MEOR Processes Sources and Types Nutrients & Injection Mechanisms Screening criteria Methodology...

Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

Group 11

MEOR ProcessesSources and TypesNutrients & InjectionMechanismsScreening criteriaMethodologyCase StudyEconomicsLimitations and Environmental EffectsConclusion

Outlines

Shady

Well Stimulation

Enhancing Waterflooding

Permeability Modification

Wellbore Cleanup

MEOR Processes

Shady

Indigenous

•Less cost

•Difficulty to achieve required reactions

External Source(Exogenous)

•Produce required products•Injected with nutrients

OR•Injection of metabolites

Source & Type

Source

M.Abdelaaty

AerobicAerobic

AnaerobicAnaerobic

FacultativeFacultative

Source & Type

Type

M.Abdelaaty

Nitrogen

source

• Nitrates

Sugar sourc

e

• Molasses

Protein

source

• Phosphates

Essential nutrients

Nutrients

M.Abdelaaty

Sugar, crude oil

Oxygen

Carbon source

For aerobic cultures

Nutrients

M.Abdelaaty

Water

Nutrients

Microbes

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

Injection

Injection

MicrobialfloodingHuff and Puff

M.Abdelaaty

Huff &

Puff

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

NutrientsMicrobes

Water

Injection

INJECTION

Stimulation

M.Abdelaaty

Injection

SHUT - IN

Stimulation

M.Abdelaaty

Injection

PRODUCTION

Production

Stimulation

From the same well

M.Abdelaaty

Microbialflooding

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

InjectionEnhancing waterflooding

M.Abdelaaty

Microbes as Factory of Bio-chemicals

M. Fathy

Mechanisms

Interfacial tensionInterfacial tension

Water mobilityWater mobility

Oil mobilityOil mobility

Mechanisms

M. Fathy

MechanismsInterfacial tensionInterfacial tension

Mechanism

Product

Reduction of IFT

Bio-surfactant M. Fathy

PERMEABILITY REDUCTION

MechanismsWater mobilityWater mobility

Mechanism

Product

Selective plugging

Bio-polymer M. Fathy


PERMEABILITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Product

Water thickening

Bio-polymer

VISCOSITY INCREASING

M. Fathy

MechanismsOil mobilityOil mobility

Mechanism

Product

Dissolution of carbonates

Organic acids

PERMEABILITY INCREASING

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Product

Dislodge debris

Bio-gas

PERMEABILITY INCREASING

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Product

Emulsion

Organic alcohols and bio-surfactant

VISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Product

Swelling

Bio-gas

VISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Product

Oil dissolution

Organic solvents

VISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Heat

VISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Mechanism

Oil bio-degradation

VISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy


Titan’s new technology

M. Fathy

GeophysicalGeochemical

Oil properties

Screening criteria

M.AbdelMawgod

Screening criteria

GeophysicalM.AbdelMawgod

> 50 cp

50 – 170 F 100 – 120 F

> 20 cp, < 200 cp

3 – 30 %

< 8000 ft

100 – 300 md

3000 – 6000 ft

> 10%

> 50 md

Screening criteriaFactor Limits Optimum

M.AbdelMawgod

Screening criteria

GeochemicalM.AbdelMawgod

0 -15 %< 20 %

< 10 %< 150,000 ppm

5 - 9

< 200 ppm

6 - 8

Carbonate

< 100 ppm

Carbonate,Sandstone,

Granite, others

SalinityTDS

Heavy metalspHLithology


M.AbdelMawgod

Screening criteria

Oil propertiesM.AbdelMawgod

Paraffinic/Asphaltic

> 25 %

> 15

50 %

30 -40

Paraffinic, Asphaltic,

Naphthenic,Olefinic

Oil typeAPIOil saturation


M.Abdelmawgod

MethodologyCharacterization of The Target Reservoir

Important in MEOR project.

Designing microbial treatment.

Identifying the directional flow characteristics of the reservoir.

Mostafa

MethodologyThe Mineralogy of The Rock Formation

Characterized by core analysis

The effect of clay minerals in the pores.

The effect of rock mineralogy on transport of microbes.

Mostafa

MethodologyExamination of The Produced Oil & Water

Water and oil samples were analyzed for microbial content.

These microorganisms might have adverse effect on the injected MEOR system or may be beneficial.

Indigenous microbes are used widely in the MEOR systems.

Mostafa

MethodologyCare When Nutrients Are Injected

Ensure that the indigenous SRB* are either not stimulated or over grown.

SRB can produce H2S.

*SRB: Sulfate Reducing BacteriaMostafa

MethodologyCompatibility testing of microbes with

fluids

Compatibility testing of fluids must be performed with cores.

These tests will yield estimates of oil recovery efficiency.

Mostafa

MethodologyQuality of The Injected Nutrients Must Be

Studied

Compatibility testing with nutrients must be performed with cores .

The difference of nutrient composition affects the microbial growth and activity.

Mostafa

Project Description

Lab. Test Pilot Test

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Field project scale

Mostafa

Case Study

Mostafa

Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979

Oil production: 20 bbl/day

Objective: Well clean-out

Well: Low production

Case study

Doaa

Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979

Bacteria Nutrients- Bacillus

- ClostridiumUp to 105 to 106

cells/ml

- Molasses (4 %)

- (NH4)3PO4 (0.02 %)

Case study

Doaa

Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979Process:

Huff and Puff

Shut-in for 4 weeks

Increase production 350 %

Case study

Doaa

Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988

Problem: High oil viscosity (21 API)

Unfavorable mobility ratio

Inefficient waterflooding

Case study

M.Alaa


Bacteria Nutrients

-Clostridium:High producer of CO2

and alcohols

- Water 10,000bbl- Free corn syrup

200,000lb- Some mineral salts

Case study

M.Alaa

Process:

Injection

Shut-in for 7 days

Returning to production


Case study

M.Alaa

Results:Reduction of oil viscosity by CO2

Improve mobility ratio and sweep efficiency by organic butanol

Leading to enhancing oil recovery


Case study

M.Alaa

Economics

Microbes and nutrients are relatively cheap materials.

Cost is independent on oil prices.

Implementation needs minor modifications to field facilities.

Economics

M.Alaa

Economically attractive for marginal producing wells.

The total cost of incremental oil production from MEOR is only 2 – 3 $/bbl.

Economics

M.Alaa

Surfactant

CO2 Injection

Thermal

Polymer

Waterflooding MEOR

Total recovery, % OOIP

Incr

emen

tal o

il co

st, $

/bbl

Economics

M.Alaa

Limitations

Mineral content Increasing salinity absorbs

water from the microbe and negatively affects its growth

Enas

Limitations

Reservoir parametersPermeability, temperature, pressure,

salinity, pH, …etc affects selection of our types and our

growth

Enas

Limitations

Study of bacteria metabolism, and relation to subsurface environment,

need great effort

Lack of experience

Enas

Limitations

Sulfate-reducing bacteria

Produce H2S and SO2

Causing bio-corrosion of the equipment, and contamination of ground water

Enas

More friendlyProduce organic chemicalsless harmful than synthetic chemicals used by otherEOR methods

Effects on Environment

Enas

Conclusion

Shady

EOR Methods are specific for specific reservoirs.

Usage of microbes is to produce Bio-chemicals.

Effect of reservoir conditions.

MEOR is economical method.

• Donaldson, E.C.; Chilingarian, G.V.; and Yen, T.F., "Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery,“ Vol. 22, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989

• El-Tayeb, S.A.; Abdallah, Abdel Waly; Sayyouh, M.H. and Samir, M.A., “Tertiary Oil Recovery from Egyptian Reservoirs by New Method (Bacteria for Increasing Oil Recovery),” Report 1; Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Jan, 2003

• Sayyouh, M.H.; Al-Blehed, M.S.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Possible Applications of MEOR to the Arab Oil Fields," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 5, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1991)

• Al-Blehed, M.S.; Sayyouh, M.H.; Shoeb, H.A.; Awwad, A.M.; Desouky, S.M.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Laboratory Investigation of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 8, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1994)

References

• L. Bryant, Steven, The University of Texas at Austin; and P. Lockhart, Thomas SPE, Enitecnologie, " Reservoir Engineering Analysis of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," SPE 63229 presentation at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 1–4 October 2000

• M. Amro, Mohamed, SPE, King Saud University, "Multidisciplinary Challenge for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)," SPE 120820 presented at the 2008 Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium held in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, 10–12 May 2008

• Maudgalya, Saikrishna, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum Corp.; and M. Knapp, Roy, SPE; and J. McInerny, Michael, SPE, University of Oklahoma, Norman, “Microbial Enhanced oil Recovery Technologies: A Review of the Past, Present, and Future," SPE 106978 presented at the 2007 SPE Production and Operations Symposium held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 31 March–3 April 2007

References

• R. Vazquez-Duhalt and R. Quintero-Ramirez (Editors), “Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 151,” Chapter 15, Biotechnological approach for development of microbial enhanced oil recovery technique, Fujiwara, K.; Sugai, Y.; Yazawa, N.; Ohno, K. ; Hong, C.X. and Enomoto, H., Elsevier B .V., 2004

• Feng, Qing-xian; and Zhou, Jia-xi, SPE, Chen, Zhi-yu; Wang, Xiao-lin; and Ni, Fang-tian, SPE, and Huai-jun Yang, Research Centre of Dagang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, “Study on EOR Mechanisms by Microbial Flooding,” SPE 79176 presented at the 26th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Abuja, Nigeria, 5-7 August, 2002

• Kowalewski, E.; Rueslatten, I.; Boassen, T.; Sunde, E.; and Stensen, J.A., Statoil ASA.; Lillebo, B.L.P.; Bodtker, G.; and Torsvik, T., UNIFOB AS, “Analyzing Microbial Improved Oil Recovery Processes from Core Floods," IPTC 10924 presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Doha, Qatar, 21 – 23 November,2005

References

Websites• http://www.bioportal.gc.ca

• http://www.agen.ufl.edu

• http://www.msstate.edu

• http://www.bnet.com

• http://www.microbesinc.com

• http://www.teriin.org

• http://www.titanoilrecovery.com

Special Thanks

• Prof. Dr./ Mohamed Helmy SayyouhMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of

Engineering, Cairo University

• Prof. Dr./ El-Sayed Ahmed El-TayebMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of

Engineering, Cairo University

Till the last dropOil is ours

MEOR Processes Sources and Types Nutrients & Injection Mechanisms Screening criteria Methodology...

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