Decriminalizing Mental Illness: Diverting the Mentally Ill ...
Mental illnesses Are you Healthy mentally? What causes Mental problems?
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Transcript of Mental illnesses Are you Healthy mentally? What causes Mental problems?
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Mental illnesses
Are you Healthy mentally?
What causes Mental problems?
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1. Write a definition for mental
illness 2. Give a brief description on what you believe causes mental illnesses.3. How are people with mental illnesses treated by society? Why?
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Mental Illness/Disorders
is an illness that affects the mind, emotions, and behaviors of a person.
Trouble dealing with everyday routines May not be able to have fun/ don’t feel
good about self May not be able to develop intimate
relationships
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General Characteristics/Symptoms
Too much sleep or too little sleep Unexplained mood changes Extreme sadness Drug/alcohol use Can not concentrate Extreme anxiety or irrational fear Personality change False perception of reality
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Categories
There are many different types of mental and emotional problems, all classified into one of two categories:
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Organic Disorders
are disorders caused by physical damage -illness/injury - that affects the brain.
Causes of organic disordersa. brain tumors
b. alcoholism
c. Syphilis
d. strokes
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Functional disorders
are disorders caused by biological changes in the brain – emotional/environmental stress, poor coping skills, and emotional conflict-fear.
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Six types of functional disorders
1) Anxiety 2) Somatoforms 3) Affective – Mood 4) Personality – Conduct 5) Cognitive 6) Eating
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Anxiety Disorders
Nervousness that affects daily activities and causes fear – real or imagined that disrupts a person from enjoying life.
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1. Anxiety Disorders –
most common psychiatric illness affecting children and adults
Develop from a complex set of risk factors- genetic, brain chemistry, personality, and life events
Estimated 40 million adults suffer Highly treatable but 1/3 of those receive help
• Cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, relaxation techniques, drugs combination therapy
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Major Fears
Speaking in front of people – 41% Heights – 32% Insects, $ problems, deep water – 22% Sickness/germs, Death, Flying 19% Elevators, escalators – 21%
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Teens
• Losing parents – 58%
• Dying – 28%
• not being successful 21%
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General Anxiety
– on going anxiety that interferes with day to day activities and relationships and makes it hard to enjoy life
• Constant worry about small/large concerns 6 mo. Or longer
• Feeling of restlessness
• Fatigue
• Irritability
• trembling./sleeplessness/shortness of breath
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Social Anxiety
Fear to make a mistake and be embarrassed or humiliated in front of peers or others.
• Afraid of certain situations – public speaking
• Eating/drinking in front of others
• Writing/working in front of others
• Being center of attention
• Using public restrooms/water fountains/phones
• Symptoms – confusion/HR increase/shaking/sweating/blushing/upset stomach
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Anxiety Disorders
A) Phobias – persistent fears of something that may or may not cause real danger.
B) obsessive / compulsive disorder – OCD -uncomfortable thoughts. repetitiveness-compulsions. Rituals to be complete
C) Panic disorder- a person may feel extreme fear for his/her life even if they are not in danger.
D) Post traumatic stress – horrible event that took place and it keeps repeating in the mind.
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2. Somatoforms
2. Is a condition in which the person complains of disease symptoms but no physical cause can be found.• Known as hypochondria – complains of being
sick but there is no cause.• Preoccupation with the body and presume they
have diseases
• Refuse to believe doctors
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3. Affective disorders (Mood disorders)
mood swings that are severe and last quite awhile which interferes with their daily lives.• Cause is unknown
• Runs in families
• Unable to cope and handle daily situations
95% of Americans suffer from depression
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A. Clinical Depression
1. Clinical depression – Major Depression – is disabling – feeling sad/hopelessness that last for more than a few weeks and interferes with daily activities.
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B. Chronic Depression
2. Chronic depression - characterized by a long term (two years or more) depressed mood. Can not be due to drugs/alcohol• Affects ones ability to
concentrate/sleep/perform
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Depression
10.9 million Americans are affected 18 years or older
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C. Bipolar Depression or Manic Depression
Mood disorder that alternates between periods of clinical depression and times of extreme elation or mania.
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D. SAD – Seasonal Affective Disorder
Depression that occurs each year around the same time. Usually late fall and winter.
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Symptoms of Depression
Lack of energy Withdrawal from people Loss of appetite Too much or too little sleep Feelings of helplessness or
hopelessness
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Suicide – taking of ones own life
Warning signs of suicide- 3rd leading cause of death among 15-19 year olds
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Suicide
1) Verbal signs – talk about death 2) Behavioral – withdrawal, neglect self, loss
energy, give away possessions• 4 males commit suicide for every 1 female
• Females attempt suicide 4-8 x’s more than males
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4 ways to prevent Suicide
1. Take the person seriously 2. ask if they have specific plan 3. be direct – talk openly 4. allow person to express feelings
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Personality Disorders- chronic behavior patterns that cause serious problems with relationships and work
Anti – social Schizophrenia Passive Aggressive Borderline Personality Narcissistic Personality
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4. Personality Disorders (conduct) Anti social- constant conflict with society-
cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, impulsive. They know right /wrong but don’t care of the consequences
-Schizophrenia-false perceptions of reality-hallucinate, delusional *occurs most often 15-35 year olds and develops slowly over time
-passive aggressive – uncooperative with others, resents authority but does not demonstrate resentment.
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Borderline Personality• Characterized by pervasive instability in mood, self
image and behavior.
• 2% are affected mostly women
Narcissistic personality – • Inflated sense of self importance and an extreme
preoccupation w/ one’s self
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Childhood disease -ADHD- Attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder *most common childhood diagnosed disorder *lifelong disease/cause unknown *symptoms/ interrupt daily activities - inability to pay attention - Can not sit quietly - Always moving
- Trouble staying on task - Easily distracted
*treatment – medication to help concentration
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5. Cognitive Disorders -Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia Visual Processing Auditory processing
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Dementia
Brain deterioration that affects memory, language, and reasoning.
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6. Eating disorders – obsessive thoughts about weight control
Anorexia nervosa –self starvation Bulimia – Binging and purging
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All disorders are treatable
Some are cured others are manageable but all must receive help.
95% of Americans suffer from some form of depression
20% of American children suffering from mental disorder
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Training - Psychiatrist
Deal with mental, emotional, behavioral disorders of the mind
Medical doctor – 4 year medical school 1 year internship Pass state licensing exam Can prescribe medication
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Neurologist
Physician who is specialized in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system
Degree in medicine Post graduate training Experience in field State license
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Clinical Psychologist
Diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders
Master of arts/science Doctor of philosophy or psychology Cannot prescribe medication
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Types of therapy Psychoanalysis: one on one analysis of patient’s past
(find the problem in early life) Psychotherapy: discussion by patient and psychologist
to bring out the problem, understand and solve it. Medicine therapy: medication to decrease the disorder
or to prepare for psychoanalysis or psychotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy: electric shock for severe
depression. Group therapy: meet with others with similar problems.
Dr. acts as a guide.