Mental status Examination Neurobiological basis of Psychology
Mental Examination
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PSYCHIATRICMENTAL STATUS
EXAMINATION
Jerry L. Dennis, M.D.Medical Director, ADHS/DBHS
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Mental Status Examination
• General Considerations– Based on Observations During the Assessment
Process– Spontaneity vs. Careful Questioning– Function of MSE Outline– MSE in Context of Age and Developmental Level,
Past History, Presenting Issues, and Categories of Behavioral Health Disorders
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Mental Status Examination
• Evaluation of mental functioning at a point in time
• Examiner interprets the meaning of the client’s communication, verbal and non-verbal
• Rapport: The foundation of the assessment
• Examiner’s Observational Skills: essential
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Establishing Rapport:• Welcome The Client
• State Purpose of the Meeting• Privacy
• Basic Human Comforts• Calming and Respectful Demeanor • Encourage Open Communication• Acknowledge and Validate Client’s
Distress/Concerns
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Mental Status Examination• Ask Open Ended Questions• Allow the Client to Explain Things In His/Her Own
Words• Encourage the Client to Elaborate and Explain • Avoid Interrupting Client• Guide the Interview As Necessary• Avoid Asking “Why?” Questions• Listen and Observe For Cues From Client
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Mental Status Examination - Outline
I. Appearance, Attitude, Behavior, and Social Interaction
II. Motor ActivityIII. MoodIV. AffectV. Self Concept
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Mental Status Examination
VI. SpeechVII. Thought ProcessesVIII. Thought ContentIX. Intellectual Functioning
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Mental Status Examination
• Intellectual Functioning– Sensorium (Orientation)– Memory (Recent, Remote, Retention and Recall)– Intellectual Capacities (General Information and
Fund of Knowledge, Calculations, Abstraction and Comprehension)
– Estimated Intelligence
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Mental Status Examination
X. Judgment and Impulse ControlXI. Insight
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I. Appearance, Attitude, Behavior, and Social Interactions:
Use descriptive terms to record:A. Attitude toward the interview situationB. Rapport and attitude toward the
interviewer and Involved OthersC. DressD. PostureE. Facial Expressions
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I. Appearance, Attitude, Behavior, and Social Interactions
(Children)• Dress • Ease in Separation• Manner In Relating• Attention Span• Speech and Language
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II. Motor Activity
• Describe the types and quality of motor activity observed:– Orderly, calm, agitated, – Restless, hypoactive – Tics, mannerisms, tremors, convulsions, – Ataxia, – Akathisia
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II. Motor Activity (Children)
• Observe for:– Gross and Fine Motor Coordination– Hyperactivity
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III. Mood
• Sustained Emotional State; Overall General Mood– Relaxed, Happy, Anxious, Angry,– Depressed, Hopeless, Hopeful,– Apathetic, Euphoric, Euthymic (Normal/Even
Mood),– Elated, Irritable, Fearful, Silly
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IV. Affect• Outward Expression of Person’s Current
Feeling State• Mood and Emotional Reactions:
– Subjective and Objective AssessmentDescribe: Euthymic (normal), elevated,
expansive, elated, aloof, blunted, flat, inappropriate, labile depressed, indifferent, perplexed, dramatic, sarcastic, apathetic, bewildered, anxious
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Mood and Affect in Children
• Fantasies, Feelings, and Inferred Conflicts• Nonverbal Clues to Feelings• Clues to Depression• Suicidality• Anxiety
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V. Speech
• Describe:– Mute, Talkative, Articulate, – Normally Responsive, Rapid, Slow, – Slurred, Stuttering, – Loud, Whispered, Mumbled, – Spontaneous, Stilted, – Aphasic, Repetitive
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VI. Thought ProcessStream of Thought, Talk, and Mental Activity
A. Form: Conversational, Spontaneous, Logical, Relevant, Pertinent, Concise, Verbose, Circumstantial, Tangential/Derailed, Rambling, Repetitive, Confusing, Perseverating, Illogical, Incoherent, Irrelevant, Verbigeration, Word Salad, Echolalia, Mutism, Wealth or Poverty of Associations, Loose Associations, Alogia, Flight of Ideas
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VII. Thought Process
B. Rate:Accelerated, Rapid, Pressured, Normal, Slowed, Hesitant,Interrupted,Blocking
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VII. Thought Process
C. Language:Humorous, witty, ironical, punning, rhyming, alliterative, clang associations, neologisms, autistic, dereistic, nihilistic, loose associations
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VIII. Thought Content
A. Selective AttentionB. Over-determined AttitudesC. Preoccupation or Exaggerated
ConcernD. Distorting or Ignoring Reality
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VIII. Thought Content
A. Selective Attention:Main themes or subject areas of focus
B. Over-determined Attitudes:Prejudices and biasesSelf-confidence
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VIII. Thought Content
C. Preoccupations and Exaggerated Concerns:
Obsessions and CompulsionsPhobiasHypochondriacal Ideas
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VIII. Thought ContentD. Distorting or Ignoring Reality:
Illusions: Sensory experience with some reality basis
Ideas of Reference: Everything refers back to you
Hallucinations: Sensory experience with no reality basis
Delusions: False beliefs that cannot be dispelled by reason
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VIII. Thought ContentHallucinations:
AuditoryVisualGustatory: TasteOlfactory: SmellKinesthetic: MotionTactile: Touch
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VIII. Thought Content in Children
• Hallucinations– Auditory Hallucinations– Visual hallucinations– Distinguishing form Obsessions and
Compulsions– Imaginary Companions– What to Consider When Hallucinations Are
Present
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VIII. Thought ContentDelusions:
Familiarity (Déjà vu) and unfamiliarity (Jamais vu), depersonalization,unreality, or bewilderment
Somatic: bodySelf-CondemnatoryExpansiveSubmissiveParanoid or Persecutory
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IX. Intellectual FunctionsA. Sensorium:
Orientation to: Person PlaceTimeSituation
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IX. Intellectual FunctionsB. Memory:
ImmediateRecentRemoteRetention and Recall
Recall: 3 objects immediately, and at 5 minutes, 10 minutes
Digit-Span MemoryVisual Memory Span
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IX. Intellectual Functions
C. Intellectual Capacity:General information: Current
Events, Geographic Facts,History, Past Presidents
Calculations: Serial 3’s or 7’sAbstraction and Comprehension:
Comparisons and Differences, Proverb Interpretation
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IX. Intellectual Functions
D. Estimated Intelligence:Below AverageAverageAbove AverageUnable to Determine
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IX. Intellectual Functioning in Children
• General Vocabulary, Responsiveness, and Comprehension
• Identification of Body Parts• Drawing ability• Serial Sevens or Threes• Memory
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IX. Intellectual Functioning in Children
• Academic/School Performance– Educational History Is Essential– Brief Assessment of Reading Problems– Brief Assessment of Writing Problems– Speech and Language – Intelligence
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X. Judgment and Impulse Control:
Compare client’s judgment and decision making pre-illness and post-onset of symptoms or currently, and ability to plan for
the future.
Rate or Specifiy: Excellent, good, impaired, poor, nil
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XI. Insight
Degree of awareness and understanding of one’s self and the causes or factors related to the client’s current situation or illness
Rate or specify: Full, complete, partial, limited, poor, or nil
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Summary
• Core Assessment:– Presenting Concerns– Behavioral Health/Medical History– As Applicable:
• Criminal Justice• Substance Related Disorders• Abuse/Sexual Risk Behavior• Risk Assessment
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Summary
• Mental Status Examination• Now: Completing the Picture and Developing
a Plan– Clinical Formulation– Next Steps/Interim Service Plan
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QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?