8/13/2019 Menomics

1/4

Mnemonic device, is any learning technique that aidsmemory.To improve long term memory,mnemonic systems are used to make memorization easier. They do so by increasing the efficiency of theprocess of consolidation.

The HYPERKALEMIA "Machine" - Causes of Increased Serum K+M - Medications - ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS

A - Acidosis - Metabolic and respiratory

C - Cellular destruction - Burns, traumatic injury

H - Hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis

I - Intake - Excesssive

N - Nephrons, renal failure

E - ExcretionImpaired

MURDERSigns and Symptoms of Increased Serum K+M - Muscle weaknessU - Urine, oliguria, anuriaR- Respiratory distressD - Decreased cardiac contractility

E - ECG changesR - Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)

HYPONATREMIA"You Are Fried"F- Fever (low grade), flushed skin

R - Restless (irritable)

I - Increased fluid retention and increased BP

E - Edema (peripheral and pitting)

D- Decreased urinary output, dry mouth

Can also use this one:

SALT

S = Skin flushedA = Agitation

L = Low-grade fever

T = Thirst

"CATS" of "HYPOCALCEMIA"

C - Convulsions

A- Arrhythmias

T - Tetany

S - Spasms and stridor

To remember which blood types are compatible, visualize the letter O as an orb representing the universe, because

type O blood is the universal donor blood. Patients with any blood type can receive it. But O also means odd man

out: Patients with type O blood can receive only type O blood. ThinkBEEP to remember the signs of minorbleeding:B: Bleeding gums

E: Ecchymoses (bruises)

E: Epistaxis (nosebleed)

P: Petechiae (tiny purplish spots)

Hypo/HyperplasiaHaving difficulty distinguishing hypoplasia from hyperplasia? When you see plasia in any word, think of "plastic."

Plastic, in turn, means forming or developing. As for hypo and hyper, thats the easy part. Hypo means under, or

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory

8/13/2019 Menomics

2/4

below normal. Hyper means excessive, or above normal. Thus, hypoplasia means underdevelopment, and

hyperplasia means overdevelopment.

A stand-up comedian who gets no laughs might say his audience has humoral immunity. But humor is the Latin

word for liquid, and humoral immunity comes from elements in the blood specifically, antibodies. Contrast this

with cellular immunity, which comes about through the actions of T cells.

"FARM" for serum sickness: each letter stands for a key sign or symptom of serum sickness.

F: Fever

A: Arthralgias

R: Rash

M: Malaise

To remember the four causes of cell injury, think of how the injury tipped (or TIPD) the scale of homeostasis:

T: Toxin or other lethal (cytotoxic) substance

I: Infection

P: Physical insult or injury

D: Deficit, or lack of water, oxygen, or nutrients.

When asking assessment questions, remember the American Cancer Societys mnemonic device CAUTION:

C: Change in bowel or bladder habits

A: A sore that doesnt healU: Unusual bleeding or discharge

T: Thickening or lump

I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O: Obvious changes in a wart or mole

N: Nagging cough or hoarseness.

Use the ABCD rule to assess a moles malignant potential:

A: Asymmetry--Is the mole irregular in shape?

B: Border--Is the border irregular, notched, or poorly defined?

C: Color--Does the color vary (for example, between shades of brown, red, white, blue, or black)?

D: Diameter--Is the diameter more than 6 mm?

Listening Heart SoundAPE TO MANAtrial, Pulmonic, Erb's point, Tricuspid, Mitral

Side effects of steroids. The 5 S's.Sick- easier to get sick

Sad-causes depression

Sex-increases libido

Salt-retains more and causes weight gain

Sugar-raises blood sugar

5F's... Cholecystectomyfemale

fairfat

fortyfertile

R Respiratory

O Opposite

ph > PCO2 < Alkalosis

ph < PCO2 > Acidosis

8/13/2019 Menomics

3/4

M Metabolic

E Equalph> HCO3 > Alkalosis

ph< HC03 < Acidosis

Immediate tx of MI, think MONA:M Morphine sulfate

O Oxygen

N Nitroglycerin

A ASA

Treatment of CHF, think UNLOAD FAST:

U sit Upright

N Nitro

L Lasix

O Oxygen

A Aminophylline

D Digoxin

F Fluids- decrease

A Afterload - decreaseS Sodium - decrease

T Tests: dig level, ABG, K+

Assistive devices -- Canes:

C Cane

O Opposite

A Affected

L Leg

Signs of a Cholinergic Crisis, think SLUD:S Salivation

L Lacrimation

U UrinationD Defication

Memory Trick:Need to remember which kind of beta blocker has which action?B1 Blocks the heart (you have only one heart)

B2 Blocks the lungs (you have two lungs)

Parkinson's Medications: "Ali Loves Boxing Matches"

A-Amantadine

L- Levodopa

B- Bromocriptine

M-MAO inhibitors-

Atrial Arrhythmias: ABCDEAdenosine/amiodorone or anticoagulate (if Afib/Flutter has been present >48h)

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blockers

Digoxin

Electrocardiovert (if

8/13/2019 Menomics

4/4

Amiodorone

Lidocaine

8 A's for Hepatotoxic Drugs (Check SGPT/SGOT)Antituberculosi

Anticonvulsant

S - sodium Luminal

G - gabapentin

P - phenytoin

T - tegretol

Anticancer

Aspirin

Alcohol

Antifamily (contraceptice pills)

Acetaminophen

Aflatoxins