MEMILIH ALAT ANALISIS PENELITIAN EKONOMI
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Transcript of MEMILIH ALAT ANALISIS PENELITIAN EKONOMI
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MEMILIH ALAT ANALISIS
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ALAT ANALISIS
Alat analisis yang tepat adalah yang sesuai
dengan tujuan penelitian
Setiap alat analisis memiliki persyaratan dan
keterbatasan tertentu
Alat analisis kuantitatif pada saat ini
mendominasi
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PENELITIAN DISKRIPTIF
Banyak menggunakan descriptive statistics. They
provide simple summaries about the object and the
measures.
A single variable/object has three major
characteristics that are typically described as follows:
The distribution
The central tendency
The dispersion
The ratios,etc
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DISTRIBUTION
The distribution is a summary of the frequency of individual values or ranges of values for a variable.
One of the most common ways to describe a single variable is with a frequency distribution. Frequency distributions can be depicted in two ways, as a table or as a graph.
Distributions can also be displayed using percentages or nominal number
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CENTRAL TENDENCY
The central tendency of a distribution is an
estimate of the “center” of a distribution of
values. There are three major types of
estimates of central tendency:
Mean (rata-rata)
Median (nilai tengah)
Mode (modus)
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DISPERSION
Dispersion refers to the spread of the values
around the central tendency. The two common
measures of dispersion are the range and the
standard deviation.
The standard deviation allows us to reach some
conclusions about specific scores in our
distribution.
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15,20,21,20,36,15,25,15
Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal or bell-shaped (or close to it!), the following conclusions can be reached: approximately 69% of the scores in the sample fall within
one standard deviation of the mean
approximately 95% of the scores in the sample fall within two standard deviations of the mean
approximately 99% of the scores in the sample fall within three standard deviations of the mean
N 8,0000
Mean 20,8750
Median 20,0000
Mode 15,0000
Standard Deviation 7,0799
Variance 50,1250
Range 21,0000
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RATIOS
Perbandingan antara satu (lebih) indikator
dengan indikator lain
Menggambarkan proporsi sesuatu terhadap
sesuatu lainnya untuk menunjukkan sesuatu
indikator baru
Secara teknis sederhana, hasilnya dapat
diperbandingkan antara satu entitas dengan
entitas lainnya
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RATIOS
Digunakan untuk mengukur data mikro (ex.
Perusahaan) maupun makro (ex. Negara)
DI konven telah banyak dikenal ratios standar
Untuk ekis masih terbuka luas untuk berkreasi,
mengingat ada perbedaan indikator yag
dikehendaki
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PENELITIAN KOMPARATIF
Fokus adalah mencari perbedaan
Perbedaan bisa ditentukan secara kualitatif
diskriptif atau menggunakan statistik
inferensial
Banyak alat uji statistik yang bertujuan untuk
menguji perbedaan nilai antara dua variabel
atau lebih
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ALAT UJI BEDA
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Mann Whitney U test
Chi Square test
Kolmogorov test
Anova
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ESENSI UJI BEDA
Kita punya hipotesa:
Ho : U1 = U2
HA : U1 ≠ U2
Pengujian untuk menolak atau tidak menolak
hipotesis
Jika menolak Ho (tidak menolak HA), artinya
ada perbedaan, vice versa
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PENELITIAN RELATIONAL
Korelasi seringkali dianggap kurang memadai,
lebih baik kausalitas
Korelasi/kausalitas bivariat atau multivariat
Ada banyak alat uji korelasi, tetapi pada saat
ini metode regresi dipandang lebih
menyeluruh.
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ALAT UJI KORELASI
teknik Var 1 Var 2 ket
Product
moment
Cont cont
Rank diff
(rho)
Rank rank N<30
Kendall’s
Tau
Rank rank N<10
Cor. ration Cont cont Nonlinear
relation
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CORRELATION VS. REGRESSION
Correlation analysis is used to measure strength of the association (linear relationship) between two variables
Correlation is only concerned with strength of the relationship
No causal effect is implied with correlation
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REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Regression analysis is used to:
Predict the value of a dependent variable based on the
value of at least one independent variable
Explain the impact of changes in an independent variable
on the dependent variable
Dependent variable: the variable we wish to predict or explain
Independent variable: the variable used to explain
the dependent variable
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REGRESI
Kelebihan regresi
Melihat korelasi sekaligus kausalitas
Mengukur besaran korelasi sekaligus
signifikansinya, baik secara parsial maupun
menyeluruh
Karena mengukur kausalitas, maka dapat
digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi
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PROSEDUR REGRESI
Rumuskan hubungan antar var dalam fungsi
matematik dan statistik
Mencari nilai parameter var berdasarkan data
Pengujian validitas:
Uji teori
Uji statistik
Uji ekonometrik