MENTORING THE ONLINE K-12 STUDENT
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Transcript of MENTORING THE ONLINE K-12 STUDENT
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MENTORING THE ONLINE K-12 STUDENT
BEST PRACTICES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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TRADITIONAL STUDENT POPULATION
Education used to based on “knowledge about”; in other words, students were asked to locate and report on information. Pedagogue focused on lower-order skills– Memorization– Repetition– Basic comprehension(Gunn & Hollingsworth, 2007, p. 2).
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21ST CENTURY POPULATION
• “Today’s students have vastly different interests, skills, and brain functions that are not always recognized or attended to within contemporary school systems”(Gunn & Hollingsworth, 2010, p. 2)
• Today’s students are digital natives taught by digital immigrants (teachers) (p. 1-2)
• “Knowledge of” pedagogue (knowledge, application and critical thinking) is needed to build higher order skills (p. 2)
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ONLINE MENTORING• Three elements are essential for online
teaching, and can be applied to mentoring:• 1. Social Presence• 2. Cognitive Presence• 3. Teaching Presence• (Bair & Bair, 2011, p.2)
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SOCIAL PRESENCE• Three definitions:• “Shin (2002). . . feeling intimacy or togetherness in
terms of sharing time and place”• “. . . the ability of learners to project themselves socially
and emotionally in a community of inquiry (Rourke, Anderson, Garrison, & Archer, 1999, para. 3)”
• “. . . Degree to which a person is perceived as a ‘real person’ in mediated communication (Gunawardena & Zittle, 1997, p. 9)”
• (Bair & Bair, 2011, p. 3)
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SOCIAL PRESENCE (CONT.)
• Like adult, online students, elementary students can feel isolated.
• Instructors/mentors should avail themselves both physically and digitally to alleviate this isolation.
• Instructors should also build activities that promote community building to emphasize social presence.
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COGNITIVE PRESENCE• Two Definitions:1. “Garrison, Anderson and Archer (2001): . . .
the extent to which learners are able to construct and confirm meaning through sustained reflection and discourse in a critical community of inquiry (p. 11) . . .
2. . . . the degree of inquiry and critical thinking that learners engage in during the class”(p. 3)
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TEACHING PRESENCE• To promote teaching presence, instructors
should:– Establish curriculum content, learning activities
and course timelines– Have a well-structured and organized online
course– Facilitate the dialogue and reflection– Diagnose learner needs and provide timely
assistance (Bair & Bair, 2011, p. 3)
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SUMMATION• Online mentoring is primarily the
responsibility of the instructor, who must combine social, cognitive and teaching presence to ensure a successful online experience.
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REFERENCESGunn, T. and Hollingsworth, M. (2010). Preparing students,
teachers and administrators for the knowledge through district and school based initiatives. The International Journal of Learning, 17(5), 1-10.
Bair, D. and Bair, M. (2011). Paradoxes of online teaching. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 5(2), 1-13.