Memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory.
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Transcript of Memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory.
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Memory
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Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory
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Baddeley, (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory
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Ebbinhaus’ retention curve
GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL
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Serial Position Effect
Primacy Effect
Recency Effect
Next-in-line Effect
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Encoding
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MnemonicsPeg wordMethod of lociChunking
1776, 1812, 1861, 1898, 1917, 1941, 1950, 1963, 1991
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Storage: Sensory Memory
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Short-Term/Working MemoryOn the next slides you will see a
series of numbers. I will also say the numbers out loud. After I say the last number, the numbers will disappear.
Silently, write the numbers, in the exact order, on your paper.
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2831
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74139
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497215
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5183926
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16953472
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362514798
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6154983287
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89316427513
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STM – The Magic #7 +/- 2• Short-Term Memory – memory that
holds onto about seven sensory inputs for about twenty seconds
• An experiment in STM:• Look at each of the following words –
one at a time – for ONLY two seconds. Silently repeat the word as I say it out loud.• When we have gone through all 15
words, then try to reproduce the words, in the correct order, on the piece of paper.
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Peach
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Book
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Sword
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Car
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Enemy
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Mirror
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Shoe
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Thermometer
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Clock
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Brick
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Bed
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Salt
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Flower
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Calendar
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Airplane
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Reproduce the list of words in the correct order
1. Peach
2. Book
3. Sword
4. Car
5. Enemy
6. Mirror
7. Shoe
8. Thermometer
9. Clock
10. Brick
11. Bed
12. Salt
13. Flower
14. Calendar
15. Airplane
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Long-Term Memory
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A Quick Exercise in LTM
Answer the following questions about everyday things that should be in your LTM
1. Whose portrait is on the ten dollar bill?2. What two letters do not appear on a
standard land phone?3. What is the color of the top stripe of the
American flag? 4. The bottom stripe? 5. How many red and how many white
stripes does the flag have?
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FeatureSensoryMemory
Working Memory
LTM
Encoding Copy Phonemic Semantic
Capacity Unlimited7±2
ChunksVery Large
Duration 0.25 sec. 20 sec. Years
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RetrievalRecall vs. Recognition, Part 1
◦Write down the number of any word that you believe is misspelled.
1. Acomplishment2. Acheivement3. Consolidate4. Consistant5. Reccommend6. Maintainance
Write out the word with the correct spelling.
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Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1I
1. Accomplishment2. Achievement3. Consolidate4. Consistent5. Recommend6. Maintenance
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More recall vs. recognitionOn the sheet of paper, write
down as many of the names of the seven dwarfs from the Disney version of Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs.
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Snow White and the 7 DwarfsSniffy Ziggy Happy
Skippy
Dopey Stumbly DocGiggly
Scooby GrumpyStubby Goofy
Bashful ScrappySleepy Snoozy
Bossy SneezyWheezy Giggles
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Watch and listen carefully . . .
G X C O T R L M B W Q
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Silently, begin counting backwards by threes from 100 until I tell you to stop.
100 . . . 97 . . . 94 . . .
• G X C O T R L M B W Q
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Proactive or Retroactive Interference?
Proactive – (forward-acting) the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Retroactive – (backward-acting) the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
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