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Mentor Automotive
Vehicle Network Design to meet the needs of ADAS and Autonomous Driving
Presented to AESIN Conference 2016
By Martin Wennberg
October 2016
2 - Confidential
Abstract
With the new automotive trends such as highly automated driving and car-2-x communication the demands on the communication design for a car is changed drastically. New aspects such as redundancy, security and cloud interaction are mixed with the traditional communication design, increasing the need of advanced network design tool support. This presentation will provide an overview of the new communication needs as well as give an introduction to service oriented communication (e.g. SOME/IP) and aspects to consider when mixing it with the traditional signal based communication.
3 - Confidential
Technology and Subsystems In-car Experience Connectivity and Networking
EE Architecture Electrical Distribution
Communications Networks Cyber Security
Thermal Analysis LED Lighting
PCB Design
Infotainment Driver information
ADAS & AD Automotive Audio Bus® Multi-Domain
The tux mascot is attributed to Larry Ewing and the GIMP. The Automotive Audio Bus is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
AUTOSAR Methodologies Harness Engineering Electronics Cooling System Engineering Noise Cancellation
MENTOR AUTOMOTIVE OVERVIEW
4 - Confidential
Important Automotive Trends
Electric Vehicles
Eco-Driving
Autonomous Vehicles
V2X / Connectivity
Architecture Security
BOM cost Image Courtesy Continental Corp.
5 - Confidential
MULTIPLE NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Complex in-car systems need to communicate with each other: Traditional LIN, CAN, and FlexRay combines with new automotive protocols
like Ethernet and CanFD
Gateway ECU Gateway ECU
Ethernet / FlexRay Backbone
CAN Ethernet
Cameras
CAN LIN
ADAS Driver Info IVI
ECU ECU ECU
Sonar/Radar ECU ECU
ECU
AD
CAN/Ethernet
Secure SOTA
ECU ECU
Redundant
6 - Confidential
Why redundancy, security and cloud interaction
A Highly automated driving need backup systems in case something goes wrong
Service based communication is one solution
Connected cars have multiple new entry point
Multiple, layered protection mechanisms should be incorporated to secure the connected car. Data encryption is one.
Cloud interaction move communication outside the car
Ethernet is established outside of the car
7 - Confidential
Benefits Of Ethernet
High bandwidth at moderate cost
Protocols out of the box (UDP, TCP or AVB)
Easily connect to external networks
High industry know-how
8 - Confidential
Ethernet As Backbone
Connects multiple domains
Signal based communication Data or Service oriented
Stream based communication eAVB streams
Different modes might need to be supported Download/On charger/Driving
Signal gatewaying to/from traditional field buses CAN/Lin/Flexray PDUs and signals
9 - Confidential
Ethernet – New communication Paradigm
CAN, FlexRay Ethernet
Communication channel Shared Switched
Configuration Static Static and/or dynamic
Scalability New buses New link
Message size Small to medium Big
Overhead Small Relative big
Bandwidth Limited 1Gbits/s
Analysis OK Complicated
10 - Confidential
Signal based Communication: Data vs. Service Oriented Communication
Data Oriented Easy distribution of data Data transformation or signal
mapping can be used Using signals and groups only Compatible with CAN/FR
Service Oriented Communication is per client SOME/IP transformer must be
used Using call/return messages Does not fit with CAN/FR
ECU 1 ECU 2
ECU 3
SWC 1 SWC 2
SWC 3
ECU 1 ECU 2
ECU 3
SWC 1 SWC 2
SWC 3
11 - Confidential
How to use signal based Ethernet?
Use Data oriented communication
when connecting traditional field buses
for periodically updated data
for many consumers of the same data
User Service oriented communication
within an Ethernet cluster
for sporadic communication
between few nodes
12 - Confidential
Ethernet influence on ECU CPU load
Ethernet allows more data to be sent
Ethernet controllers does not do HW filtering like CAN
Ethernet have higher overhead
Service based communication uses call/return
Ethernet typically does not broadcast data
-> If not designing Ethernet carefully the ECU CPU load is likely to increase
13 - Confidential
Ethernet influence on Gateways
Most OEMs will mix service- and signal-oriented communication
Gateways likely need to handle both
Gateways are already today heavily loaded
Ethernet to Ethernet GW is not recommended
-> The Ethernet topology design is important
14 - Confidential
Ethernet timing requirements
Timing requirements are important for both signal based and service based communication
Service based communication uses call/return communication
Client call server, server process request and return value
-> Even if Ethernet is quick a service oriented request might take time if not properly designed
15 - Confidential
Ethernet Switch configuration
Switch typically part of the ECU Semi static configuration
Learning and static configuration MAC=tier1 and IP=OEM
Several queues (port buffers) per port Queues have priorities (QoS, AVB, VLAN) Traffic shaper: forms queues content Scheduler: decides from which queue to send next frame
Weighted Round Robin (WRR) Strict Priority (SP)
-> Configuring an Ethernet switch is complicated
Source: 17_Rick_Kreifeldt_-_Harman_International_AVnu.pdf
16 - Confidential
Signals/Streams
Link Utilization
Busload, CPU
Latencies, buffers
Compatibility
Downstream
Signals/Streams
Link Utilization
Busload, CPU
Latencies, buffers
Compatibility
Downstream
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Capturing Communication Design
Working with Documents
Working with VSA COM
17 - Confidential
Summary
Traditional and service based communication will co-exist
Increased data communication is increasing CPU load on ECUs
Automotive Ethernet is complex to design
Understanding Ethernet is not the same as understanding automotive (AUTOSAR) Ethernet
Advanced network design tool support is even more important for the coming generation of cars
men to r. c om/au tomo t i ve
19 - Confidential
Physical Networks
BUS CAN CAN FD LIN FLEXRAY ETHERNET
Speed Up to 1 Mbps Up to 8 Mbps Up to 19.2 Kbps 10 Mbps Up to 1 Gbps
Cable Type Twisted Pair 5V Twisted Pair 5V Single Wire 12V 2 or 4 Wires One or more Twisted Pair
Cost $$ $$ $ $$$$ $$$
Applications ABS, Powertrain, Engine Control
Higher data capacity CAN applications
Electric Seats, Mirror, Tailgate
Steering, Traction Control, Active Suspension
IP Cameras, Radar, Infotainment