 57 million km
Period of rotation- 58.65 earth days
Period of revolution- 88 earth days
Orbital radius- 2439.7 km
Moons- none
(This is because mercury is the closest planet to the sun which the sun's strong gravity would interfere with anything orbiting it)
Facts
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Layers of Mercury● Mercury’s crust is mostly composed
with silicate rock.● Beneath the crust is the mantle
which is also composed of silicate rock and is hundreds of kilometers thick.
● At the center of mercury is the core which is made partly of molten iron about (7,500 km) in diameter. The core also generates a magnetic field.
● The core is about 80% of mercury's total mass.
● Mercury is the second densest planet in the solar system because of its large iron core.
Density- 5,430 kg/m3
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Surface Features● Caloris Basin- Largest feature on mercury and is 1,300 km in diameter.- Formed by a large meteorite in the early formation of the solar system.
● Scarps- long sinuous cliffs, this is where the crust is broken along a sloped plane and pushed upwards.
● Volcanoes-The lava flows shaped many features like smoothing out the surfaces, carving valleys and creating ridges.-25 km in length
● Hollows-Ranging in sizes from 60 feet to over a mile across and 60 to 120 feet deep.
● Water ice- MESSENGER has reported data with radar signals of existence of water ice located in mercury's north pole.
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Random fact● Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and due to its proximity it is not easily seen except during twilight. For every two orbits of the Sun, Mercury completes three rotations about its axis and up until 1965 it was thought that the same side of Mercury constantly faced the Sun.
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Scale info.Diameter
Sun's diameter-10 km = Mercury's diameter-3,505km
Distance planet from sun
Sun's diameter-10 km= Distance planet from sun-8.4250 km
http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/tharriso/ast110/Ast105week06.html
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Work Cited● https://www.space.com/18646-mercury-distance.html● https://sciencing.com/what-distance-sun-mercury-4570171.html● https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/special/mercury.htm● https://www.universetoday.com/14008/rotation-of-mercury/● https://phys.org/news/2016-01-moons-mercury.html● https://journeyhome1111.com/about/● https://pics-about-space.com/planet-mercury-orbit-sun?p=1● http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2012/04/mercurys-gold.html● http://www.thinglink.com/scene/875077274305560576● http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/mercury/insidemercury.shtml● https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/exploring-the-planets/online/solar-system/mercury/surface.cfm● http://themis.asu.edu/node/5427● https://www.space.com/ ● http://thinkzone.wlonk.com/SS/SolarSystemModel.php?obj=Mercury&dist=1000000cm&table=y&ma
p=n&venus=n&earth=n&mars=n&ceres=n&jupiter=n&saturn=n&uranus=n&neptune=n&pluto=n
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VenusBy : Jack Kozel & Parker Miller
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Facts● Venus has a diameter of 12,104 kilometers.● Venus is thought to be made up of mainly central iron core, rocky mantle, and
silicate crust.● Venus is 108,000,000 kilometers away from the sun.● One day in venus is 18 hours.● One year in venus is 116 days.● Venus orbits the sun at a average of 0.72 AU.
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Facts● Venus is the second brightest natural object in the solar system.● Venus does not have any moons or rings around it.● The surface temperature on Venus can reach 471 celsius this heat makes
venus have a silicate crust and iron stored inside of it.● A detailed study on venus just finishes in 2015 showing more than 1000
volcanoes large as 20 km.● Atmospheric pressure on venus is 92 times as much as Earth's pressure.● Venus was thought to be a tropical planet because the gases surrounding the
planet were impossible to see in but when radio mapping was formed scientist were able to measure the hostile environment for life.
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Scale EquationSun's diameter = 1,391,400
Venus’s diameter = 12,104
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V By: Megan Rutherford, and Katie Green
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Earth’s FactsBy: Morgan Timm and Maddie Melody
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Days and YearsYou may think a full day on Earth is 24 hours but it actually is
23 hours, 56 minutes, and four seconds.
Also, one year on Earth is
365.24 days!
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Distance from Earth to Sun in (km)
The distance of Earth to the Sun is
149,668,992 km.
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Number of Moons
Earth has one moon and it’s called Moon. The Moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days. Our moon is the only moon, called Moon.
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Layers of the Planet
Earth has 4 layers. The layers from the inside out our inner core, outer core, mantle, and then crust.
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Pictures!!
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Random Fact and Scale Info.
70 percent of the planet is covered in ocean but humans have only discovered 5 percent of it.
Scale Info If the Sun was 10 km in diameter Earth would be .091 km wide. I used a conversion by putting the actual sun width over actual Earth width() and made that equal to 10 km over x because x is unknown. Then for how far away Earth would be from the sun if the sun had 10 km in diameter the Earth would be 1720.225 km away. I set up the actual Earth size over the new size and the actual distance to the sun over x.
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Resources
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/space/moon.html
https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/JennyChen.shtml
https://list25.com/25-crazy-facts-about-planet-earth-that-will-boggle-your-mind/
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EARTH
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Facts
Period of rotation - 24 Hours
Period of revolution - 365.25 rotations
Distance from the Earth to the Sun
152 million km
1 Moon - Takes 27.32 days to revolve around the earth
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Layers of atmosphere and crustLayers of Atmosphere
Exosphere: 700 to 10,000 km (440 to 6,200 miles)
Thermosphere: 80 to 700 km (50 to 440 miles)
Mesosphere: 50 to 80 km (31 to 50 miles)
Stratosphere: 12 to 50 km (7 to 31 miles)
Troposphere: 0 to 12 km (0 to 7 miles)
Layers of Earth
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If the Sun was 10 km wide, than Earth would
be 91.7 m wide.
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Random Fact About Earth
Earth is the only planet in our solar system that wasn’t named after a Greek or Roman God or Goddess.
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Image sources“Earth Hour.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, www.worldwildlife.org/pages/earth-hour.
Garner, Rob. “Earth.” NASA, NASA, 13 Jan. 2015, www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.html.
“GCSE Bitesize: The Structure of the Earth.” BBC, BBC,
www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/tectonic_plates_rev1.
shtml.
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MARS
BY: nick and nick
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Distance from Mars to the Sun's diameter
Mars orbits the Sun at an average distance of 228 million km(141.67 million mi)
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How long is a day on Mars?
One day on mars is 40 minutes longer then a day on Earth
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One Year on Mars
One year on mars is 687 days.
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Moons
Mars is the only planet in our solar system that has no moons.
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Layers
The surface of Mars is made of a thick layer of oxidized iron dust and rocks of the same color. The atmosphere of Mars is divided into only three layers. The first layer on Mars, the troposphere, is twice as large as the first layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The middle of the atmosphere is called the mesosphere.The very top of the atmosphere is called the exosphere.
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Orbital Radius
Mars is 141.6 million miles away from the sun
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Photos
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Surface features
The Surface of mars is very rocky. It is much like a desert on Earth. The whole
Planet is covered in red dust. The dust is oxidized iron dust
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Facts
Mars and Earth are approximately the same landmass but
mars is way smaller.
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How big would mars be
Is The Sun was 10 Kilometers then mars would only be
0.03027167 kilometers in diameter
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MarsBy: Owen Berryman and Alex Shaw
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How many Moons Does Mars HaveMars has 2 moons, Phobos and Deimos.
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Length of One Day on MarsOne day on Mars is equal to 1 day and 40 minutes on Earth. One revolution around the Sun takes 687 days, or 1.9 Earth years.
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Distance From the SunMars is 141.6 million miles from the Sun. On Mars the Sun appears only half the size it does on Earth.
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Mars LayersMars has a large mantle and a solid core, like Earth but without a liquid outer core.
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Random FactMars is named after the roman god of war, like many other planets such as Mercury, Venus, Neptune, Pluto (not a planet though), Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. So, pretty much every planet but Earth.
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Mars SurfaceThe surface of Mars is made of dust and rocks. The dust, made of iron, is oxidized. This give it the red appearance. Water cannot exist on Mars for any period of time.
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How big would mars planet be if the sun had a diameter of 10
Our planet would be .0049 km in diameter
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JupiterBy Cody Miller, Arthur White
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Facts-Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
-It takes Jupiter 9 hours 55 minutes and 30 seconds to
complete a full rotation and 12 Earth day’s to complete a
revolution around the Sun.
- Jupiter is the biggest gas giant and its atmosphere is made
of mostly hydrogen gas and helium gas.
Jupiter
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Facts -Jupiter has an extremely strong magnetic field
-Jupiter is more than 300 times the Earth
-11 times the diameter of the Earth
-Jupiter magnetic field is 14 times stronger than Earth's
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Facts - Jupiter is made of mostly gas such as hydrogen and
helium except a core the size of Earth that is made of
mostly rocks and metals.
-Jupiter has 67 moons. Including its four largest called
Ganymede,Callisto, Io, Europa.(Discovered by Galileo
Galilei.)
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Conversion If The Diameter of the Sun was 10km1,391,400 kmSun actual diameter
10 kmModified sun diameter
139,822 kmJupiter actual diameter
?Jupiter diameter when the suns is 10 km
1,391,400 kmSun actual diameter
10 kmSun modified diameter
139,822 kmJupiter diameter
1.0049153802 kmJupiter diameter when the suns in 10 km
9.9512236987 km The sun and jupiter diameter simplified
1 km
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Jupiter to the Sun
Sun Diameter 10km
Jupiter Diameter 1.00490153802km
Distance Between them
485,331,212 km
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JupiterBy Andrew Merz and Dominic Schifko
Simon
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Distance of planet to the sun diameter in km
778,000,000 km
*Not to scale
Hille
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Length of One DayOne day on Jupiter is 10 hours on
earth.
Dunbar
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How long it takes to go around the sunOne year on Jupiter is 12 years on Earth.
Jupiter
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MoonsJupiter has 67 moons.
Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are the Galilean moons. They were discovered by Galileo in 1610. They are some of the largest objects in the solar system besides the 8 planets.
Columnist
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Layers of Jupiter
Jupiter’s Composition
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Surface featuresThe temperature in the clouds of Jupiter is about minus 145 degrees Celsius (minus 234 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature near the planet's center is much, much hotter. The core temperature may be about 24,000 degrees Celsius (43,000 degrees Fahrenheit). That’s hotter than the surface of the sun!
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Jupiter has 4 rings
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ScaleIf the sun was 10km in diameter, than Jupiter would be 1.00490153802 km in diameter.
Sun's diameter - 1.3914 million km
Jupiter’s diameter - 86.8814 thousand km/10 = 1.00490153802km
If the sun was 10km in diameter, Jupiter would be 48,380,000 in away from the sun.
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Works CitedDunbar, Brian. “Jupiter Animated Videos.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/multimedia/largest/EduVideoGallery.html.
Hille, Karl. “Hubble Takes Close-up of Jupiter.” NASA, NASA, 6 Apr. 2017, www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-takes-close-up-portrait-of-jupiter.
JUPITER'S COMPOSITION - EnchantedLearning.com, www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/jupiter/jupiterinside.shtml.
Simon, A. “NASA.” NASA, NASA, 2014, www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/jupiter/.
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Works Cited 2JUPITER'S COMPOSITION - EnchantedLearning.com, www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/jupiter/jupiterinside.shtml.
Columnist, Joe Rao Space.com Skywatching. “Jupiter's Moons to Vanish from View.” Space.com, www.space.com/7198-jupiter-moons-vanish-view.html.
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Saturn
By: Amelia Beesley, Annika Lamp, & Paige Crowley
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Distance from Saturn to the Sun’s Diameter in kilometers
The distance from saturn to the sun is 1.429 billion kilometers
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Period of Rotation/Length of one day on Saturn
The length of a day or period of rotation on Saturn is 10 hours and 42 minutes.
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Period of Revolution and Length of one year
Saturn revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years, or once every 10,755.7 Earth days.
Source: http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/
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Number of Moons
Saturn has 53 moons and one of the moons, Titan, has its own atmosphere, which is rare for moons.
Source: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/
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Layers of the Planet
The layers of Saturn in order from the inside out are the core, a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, a layer of liquid molecular hydrogen, and the upper atmosphere.
Source: https://saturn-archive.jpl.nasa.gov
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Surface Features
Saturn’s surface is so dense that the gravity on it is very weak and is only 91% compared to that of the Earth. Since the planet Saturn is a gas giant, it doesn’t have a solid surface unlike the Earth. Saturn also doesn’t have many surface features because it is a gas giant.
Source: http://planetfacts.org/
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Random Facts
● Saturn is very large and is the second largest planet in the Solar System. However, it is made up mostly of gas and is less dense than water. Since it is lighter than water, it can float on water and is the least dense of all the planets.
● Saturn is the root word of the English word “Saturday”● Titan, one of Saturn’s moons, is larger than the planet Mercury
Source: http://nineplanets.org
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SaturnBy: Alana & Keilani
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Facts about saturn● 6th planet from the sun● It can be seen with a “naked eye”● 2nd largest planet in our solar system● Saturn is named after the Roman God of agriculture● Lowest density of all the planets in just our solar system● It takes about 29.46 Earth years for saturn to orbit around our sun● Saturn has 7 ring groups made up of thousands of smaller rings● Saturn is made up of 94% of hydrogen and 6% helium
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Distance/days/years
The distance of the planet to the sun is 1.429 billion km!
The rotation length of one day is 10 hours 42 minutes
The length of a year on saturn in earth hours is 29.46
SATURN
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Saturn's Moons
Saturn has 53 moons in total, some of them are called Titan, Pandora, and Rhea. The moon Titan even has its own atmosphere and that's very unusual for a moon.
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Surface Features/Layers of the planetSaturn is nothing like earth. Instead it is a gas planet, it is made up of 94% hydrogen and 6% helium. Hydrogen and Helium are what most stars are made of. It is said that Saturn is has a deep molten, rocky core about the size of earth. Saturn has many layers and they are pictured -->
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UranusBy: Ariana Kreager and Adam Moule
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Ratio Compared to the Sun
The ratio is 26.8 to 1.
That's
Uranus
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Period of Rotation a Day
As you know, one day in planet Earth is 24 hours. In the planet Uranus, there is 17 hours and 14 minutes in one day. If you didn’t know, one rotation of the planet is how we have our days.
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Period of Revolutions a YearOn planet Earth there are 365 days in one year. That means it takes 365 days to circle the sun one time. On the other hand, Uranus takes 31,000 days because it is so much further out.
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Number of Moons
Uranus has 27 moons.1.Cordelia
2.Ophelia
3.Bianca
4.Cressida
5.Desdemona
6.Juliet
7.Portia
8.Rosalind
9.Mab
10.Belinda
11.Perdita
12.Puck
13.Cupid
14.Miranda
15.Francisco
16.Ariel
17.Umbriel
18.Titania
19.Oberon
20.Caliban
21.Stephano
22.Trinculo
23.Sycorax
24.Margaret
25.Prospero
26.Setebos
27. Ferdinand
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Layers of the PlantThe first layer is hydrogen,helium,and methane. Next is liquid hydrogen, then icy water,ammonia and methane. The core is molten rock.
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Orbital Radius
An orbital radius is the distance of the planet from the sun. Uranus is 2,870,658,000 km (19.2 AU) away from the sun.
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Surface FeaturesUranus is a plant that has no solid features. It is a gas planet along with Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. The atmosphere is mainly made up of hydrogen, and helium. Although there are traces of water, ammonia, and methane.
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RANDOM FACTS!!!!!!!!!!
Uranus was the first planet to be seen with a telescope.
The coldest planet -224 degrees celsius.
Uranus moons were named after characters created by william shakespeare and Alexander Pope.
Only 1 spaceship has flown by uranus.
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Uranus
By: Bailey and Campbell
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Information
Distance of planet to the sun diameter in km- 2, 875 million km
Number of moons- Uranus has 27 moons and some are half made of ice
Fact: Uranus is the coldest planet in the Solar System , Uranus orbits the sun on its side, A Season on Uranus lasts one long day .
This means that a single year on Uranus lasts as long as 30,688.5 Earth days
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Surface Feature
Uranus is a giant gas planet with no solid surface. It’s Atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
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Information
Rotation time in one day.
Uranus rotates in under a day it rotates in 17 hours and 14 minutes.
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Scale Information
If the sun was 10 km uranus would be 0.3644km
conversion: Sun: 1.3914 million = 10 km
Uranus: 50,724 = 0.3644
If the sun had a diameter of 10 km uranus would be 0.2875 km away from the sun.
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Information
Layers of Planets● Outer
Atmosphere● Atmosphere● Mantle● Core
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Neptune
By:Hayden Breuker, Donte Taylor, Conor Evans
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Did You know……..● Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun ● last of the known planets.● it is the third largest planet ● Neptune was named after the Roman god of the Sea● It is the fourth largest planet in terms of diameter● It takes Neptune 164.8 Earth years to orbit the Sun.● It takes 16 hours to rotate on its axis● Neptune was discovered by Jean Joseph Le Verrier.
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How Many Moons Does Neptune Have
Neptune has 14 moons
Triton (one of Neptune’s moons) was discovered October 10
1846 by english astronomer William Lassell.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(moon)
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Layers of the planet1. Outer atmosphere, thin
clouds2. Inner atmosphere
containing chemicals such as hydrogen, helium and methane gas
3. Mantle containing materials like water, ammonia and methane ices
4. Core that contains of rock
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4,498,116,480 Km.
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All About Pluto!
By: Lily Glowzinski & Galaxy-Chan AKA Kira Schultz
Everything you need or want to know about Pluto!
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The Distance From Pluto To The Sun
The distance from Pluto to the Sun is 5.9 billion Km. More specifically, it is 5,906,376,272 km.
Sun
Pluto is really tiny compared to the sun. Compared to the sun, Pluto looks like a piece of dust.
Pluto
= 500,000 Km
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Length of Pluto’s day
Pluto’s length of 1 day is equivalent to 6.39 days on Earth. This is also called the period of rotation.
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Length of Pluto’s Year
One year on Pluto is equivalent to 247.92 Earth years. This is also called the Period of Revolution.
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Number of Moons
Pluto has Five moons. It’s five moons are Charon, Hydra, Kerberos, Nix, and Styx.
Charon KerberosHydra
Nix Styx
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Pluto’s Layers
Pluto has about 20 haze layers above it. These layers are not always parallel to Pluto’s surface and reach over many Kilometers. Pluto also most likely has a rocky core that is surrounded by a mantle of water ice. Finally, the crust of Pluto is made of frozen nitrogen.
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Pluto’s Orbital Radius
Pluto’s Orbital Radius is 30 to 49 AU’s
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Photos
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Pluto’s Surface Features
Pluto is probably made of a 70 percent rock and 30 percent water ice. Pluto probably has a core surrounded by water ice, with more ices such as methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen ice on the surface.
Credit to google when you search “what is pluto’s surface features”
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Fun Fact
Pluto was named after the Roman God of the Underworld.
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Pluto By: Mackenzie Kilano and Karli Fahey
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Pluto’s Features★ Pluto is approximately 5.9 billion kilometers from the Sun★ The Period of Rotation is 639 Earth days★ The Period of Revolution is 248 Earth years★ Pluto has 5 moons
○ Charon, Hydra, Kerberos, Nix and Stryx★ Pluto has a small, rocky core made of metals and an icy outer
layer★ Its atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen, Methane and Carbon
Monoxide★ Pluto’s surface is very icy, and its surface temperature is about
-380.2℉
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Scale★ If the Sun had a diameter of 10 kilometers then Pluto
would have a diameter of 0.0170503597122 kilometers★ The Sun’s original diameter is 1.39 million kilometers.
We divided 1.39 by 10 and it equaled 139,000. Pluto’s original diameter is 2,370 kilometers. Then, we divided 2,370 by 139,000 and it equaled 0.0170503597122
★ If the Sun had a diameter 10 kilometers then Pluto would be about 42,446 kilometers away
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Fun Facts
★ Pluto is one third water★ Pluto's orbit crosses neptune's orbit★ Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006★ Pluto has a heart shape on its surface★ Pluto is smaller than 7 of the moons in our solar
system
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Pluto’s Moons
Charon
Hydra
Kerberos
Hix
Stryx
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Works Cited
https://space-facts.com/pluto/
https://www.geek.com/feature/11-awesome-facts-about-the-lovable-dwarf-planet-pluto-1629
287/
https://www.space.com/43-pluto-the-ninth-planet-that-was-a-dwarf.html
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/pluto/basic
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