Members of the original Quorum of the Twelve ApostlesMembers of the original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Top row, left to right: . Top row, left to right: Thomas B. Marsh (no picture available), David W. Patten (no picture available), Thomas B. Marsh (no picture available), David W. Patten (no picture available), Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball. Middle row: Orson Hyde, William E. Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball. Middle row: Orson Hyde, William E. Mc’Lellin, Parley P. Pratt, Luke S. Johnson. Bottom row: William B. Smith, Mc’Lellin, Parley P. Pratt, Luke S. Johnson. Bottom row: William B. Smith, Orson Pratt, John F. Boynton, Lyman E. JohnsonOrson Pratt, John F. Boynton, Lyman E. Johnson (1835). (1835).

KirtlandKirtland

Original plansOriginal plans

More original plansMore original plans

More plansMore plans

Kirtland Temple Side ViewKirtland Temple Side View

Kirtland Temple rear viewKirtland Temple rear view. The central panel of the lower windows (the arched . The central panel of the lower windows (the arched window) is the window of the Holy of Holies of the temple. It was inside this window) is the window of the Holy of Holies of the temple. It was inside this window that Jehovah, Moses, Elias, and Elijah appeared to Joseph Smith and window that Jehovah, Moses, Elias, and Elijah appeared to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery (110). The most upper room (third floor) open into the fifth Oliver Cowdery (110). The most upper room (third floor) open into the fifth room where the vision of the Celestial Kingdom was given (137). room where the vision of the Celestial Kingdom was given (137).

Kirtland Temple Front ViewKirtland Temple Front View

Melchizedek Pulpits: Located on the west end of Melchizedek Pulpits: Located on the west end of the first floor.the first floor.

Melchizedek Pulpits and VeilMelchizedek Pulpits and Veil

On April 3, 1836On April 3, 1836, Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery dropped the veil that separated the , Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery dropped the veil that separated the pulpits from the rest of the room and offered prayer.  In response to that prayer, one of pulpits from the rest of the room and offered prayer.  In response to that prayer, one of the most important events of the restoration took place.  First, Jesus Christ, calling the most important events of the restoration took place.  First, Jesus Christ, calling himself Jehovah, appeared.  After his appearance, Moses, Elias, and Elijah appeared himself Jehovah, appeared.  After his appearance, Moses, Elias, and Elijah appeared committing the necessary keys to perform temple ordinances (D&C 110). committing the necessary keys to perform temple ordinances (D&C 110).

Across the front of the pulpits is a Across the front of the pulpits is a folding sacrament table shaped like an oxen folding sacrament table shaped like an oxen yokeyoke. The Melchizedek Priesthood pulpits represent the line of authority in the . The Melchizedek Priesthood pulpits represent the line of authority in the Melchizedek Priesthood. Melchizedek Priesthood.

P.E.M.P.E.M. = = Presidency Elders Melchizedek Presidency Elders Melchizedek = = EldersElders (bottom row)(bottom row)

M.H.P.M.H.P. == Melchizedek High PriesthoodMelchizedek High Priesthood

== High Priests (second row from High Priests (second row from bottom)bottom)

P.M.H.P.M.H. == Presiding Melchizedek High Presiding Melchizedek High Priesthood Priesthood

== Quorum of the Twelve Quorum of the Twelve

(third row from bottom)(third row from bottom)

M.P.C.M.P.C. == Melchizedek Presiding CouncilMelchizedek Presiding Council

First Presidency First Presidency (top row)(top row)

This is an inside view of the translating room, president’s office. Hebrew This is an inside view of the translating room, president’s office. Hebrew School was held here in Jan. and March of 1836. Anointing heads with oil was School was held here in Jan. and March of 1836. Anointing heads with oil was done here. done here.

Doctrine and Covenants 137 (vision Doctrine and Covenants 137 (vision of the celestial kingdom) was of the celestial kingdom) was received in that roomreceived in that room. .

Joseph also beheld the Twelve Apostles of the Joseph also beheld the Twelve Apostles of the Lamb who were then on the earth, who held Lamb who were then on the earth, who held the keys of this last ministry, in foreign lands, the keys of this last ministry, in foreign lands, standing together in a circle, much fatigued, standing together in a circle, much fatigued, with their clothes tattered and feet swollen, with their clothes tattered and feet swollen, with their eyes cast downward, and Jesus with their eyes cast downward, and Jesus standing in their midst, and they did not standing in their midst, and they did not behold Him. The Savior looked upon them behold Him. The Savior looked upon them and wept.and wept.

Joseph beheld Elder McLellin in the south, standing Joseph beheld Elder McLellin in the south, standing upon a hill, surrounded by a vast multitude, upon a hill, surrounded by a vast multitude, preaching to them, and a lame man standing preaching to them, and a lame man standing before him supported by his crutches; he threw before him supported by his crutches; he threw them down at his word and leaped as a hart, by them down at his word and leaped as a hart, by the mighty power of God. Also, I saw Elder the mighty power of God. Also, I saw Elder Brigham Young standing in a strange land, in the Brigham Young standing in a strange land, in the far south and west, in a desert place, upon a rock far south and west, in a desert place, upon a rock in the midst of about a dozen men of color, who in the midst of about a dozen men of color, who appeared hostile. He was preaching to them in appeared hostile. He was preaching to them in their own tongue, and the angel of God standing their own tongue, and the angel of God standing above his head, with a drawn sword in his hand, above his head, with a drawn sword in his hand, protecting him, but he did not see it. And I finally protecting him, but he did not see it. And I finally saw the Twelve in the celestial kingdom of God. I saw the Twelve in the celestial kingdom of God. I also beheld the redemption of Zion, and many also beheld the redemption of Zion, and many things which the tongue of man cannot describe in things which the tongue of man cannot describe in full (full (HCHC, 2:380-81)., 2:380-81).

The third level was divided into five rooms. Windows on both the north and The third level was divided into five rooms. Windows on both the north and south sides of each room. The fifth or last room on the west side was the south sides of each room. The fifth or last room on the west side was the translating room.translating room.

Glorious Days in KirtlandGlorious Days in Kirtland

The Egyptian MummiesThe Egyptian Mummies::

Joseph purchased them (4) in July of 1835 from a man named Joseph purchased them (4) in July of 1835 from a man named Michael Chandler who lived in Philadelphia. Michael Chandler who lived in Philadelphia.

The mummies came from tomb #22 in the “Valley of the Kings” The mummies came from tomb #22 in the “Valley of the Kings” in Egypt (King Tutt’s tomb is #62).in Egypt (King Tutt’s tomb is #62).

The scroll of Abraham was never translated in it’s entirety. The scroll of Abraham was never translated in it’s entirety.

It was purchased for somewhere in the range of $2,000- $2,400 It was purchased for somewhere in the range of $2,000- $2,400 dollars.dollars.

W.W. Phelps and Oliver Cowdery scribed as Joseph began W.W. Phelps and Oliver Cowdery scribed as Joseph began translating the papyri in 1835.translating the papyri in 1835.

The mummies had been discovered on the west bank of The mummies had been discovered on the west bank of the Nile River across from the ancient city of Thebes by the Nile River across from the ancient city of Thebes by Antonio Lebolo, and Italian who was licensed by the Antonio Lebolo, and Italian who was licensed by the French government to deal I artifacts. In 1830, following French government to deal I artifacts. In 1830, following Lebolo’s death in Italy, eleven of the mummies and some Lebolo’s death in Italy, eleven of the mummies and some of the ancient papyri were shipped to the United States; of the ancient papyri were shipped to the United States; and in the spring of 1833 they were claimed by Chandler, and in the spring of 1833 they were claimed by Chandler, Lebolo’s nephew. A man at the customs house told Lebolo’s nephew. A man at the customs house told Chandler that no one in Philadelphia could translate the Chandler that no one in Philadelphia could translate the papyrus, but he referred Chandler to Joseph Smith, who papyrus, but he referred Chandler to Joseph Smith, who “possesses some kind of power or gifts, by which he had “possesses some kind of power or gifts, by which he had previously translated similar characters” (previously translated similar characters” (HCHC, 2:349)., 2:349).

Mr. Chandler, gave Joseph by way of a test, to see if he Mr. Chandler, gave Joseph by way of a test, to see if he could translate the characters. The Prophet translated could translate the characters. The Prophet translated the characters and returned them, to Mr. Chandler (the characters and returned them, to Mr. Chandler (JDJD 20:65).20:65).

After seeing the characters that Joseph translated, Chandler After seeing the characters that Joseph translated, Chandler gave the following account:gave the following account:

Kirtland, July 6, 1835Kirtland, July 6, 1835

This is to make known to all who may be desirous, This is to make known to all who may be desirous, concerning the knowledge of Mr. Joseph Smith, Jun., in concerning the knowledge of Mr. Joseph Smith, Jun., in deciphering the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic characters in deciphering the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic characters in my possession, which I have, I in many eminent cities, my possession, which I have, I in many eminent cities, showed to the most learned; and, from the information that I showed to the most learned; and, from the information that I could ever learn, or meet with, I find that of Mr. Joseph Smith, could ever learn, or meet with, I find that of Mr. Joseph Smith, Jun., to correspond in the most minute matters.Jun., to correspond in the most minute matters.

Michael H. Chandler, Traveling with, and proprietor of, Michael H. Chandler, Traveling with, and proprietor of, Egyptian Mummies (Egyptian Mummies (HCHC, 2:235)., 2:235).

Chandler subsequently settled near Kirtland, in Parkman, Chandler subsequently settled near Kirtland, in Parkman, Ohio.Ohio.

Oliver Cowdery gave a vivid description of the records of Oliver Cowdery gave a vivid description of the records of Abraham and Joseph. “The record is written in papyrus with Abraham and Joseph. “The record is written in papyrus with black, and a small part, red ink or paint, in perfect black, and a small part, red ink or paint, in perfect preservation. The characters are such as you find upon the preservation. The characters are such as you find upon the coffins of mummies, hieroglyphics and etc. with many coffins of mummies, hieroglyphics and etc. with many characters or letters exactly like the present, though characters or letters exactly like the present, though perhaps not quite so square form of the Hebrew without perhaps not quite so square form of the Hebrew without points” (Oliver Cowdery to Mr. Wm. Frye, Esq., December points” (Oliver Cowdery to Mr. Wm. Frye, Esq., December 22, 1835, in Stanley R. Gunn, 22, 1835, in Stanley R. Gunn, Oliver Cowdery, Second Elder Oliver Cowdery, Second Elder and Scribeand Scribe (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1962, 235-36). (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1962, 235-36).

A certificate signed by six Philadelphia doctors described the A certificate signed by six Philadelphia doctors described the mummies and also the writing: “The features of some of the mummies and also the writing: “The features of some of the mummies are perfect expression. The papyrus covered with mummies are perfect expression. The papyrus covered with black or red ink, or paint, in excellent preservation, are very black or red ink, or paint, in excellent preservation, are very interesting” (Oliver Cowdery to Mr. Wm. Frye, Esq., interesting” (Oliver Cowdery to Mr. Wm. Frye, Esq., December 22, 1835, in Stanley R. Gunn, December 22, 1835, in Stanley R. Gunn, Oliver Cowdery, Oliver Cowdery, Second Elder and Scribe Second Elder and Scribe (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1962, (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1962, 237).237).

““Much to our joy found that one of the rolls contained the Much to our joy found that one of the rolls contained the writings of Abraham, another the writings of Joseph of writings of Abraham, another the writings of Joseph of Egypt (Egypt (HC,HC, 2:236). 2:236).

The Prophet translated the scrolls at home until January The Prophet translated the scrolls at home until January 1836, when the upper west room in the temple was 1836, when the upper west room in the temple was designated as a translating room.designated as a translating room.

During the translation, Joseph “engaged in translating an During the translation, Joseph “engaged in translating an alphabet to the Book of Abraham, and arranging a alphabet to the Book of Abraham, and arranging a grammar of the Egyptian language as practiced by the grammar of the Egyptian language as practiced by the ancients” (ancients” (HCHC, 2:238)., 2:238).

Unexpected knowledge came as a by-product of these Unexpected knowledge came as a by-product of these efforts, for he stated that he learned principles of efforts, for he stated that he learned principles of astronomy from the writings of Abraham and “many astronomy from the writings of Abraham and “many things concerning the dealing of God with the ancients, things concerning the dealing of God with the ancients, and the formation of the planetary system” (and the formation of the planetary system” (HCHC, 2:334). , 2:334).

The artifacts were later put on display The artifacts were later put on display in the translating room in the temple. in the translating room in the temple. Wilford Woodruff, who visited the room, Wilford Woodruff, who visited the room, said: “We…viewed four Egyptian said: “We…viewed four Egyptian mummies and also the Book of mummies and also the Book of Abraham written by his own hand and Abraham written by his own hand and not only the hieroglyphics but also not only the hieroglyphics but also many figures that this previous many figures that this previous treasure contains are calculated to treasure contains are calculated to make a lasting impression upon the make a lasting impression upon the mind which is not to be erased” mind which is not to be erased” ((Kirtland Diary of Wilford WoodruffKirtland Diary of Wilford Woodruff, , 371).371).

First Two Stakes of the ChurchFirst Two Stakes of the Church::

1. Kirtland Stake1. Kirtland Stake -- Joseph Smith Jr.Joseph Smith Jr.

2. Liberty Stake2. Liberty Stake -- David WhitmerDavid Whitmer

Oliver Cowdery served as assistant to the Oliver Cowdery served as assistant to the President of the Church.President of the Church.

Keep in mind that the men on the High Keep in mind that the men on the High Council were viewed like today’s General Council were viewed like today’s General Authorities.Authorities.

Future Presidents of the ChurchFuture Presidents of the Church::

It was in Kirtland that Joseph Smith groomed four It was in Kirtland that Joseph Smith groomed four future presidents of the Church for future presidents of the Church for responsibilities to come. responsibilities to come. Brigham Young, John Brigham Young, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, and Lorenzo SnowTaylor, Wilford Woodruff, and Lorenzo Snow were were baptized during the Kirtland years and led the baptized during the Kirtland years and led the Church, in succession, until 1901.Church, in succession, until 1901.

In addition, the next three presidents --- Joseph F. In addition, the next three presidents --- Joseph F. Smith, Heber J. Grant, and George Albert Smith, Smith, Heber J. Grant, and George Albert Smith, whose administrations lasted until 1951 --- were whose administrations lasted until 1951 --- were direct descendants of stalwart Kirtland pioneers.direct descendants of stalwart Kirtland pioneers.

Seven months after his baptism, Brigham Young Seven months after his baptism, Brigham Young met the Prophet. He described the experiencemet the Prophet. He described the experience..

In September, 1832, Brother Heber C. Kimball took his horse In September, 1832, Brother Heber C. Kimball took his horse and wagon, Brother Joseph and myself accompanying him, and and wagon, Brother Joseph and myself accompanying him, and started for Kirtland to see the Prophet Joseph. We visited started for Kirtland to see the Prophet Joseph. We visited many friends on the way, and some branches of the many friends on the way, and some branches of the Church….We proceeded to Kirtland and stopped at John P. Church….We proceeded to Kirtland and stopped at John P. Greene’s, who had just arrived there with his family. We Greene’s, who had just arrived there with his family. We rested a few minutes, took some refreshments and started to rested a few minutes, took some refreshments and started to see the Prophet. We went to his father’s house and learned see the Prophet. We went to his father’s house and learned that he was in the woods chopping. We immediately repaired that he was in the woods chopping. We immediately repaired to the woods, where we found the Prophet, and two or three of to the woods, where we found the Prophet, and two or three of his brothers, chopping and hauling wood. Here my joy was full his brothers, chopping and hauling wood. Here my joy was full at the privilege of shaking the hand of the Prophet of God, and at the privilege of shaking the hand of the Prophet of God, and receiving the sure testimony, by the spirit of prophecy, that he receiving the sure testimony, by the spirit of prophecy, that he was all that any man could believe him to be as a true prophet was all that any man could believe him to be as a true prophet ((Millennial Star Millennial Star 25:439, in 25:439, in History of the Church History of the Church 1:297).1:297).

John TaylorJohn Taylor, who had been a Methodist preacher , who had been a Methodist preacher in Canada, first came to Kirtland in 1837, almost in Canada, first came to Kirtland in 1837, almost one year after he was converted by Elder Pratt. one year after he was converted by Elder Pratt. Although hesitant at first to listen to Elder Pratt, Although hesitant at first to listen to Elder Pratt, John gradually warmed up to the message John gradually warmed up to the message brought from Kirtland. He boldly told a group of brought from Kirtland. He boldly told a group of friends, “I desire to investigate his doctrines and friends, “I desire to investigate his doctrines and claims to authority, and shall be very glad if some claims to authority, and shall be very glad if some of my friends will unite with me in this of my friends will unite with me in this investigation. But if no one will unite with me, be investigation. But if no one will unite with me, be assured I shall make the investigation alone. If I assured I shall make the investigation alone. If I find his religion true, I shall accept it, no matter find his religion true, I shall accept it, no matter what the consequences may be; and if false, then what the consequences may be; and if false, then I shall expose it (B. H. Roberts, I shall expose it (B. H. Roberts, The Life of John The Life of John TaylorTaylor, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1963, 37-38)., Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1963, 37-38).

Lorenzo SnowLorenzo Snow, who lived near Kirtland, experienced a , who lived near Kirtland, experienced a spiritual conversion similar to that of the other future prophets. spiritual conversion similar to that of the other future prophets. He first met Joseph Smith at the John Johnson home in Hiram, He first met Joseph Smith at the John Johnson home in Hiram, Ohio:Ohio:

As I looked upon him and listened, I thought to myself that a As I looked upon him and listened, I thought to myself that a man bearing such a wonderful testimony as he did, and have man bearing such a wonderful testimony as he did, and have such a countenance as he possessed, could hardly be a false such a countenance as he possessed, could hardly be a false prophet. He certainly could not have been deceived, it seemed prophet. He certainly could not have been deceived, it seemed to me, and if he was a deceiver he was deceiving the people to me, and if he was a deceiver he was deceiving the people knowingly; for when he testified that he had a conversation knowingly; for when he testified that he had a conversation with Jesus, the Son of God, and had talked with him personally, with Jesus, the Son of God, and had talked with him personally, as Moses talked with God upon Mount Sinai, and that he had as Moses talked with God upon Mount Sinai, and that he had also heard the voice of the Father, he was telling something also heard the voice of the Father, he was telling something that he ether knew to be false or to be positively true. There that he ether knew to be false or to be positively true. There for the first time I heard his voice. When I heard his testimony for the first time I heard his voice. When I heard his testimony in regard to what the Lord had revealed to him, it seemed to in regard to what the Lord had revealed to him, it seemed to me that he must be an honest man. He talked and looked like me that he must be an honest man. He talked and looked like an honest man. He was an honest man (LeRoi C. Snow, “an honest man. He was an honest man (LeRoi C. Snow, “How How Lorenzo Snow Found GodLorenzo Snow Found God,” 83).,” 83).

At a meeting at the schoolhouse on the hill above the Morley Farm, At a meeting at the schoolhouse on the hill above the Morley Farm, Wilford WoodruffWilford Woodruff heard the Prophet make an astounding prophecy: heard the Prophet make an astounding prophecy:

On Sunday night the Prophet called all who held the Priesthood to On Sunday night the Prophet called all who held the Priesthood to gather into the little log school house. I was a small house, perhaps gather into the little log school house. I was a small house, perhaps 14 feet square. It held the whole of the Priesthood of the Church in 14 feet square. It held the whole of the Priesthood of the Church in who were then in town.who were then in town.

The Prophet said, “Brethren, I have been very much edified and The Prophet said, “Brethren, I have been very much edified and instructed in your testimonies here tonight. But I want to say to you instructed in your testimonies here tonight. But I want to say to you before the Lord, that you know no more concerning the destinies of before the Lord, that you know no more concerning the destinies of this Church and kingdom than a babe upon it’s mother’s lap. You this Church and kingdom than a babe upon it’s mother’s lap. You don’t comprehend it.” I was rather surprised. He said, “It is only a don’t comprehend it.” I was rather surprised. He said, “It is only a little handful of Priesthood you see here tonight, but this Church will little handful of Priesthood you see here tonight, but this Church will fill North and South America – it will fill the world….This people will go fill North and South America – it will fill the world….This people will go into the Rocky Mountains; they will there build temples to the Most into the Rocky Mountains; they will there build temples to the Most High. They will raise up a posterity there” (High. They will raise up a posterity there” (Conference ReportConference Report, April , April 6, 1898, 57).6, 1898, 57).

Though Though Wilford Woodruff Wilford Woodruff recorded the recorded the instruction and prophecy, he did not instruction and prophecy, he did not understand it at the time. Sixty-four years understand it at the time. Sixty-four years later, however, standing in the Tabernacle later, however, standing in the Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, he declared: “I want to in Salt Lake City, he declared: “I want to bear my testimony before God, angels and bear my testimony before God, angels and men that mine eyes behold the day, and men that mine eyes behold the day, and have beheld for the last fifty years of my have beheld for the last fifty years of my life, the fulfillment of the prophecy. I never life, the fulfillment of the prophecy. I never expected to see the Rocky Mountains when expected to see the Rocky Mountains when I listened to that man’s voice, but I have, I listened to that man’s voice, but I have, and do today” (and do today” (Conference ReportConference Report, April 6, , April 6, 1989, 57).1989, 57).

The Steve Young StoryThe Steve Young Story 22,000 cars passed through the street every 22,000 cars passed through the street every

day that separated the different Church day that separated the different Church Historical sites in Kirtland.Historical sites in Kirtland.

President Kimball was almost hit by a car while President Kimball was almost hit by a car while crossing the street during a visit.crossing the street during a visit.

Karl Anderson was asked by the “Brethren” to Karl Anderson was asked by the “Brethren” to try and convince the City Council to change the try and convince the City Council to change the roadway so it would be safer.roadway so it would be safer.

The council met on the subject, but voted it The council met on the subject, but voted it down.down.

Later that same month Steve Young and Joe Montana Later that same month Steve Young and Joe Montana were pictured in the May 31st, 1993 Sports Illustrated.were pictured in the May 31st, 1993 Sports Illustrated.

Steve Young just happened to be wearing his lucky Steve Young just happened to be wearing his lucky “Kirtland t-shirt” that read ““Kirtland t-shirt” that read “Kirtland, City of Faith and Kirtland, City of Faith and BeautyBeauty.” .”

In the article Steve Young mentioned that he wore the t-In the article Steve Young mentioned that he wore the t-shirt under his shoulder pads for all of his games and that shirt under his shoulder pads for all of his games and that it was his lucky t-shirt.it was his lucky t-shirt.

Some of the locals in Kirtland saw the picture and were Some of the locals in Kirtland saw the picture and were pretty excited about it.pretty excited about it.

By chanceBy chance (?) Steve Young was scheduled to play an (?) Steve Young was scheduled to play an exhibition football game in Ohio later that month and was exhibition football game in Ohio later that month and was asked by the “Brethren” to pitch the idea again of asked by the “Brethren” to pitch the idea again of changing the street so it would be safer. Amazingly, this changing the street so it would be safer. Amazingly, this time it passed 7-0.time it passed 7-0.

The Church paid for all the work that was done.The Church paid for all the work that was done.

Newel K. Whitney Store and HomeNewel K. Whitney Store and Home

Newel K. Whitney StoreNewel K. Whitney Store

The Kirtland TempleThe Kirtland Temple

D&C 108-109D&C 108-109

Dedicatory prayers are always read (Some Dedicatory prayers are always read (Some members left the Church over it).members left the Church over it).

The dedicatory prayer was pronounced by The dedicatory prayer was pronounced by Joseph Smith in the afternoon. Joseph Smith in the afternoon.

Joseph announced that Peter the Apostle had Joseph announced that Peter the Apostle had been in their midst to accept the dedicationbeen in their midst to accept the dedication..

Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Warren Cowdery and Elder W. Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Warren Cowdery and Elder W. Parrish, and myself assisted in writing a prayer for the Parrish, and myself assisted in writing a prayer for the dedication of the house (dedication of the house (Oliver Cowdery’s JournalOliver Cowdery’s Journal).).

The Kirtland Temple cost $70,000 dollars and took three The Kirtland Temple cost $70,000 dollars and took three years to build at great sacrifice to the people. years to build at great sacrifice to the people.

Neither the Church not its poverty-stricken members had Neither the Church not its poverty-stricken members had ever undertaken such a task. The cost of the building, ever undertaken such a task. The cost of the building, estimated at about $40,000, was a staggering sum for the estimated at about $40,000, was a staggering sum for the 1830’s (This $40,000 figure is used by many early sources, 1830’s (This $40,000 figure is used by many early sources, including John Corrill, including John Corrill, A Brief History of the Church of Jesus A Brief History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Christ of Latter Day (St. Louis, 1839), 21; Christopher Crary; (St. Louis, 1839), 21; Christopher Crary; James Eells; Frederick Mather; and James Eells; Frederick Mather; and History of Lake and History of Lake and Geauga CountiesGeauga Counties..

Relative to the meager Relative to the meager resources of the Saints resources of the Saints at the time, the Kirtland at the time, the Kirtland Temple is probably the Temple is probably the most costly temple ever most costly temple ever constructed by the constructed by the Church.Church.

The Church still owed $13,000 dollars on the The Church still owed $13,000 dollars on the Kirtland Temple and took collections at the door Kirtland Temple and took collections at the door on the day of the dedication. on the day of the dedication.

They raised $1,000 dollars that day.They raised $1,000 dollars that day.

Frazier EatonFrazier Eaton donated $700 dollars and was donated $700 dollars and was not allowed in the Temple because he arrived not allowed in the Temple because he arrived late and no seating was available. late and no seating was available.

Frazier felt like his substantial donation Frazier felt like his substantial donation guaranteed him a “saved seat” for the guaranteed him a “saved seat” for the dedication.dedication.

He left the Church because of it.He left the Church because of it.

The Kirtland Temple was dedicated on The Kirtland Temple was dedicated on March 27March 27thth, 1836., 1836.

It was never intended to be a full It was never intended to be a full endowment houseendowment house..

The First Presidency provided the The First Presidency provided the ushering at the dedicatory service.ushering at the dedicatory service.

The “The “Spirit of GodSpirit of God” was sung by the ” was sung by the Saints and it is still sung today at every Saints and it is still sung today at every Temple dedication.Temple dedication.

The Service lasted The Service lasted 7 hours7 hours and no one left. and no one left.

About 800 Saints were turned away and went to About 800 Saints were turned away and went to the school house and conducted a meeting of the school house and conducted a meeting of their own.their own.

The Sacrament was passed. The Sacrament was passed. Frederick G. Frederick G. Williams saw the SaviorWilliams saw the Savior, , Peter attended and sat Peter attended and sat by Joseph Smith Srby Joseph Smith Sr. .

Joseph blessed the congregation, Joseph blessed the congregation, and the and the meeting concluded with the Hosanna Shoutmeeting concluded with the Hosanna Shout..

That evening 416 bearers of the priesthood That evening 416 bearers of the priesthood gathered and witnessed more marvelous gathered and witnessed more marvelous manifestations.manifestations.

Of these days in Kirtland Elder Heber C. Of these days in Kirtland Elder Heber C. Kimball in his Journal saidKimball in his Journal said: :

““The Church was in a state of poverty and distress, in The Church was in a state of poverty and distress, in consequence of which it appeared almost impossible consequence of which it appeared almost impossible that the commandments could be fulfilled relative to that the commandments could be fulfilled relative to the Kirtland Temple; at the same time our enemies the Kirtland Temple; at the same time our enemies were raging and threatening destruction upon us, and were raging and threatening destruction upon us, and we had to guard ourselves night after night, and for we had to guard ourselves night after night, and for weeks were not permitted to take off our clothes, and weeks were not permitted to take off our clothes, and were obliged to lay with our fire locks in our arms” were obliged to lay with our fire locks in our arms” ((Times and Seasons, Times and Seasons, vol. vi, 771).vol. vi, 771).

Though many contributions were collected, at least Though many contributions were collected, at least fourteen thousand dollars had to be borrowed to fourteen thousand dollars had to be borrowed to finance the temple (Messenger and Advocate 3 April, finance the temple (Messenger and Advocate 3 April, 1837: 488; John Corrill, 1837: 488; John Corrill, A Brief History of the Church of A Brief History of the Church of Christ of Latter Day SaintsChrist of Latter Day Saints, 21)., 21).

At a meeting in Kirtland, Joseph Smith asked At a meeting in Kirtland, Joseph Smith asked the brethren for their views about how the the brethren for their views about how the temple was to be constructed. Lucy Mack temple was to be constructed. Lucy Mack Smith described their responses: “Some were Smith described their responses: “Some were in favor of building a frame house, in favor of building a frame house, but others but others were of a mind to put up a log housewere of a mind to put up a log house. Joseph . Joseph reminded them that they were not building a reminded them that they were not building a house for a man, but for God; ‘and shall we, house for a man, but for God; ‘and shall we, brethren,’ said he, ‘build a house for our God, brethren,’ said he, ‘build a house for our God, of logs? No, I have a better plan than that. I of logs? No, I have a better plan than that. I have a plan of the house of the Lord, given by have a plan of the house of the Lord, given by himself; and you shall soon see by this, the himself; and you shall soon see by this, the difference between our calculations and his difference between our calculations and his idea of things’” (Lucy Mack Smith, idea of things’” (Lucy Mack Smith, History of History of Joseph SmithJoseph Smith, 230)., 230).

Initially the brethren desired to construct the temple out of Initially the brethren desired to construct the temple out of brick. brick.

The Stannard Stone Quarry was only two miles away. The Stannard Stone Quarry was only two miles away. Joseph himself helped quarry the stone.Joseph himself helped quarry the stone.

The height of the building was 110 feet to the dome of the The height of the building was 110 feet to the dome of the steeple, so scaffolding was erected. It was very dangerous.steeple, so scaffolding was erected. It was very dangerous.

Daniel Tyler described the results of one accident:Daniel Tyler described the results of one accident:

Father Fisher fell from the scaffold, and was disabled for Father Fisher fell from the scaffold, and was disabled for performing manual labor. He had no way of making money performing manual labor. He had no way of making money and Joseph told him to get a subscription paper and and Joseph told him to get a subscription paper and present it to those who were best able to donate. He did present it to those who were best able to donate. He did as he was directed, and received the full sum of seventy-as he was directed, and received the full sum of seventy-five cents. One person gave fifty and another gave twenty-five cents. One person gave fifty and another gave twenty-five cents.five cents.

This so disgusted the Prophet This so disgusted the Prophet that he preferred a charge that he preferred a charge against them before the High against them before the High Council “for a lack of charity to Council “for a lack of charity to the Church, and benevolence to the Church, and benevolence to the poor.” One of them made a the poor.” One of them made a humble acknowledgment, and humble acknowledgment, and the other was dis-fellowshipped the other was dis-fellowshipped ((Juvenile InstructorJuvenile Instructor, January 15, , January 15, 1880, 283).1880, 283).

One apparently apocryphal story was that the women One apparently apocryphal story was that the women furnished their finest glass and crockery to be mixed with furnished their finest glass and crockery to be mixed with the stucco for the outside walls. And when it was the stucco for the outside walls. And when it was finished, the temple did sparkle when the sun shone on it. finished, the temple did sparkle when the sun shone on it.

The biography of Artemus Millet explained: “When the The biography of Artemus Millet explained: “When the wall of the Temple was finished, Artemus sent men and wall of the Temple was finished, Artemus sent men and boys to the different towns and places to gather old boys to the different towns and places to gather old crockery and glass to put in the cement which he had crockery and glass to put in the cement which he had invented. Not the glass and crockery had any adhesive invented. Not the glass and crockery had any adhesive property but it had its use….Many ladies would smooth property but it had its use….Many ladies would smooth their hands over the plaster, which looked smooth, then their hands over the plaster, which looked smooth, then look at their hands and tell where the fine glass had cut look at their hands and tell where the fine glass had cut them and made them bleed” (Biography of Artemus them and made them bleed” (Biography of Artemus Millet, Millet, Millet Family BookMillet Family Book, 93-95)., 93-95).

Why Why TemplesTemples??

D&C 109:5D&C 109:5

That the Son of Man might have a place to That the Son of Man might have a place to manifest himself to his people.manifest himself to his people.

D&C 109:6-9D&C 109:6-9

A House of learning!A House of learning!

D&C 109:10-14D&C 109:10-14

When dedicating a building, we present if When dedicating a building, we present if officially as our gift to the Lord. This means officially as our gift to the Lord. This means tomorrow morning when anyone enters this tomorrow morning when anyone enters this building, they come here as guests of the Lord. building, they come here as guests of the Lord. It then belongs to him (Boyd K. Packer).It then belongs to him (Boyd K. Packer).

D&C 109:35-37D&C 109:35-37 “Thy Lord’s “Thy Lord’s Acceptance”Acceptance”

D&C 109:44D&C 109:44 “Thy will be done”“Thy will be done”

D&C 109:79-80D&C 109:79-80 “Hosanna”“Hosanna”

The word hosanna as we know it, The word hosanna as we know it, originated from two Hebrew words found originated from two Hebrew words found in Psalm 118:25, and roughly means, in Psalm 118:25, and roughly means, ““save us, we beseech theesave us, we beseech thee.”.”

D&C 110D&C 110

After this meeting, Fast days began and were After this meeting, Fast days began and were held on the first Thursday of every month. It held on the first Thursday of every month. It was an all day event.was an all day event.

The Kirtland Temple was used for many The Kirtland Temple was used for many meetings besides the performance of sacred meetings besides the performance of sacred ordinancesordinances. .

Active and worthy Saints as well as less active Active and worthy Saints as well as less active Saints were invited to attend the meetings held. Saints were invited to attend the meetings held.

Children were also allowed to enter the Temple.Children were also allowed to enter the Temple.

On On April 3April 3rdrd, 1836, 1836, the Jews were expecting Elijah to , the Jews were expecting Elijah to come and he came. It was Easter Sunday --- come and he came. It was Easter Sunday --- Passover Sunday.Passover Sunday.

President Joseph Fielding Smith noted an interesting President Joseph Fielding Smith noted an interesting aspect of Elijah’s return to the earth on April 3aspect of Elijah’s return to the earth on April 3rdrd 1836.1836.

““Edersheim in his work, the Temple says: ‘To this Edersheim in his work, the Temple says: ‘To this day, in every Jewish home, at a certain part of the day, in every Jewish home, at a certain part of the Paschal service (i.e., when they drink the “third Paschal service (i.e., when they drink the “third cup”)- the door is opened to admit Elijah the cup”)- the door is opened to admit Elijah the prophet as forerunner of the Messiah, while prophet as forerunner of the Messiah, while appropriate passages are at the same time read appropriate passages are at the same time read which foretell the destruction of all heathen nations. which foretell the destruction of all heathen nations. It is a remarkable coincidence that, in instituting his It is a remarkable coincidence that, in instituting his own Supper, the Lord Jesus connected the symbols, own Supper, the Lord Jesus connected the symbols, not of judgment, but of his dying love, with his not of judgment, but of his dying love, with his “third cup.’”“third cup.’”

““It was, I am informed, on the third day of It was, I am informed, on the third day of April, 1836, that the Jews in their homes April, 1836, that the Jews in their homes at the Paschal feast, opened their doors at the Paschal feast, opened their doors for Elijah to enter. On that very day Elijah for Elijah to enter. On that very day Elijah did enter – not in the home of the Jews to did enter – not in the home of the Jews to partake of the Passover with them but he partake of the Passover with them but he appeared in the house of the Lord in appeared in the house of the Lord in Kirtland, and there bestowed his keys to Kirtland, and there bestowed his keys to bring to pass the very things for which bring to pass the very things for which these Jews, assembled in their homes, these Jews, assembled in their homes, were seeking” (were seeking” (Doctrine of SalvationDoctrine of Salvation, , 2:100-01).2:100-01).

D&C 110:1-10D&C 110:1-10

““The Lord’s AcceptanceThe Lord’s Acceptance””

Although we do not normally think of the Lord as Although we do not normally think of the Lord as bestowing keys on this occasion, as did the other bestowing keys on this occasion, as did the other heavenly visitors, heavenly visitors, Orson Pratt informs us that He did Orson Pratt informs us that He did indeed give “keys of instruction and counsel and indeed give “keys of instruction and counsel and authority to his servantsauthority to his servants.”.”

MosesMoses::

The main object was to build unto the Lord a house The main object was to build unto the Lord a house whereby He could reveal unto His people the ordinances whereby He could reveal unto His people the ordinances of His house and the glories of His kingdom, and teach of His house and the glories of His kingdom, and teach the people the way of salvation; for there are certain the people the way of salvation; for there are certain ordinances and principles that, when they are taught and ordinances and principles that, when they are taught and practiced, must be done in a place or house built for that practiced, must be done in a place or house built for that purpose (Temple Ordinances).purpose (Temple Ordinances).

EliasElias::

The gospel of Abraham was one of Celestial Marriage. The gospel of Abraham was one of Celestial Marriage. This power and commission is what Elias restored This power and commission is what Elias restored ((Mormon DoctrineMormon Doctrine, 219-20)., 219-20).

A man called Elias apparently lived in mortality in the A man called Elias apparently lived in mortality in the days of Abraham, who committed the dispensation of days of Abraham, who committed the dispensation of the gospel of Abraham to Joseph Smith and Oliver the gospel of Abraham to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery in the Kirtland Temple on April 3Cowdery in the Kirtland Temple on April 3rdrd, 1836. We , 1836. We have no specific information as to the details of his have no specific information as to the details of his mortal life of ministry (mortal life of ministry (Bible DictionaryBible Dictionary, 663)., 663).

ElijahElijah::

Elijah restored the sealing power that comes with the Elijah restored the sealing power that comes with the fullness of the Melchizedek Priesthood (fullness of the Melchizedek Priesthood (TeachingsTeachings, , 330).330).

Three-fold Mission of the ChurchThree-fold Mission of the Church::

1. Perfect the Saints 1. Perfect the Saints -- Gospel of Gospel of AbrahamAbraham

(Elias)(Elias) -- EndowmentEndowment

2. Missionary Work2. Missionary Work -- Gathering of IsraelGathering of Israel

(Moses)(Moses) -- Aaronic PriesthoodAaronic Priesthood

3. Redeem the Dead 3. Redeem the Dead - - Sealing PowerSealing Power

(Elijah)(Elijah) -- Calling and Calling and ElectionElection

D&C 110:11-16D&C 110:11-16

All of this brings us to a most All of this brings us to a most interesting comparison between interesting comparison between the activities that took place at the activities that took place at the Kirtland Temple pulpits during the Kirtland Temple pulpits during the visions we have discussed the visions we have discussed and those that transpired on the and those that transpired on the Mount of Transfiguration Mount of Transfiguration (Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:2-9, Luke (Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:2-9, Luke 9:28-36).9:28-36).

The location was a secluded and high The location was a secluded and high mountain.mountain.

The Savior was engaged in prayer.The Savior was engaged in prayer.

The Savior’s clothing was white.The Savior’s clothing was white.

The angels who appeared on the holy The angels who appeared on the holy mountain were the very same ones that mountain were the very same ones that visited the Kirtland Temple.visited the Kirtland Temple.

A cloud appeared that veiled the Father A cloud appeared that veiled the Father and through which his voice was heard.and through which his voice was heard.

The Father gave his Son “honor and glory,” The Father gave his Son “honor and glory,” which may have reference to the keys of the which may have reference to the keys of the priesthood (D&C 124:34, 95).priesthood (D&C 124:34, 95).

The Savior received the “More Sure Word of The Savior received the “More Sure Word of Prophecy.”Prophecy.”

A vision was seen of the earth in its paradisiacal A vision was seen of the earth in its paradisiacal state.state.

A charge was given by the Savior not to reveal A charge was given by the Savior not to reveal what had been experienced.what had been experienced.

If one considers that the Kirtland Temple pulpits If one considers that the Kirtland Temple pulpits somewhat resemble a miniature mountain, then somewhat resemble a miniature mountain, then the parallels are even more striking.the parallels are even more striking.

John Tanner and His GenerosityJohn Tanner and His Generosity

According to today’s standards John Tanner According to today’s standards John Tanner would be considered a multi-millionaire. would be considered a multi-millionaire.

Jared and Simeon Carter taught and baptized Jared and Simeon Carter taught and baptized him. him.

It took John Tanner two years to liquidate all of It took John Tanner two years to liquidate all of his assets and join the Church.his assets and join the Church.

In 1834 the Church was $2,000 dollars in debt In 1834 the Church was $2,000 dollars in debt for the Temple property and John Tanner gladly for the Temple property and John Tanner gladly paid it.paid it.

Shortly after he had bailed the church out with Shortly after he had bailed the church out with $2,000 dollars for the temple property, the $2,000 dollars for the temple property, the Prophet again, needed more money for the Prophet again, needed more money for the Church. Church.

John Tanner gave him $15,000 dollars. Joseph John Tanner gave him $15,000 dollars. Joseph gave him a note stating that the Church would gave him a note stating that the Church would pay him back in full.pay him back in full.

Ten years later on the streets of Nauvoo, Joseph Ten years later on the streets of Nauvoo, Joseph came upon across John Tanner. He was came upon across John Tanner. He was embarrassed and apologized for not having paid embarrassed and apologized for not having paid back the money he owed. back the money he owed.

John Tanner said, “you owe me nothing.” He John Tanner said, “you owe me nothing.” He then took the promissory note Joseph had given then took the promissory note Joseph had given him in Kirtland and burned it in the fire. him in Kirtland and burned it in the fire.

Joseph began to weep and asked if he Joseph began to weep and asked if he could give him a blessing. John could give him a blessing. John accepted his request and Joseph placed accepted his request and Joseph placed his hands on his head and blessed him his hands on his head and blessed him saying, “saying, “Because of your faith and Because of your faith and obedience, there will never come a time obedience, there will never come a time when your family will want for temporal when your family will want for temporal thingsthings.” .”

John Tanner was a faithful man and was John Tanner was a faithful man and was blessed with many descendants (N. blessed with many descendants (N. Eldon Tanner and O.C. Tanner, to name Eldon Tanner and O.C. Tanner, to name a few).a few).

My mother comes from the Tanner line!My mother comes from the Tanner line!

Appearance of the Father and the SonAppearance of the Father and the Son::

The visions and appearances of Deity in the Kirtland The visions and appearances of Deity in the Kirtland area that have been documented number at least area that have been documented number at least into the teens and took place at four separate sites:into the teens and took place at four separate sites:

Joseph Smith, Lyman Wight, and Harvey WhitlockJoseph Smith, Lyman Wight, and Harvey Whitlock received a vision of both God the Father and his received a vision of both God the Father and his Son, Jesus Christ, in the log schoolhouse on the Son, Jesus Christ, in the log schoolhouse on the Isaac Morely farm during a conference held from Isaac Morely farm during a conference held from June 3-6, 1831. June 3-6, 1831. Levi HancockLevi Hancock recorded that the recorded that the Prophet was speaking to the elders when he Prophet was speaking to the elders when he “stepped out on the floor and said, ‘I now see God, “stepped out on the floor and said, ‘I now see God, and Jesus Christ at his right hand, let them kill me, I and Jesus Christ at his right hand, let them kill me, I should not feel death as I am now’” (should not feel death as I am now’” (The Life of Levi The Life of Levi HancockHancock, 33)., 33).

On February 16, 1832On February 16, 1832: :

In an upper room of the John Johnson home at In an upper room of the John Johnson home at Hiram, Joseph Smith and Sidney RigdonHiram, Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon received received a glorious vision in which they beheld the Father a glorious vision in which they beheld the Father and the Son as well as “the holy angels, and them and the Son as well as “the holy angels, and them who are sanctified before his throne” (D&C who are sanctified before his throne” (D&C 76:21).76:21).

At this time, both Joseph Smith and Sidney At this time, both Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon were permitted to see in vision the fall of Rigdon were permitted to see in vision the fall of Lucifer, which gave them an understanding of Lucifer, which gave them an understanding of Lucifer’s role as well as the role of our Savior, Lucifer’s role as well as the role of our Savior, Jesus Christ.Jesus Christ.

John MurdockJohn Murdock experienced a vision of the Savior similar to experienced a vision of the Savior similar to that of John the Revelator:that of John the Revelator:

I saw the form of a man most lovely! The visage of his I saw the form of a man most lovely! The visage of his face was sound and fair as the sun. His hair, a bright face was sound and fair as the sun. His hair, a bright silver grey, curled in most majestic form, His eyes, a keen silver grey, curled in most majestic form, His eyes, a keen penetrating blue, and the skin of his neck a most beautiful penetrating blue, and the skin of his neck a most beautiful white (Murdock, “white (Murdock, “A Brief Synopsis of the Life of John A Brief Synopsis of the Life of John MurdockMurdock, 14)., 14).

Zebedee ColtrinZebedee Coltrin related that he also saw the Savior, related that he also saw the Savior, following which he saw God the Father, who “was following which he saw God the Father, who “was surrounded as with a flame of fire, which was so brilliant surrounded as with a flame of fire, which was so brilliant that I could not discover anything else but His person. I that I could not discover anything else but His person. I saw His hands, His legs, His feet, His eyes, nose, mouth, saw His hands, His legs, His feet, His eyes, nose, mouth, head and body in the shape and form of a perfect man. I head and body in the shape and form of a perfect man. I felt it in the marrow of my bones” (School of the Prophets, felt it in the marrow of my bones” (School of the Prophets, October 3, 1883).October 3, 1883).

D&C 137D&C 137: : The Vision of the Celestial Kingdom. The The Vision of the Celestial Kingdom. The blazing blazing throne of God, whereon was seated the throne of God, whereon was seated the Father and Father and the Son.the Son.

April 3, 1836April 3, 1836:: Oliver and JosephOliver and Joseph saw the Lord saw the Lord standing standing upon the breastwork of the pulpit.upon the breastwork of the pulpit.

Orson PrattOrson Pratt recalled, “In that house the veil was taken recalled, “In that house the veil was taken away from the eyes of many of the servants of God and away from the eyes of many of the servants of God and they beheld his glory” (they beheld his glory” (JDJD, 14:273)., 14:273).

According to one estimate, “hundreds of others” had such According to one estimate, “hundreds of others” had such experiences (experiences (JDJD, 25:158)., 25:158).

Joseph SmithJoseph Smith promised, “All who are prepared, and are promised, “All who are prepared, and are sufficiently pure to abide the presence of the Savior, will sufficiently pure to abide the presence of the Savior, will see him in the solemn assembly in the temple” (see him in the solemn assembly in the temple” (HCHC, 2:310)., 2:310).

January 21, 1836January 21, 1836

In the presence of about 10 Church leaders, In the presence of about 10 Church leaders, Joseph SmithJoseph Smith “saw the Twelve….and Jesus standing in their midst….The “saw the Twelve….and Jesus standing in their midst….The Savior looked upon them and wept.” Later, in a meeting Savior looked upon them and wept.” Later, in a meeting of about thirty some “saw the face of the Savior” (of about thirty some “saw the face of the Savior” (HCHC, , 2:381-82).2:381-82).

January 28, 1836January 28, 1836

Some one hundred Melchizedek Priesthood members --- Some one hundred Melchizedek Priesthood members --- high priest, seventies, and elders – were assembled when high priest, seventies, and elders – were assembled when Zebedee Coltrin “saw the Savior extended before him, as Zebedee Coltrin “saw the Savior extended before him, as upon a cross, and a little after, crowned with glory upon upon a cross, and a little after, crowned with glory upon his head above the brightness of the sun” (his head above the brightness of the sun” (HCHC, 2:387)., 2:387).

Those present also heard Those present also heard JosephJoseph exclaim aloud, “I behold exclaim aloud, “I behold the Savior, the Son of God” (the Savior, the Son of God” (HCHC, 2:387)., 2:387).

March 30March 30thth, 1836, 1836

With three hundred priesthood leaders With three hundred priesthood leaders assembled in the temple, “the Savior made his assembled in the temple, “the Savior made his appearance to some, while angels ministered to appearance to some, while angels ministered to others” (others” (HCHC, 2:432)., 2:432).

Warren SnowWarren Snow declared: “I have seen the power declared: “I have seen the power of God manifested….I remember when receiving of God manifested….I remember when receiving my endowments in the Temple at Kirtland, I my endowments in the Temple at Kirtland, I heard the voice of God as plain as I hear my heard the voice of God as plain as I hear my own, and this testimony I have borne for thirty-own, and this testimony I have borne for thirty-one years” (one years” (Millennial Star, Millennial Star, 26 January 23, 1964: 26 January 23, 1964: 51).51).

The Savior’s presence was felt by many who were not The Savior’s presence was felt by many who were not privileged to see him in Kirtland. Mary Elizabeth Rollins privileged to see him in Kirtland. Mary Elizabeth Rollins Lightner described one such experience that occurred at the Lightner described one such experience that occurred at the Morley farm in 1831:Morley farm in 1831:

Said he, [Joseph Smith,] “There are enough here to hold a Said he, [Joseph Smith,] “There are enough here to hold a little meeting.” Joseph looked around very solemnly. It was little meeting.” Joseph looked around very solemnly. It was the first time some of them had ever seen him. They got a the first time some of them had ever seen him. They got a board and put it across two chairs to make seats. Martin board and put it across two chairs to make seats. Martin Harris sat on a little box at Joseph’s feet. They sang and Harris sat on a little box at Joseph’s feet. They sang and prayed. Joseph got up and began to speak to us. As he began prayed. Joseph got up and began to speak to us. As he began to speak very solemnly and very earnestly all at once his to speak very solemnly and very earnestly all at once his countenance changed and he stood mute. Those who looked countenance changed and he stood mute. Those who looked at him that day said there was a search light within him, over at him that day said there was a search light within him, over every part of his body. I never saw anything like it on earth. I every part of his body. I never saw anything like it on earth. I could not take my eyes off of him. He got so white that could not take my eyes off of him. He got so white that anyone who saw him would have thought he was transparent. anyone who saw him would have thought he was transparent. I remember I thought I could almost see the bones through I remember I thought I could almost see the bones through the flesh. I have been through many changes since, but that the flesh. I have been through many changes since, but that is photographed on my brain.is photographed on my brain.

I shall remember it and see in my mind’s eye as long as I I shall remember it and see in my mind’s eye as long as I remain upon the earth. He stood some minutes. He remain upon the earth. He stood some minutes. He looked over the congregation as if to pierce every heart. looked over the congregation as if to pierce every heart. Said he: “Do you know who has been in your midst?” Said he: “Do you know who has been in your midst?” Martin Harris said: “It was our Lord and Savior, Jesus Martin Harris said: “It was our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.” Joseph put his hands down on Martin and said: Christ.” Joseph put his hands down on Martin and said: “God revealed that to you. Brothers and Sisters, the spirit “God revealed that to you. Brothers and Sisters, the spirit of God has been in your midst. The Savior has been here of God has been in your midst. The Savior has been here this night and I want to tell you to remember it. There is this night and I want to tell you to remember it. There is a veil over your eyes for you could not endure to look a veil over your eyes for you could not endure to look upon Him.” …Then he knelt down and prayed. I have upon Him.” …Then he knelt down and prayed. I have never heard anything like it before or since. I felt that he never heard anything like it before or since. I felt that he was talking to the Lord and that power rested down upon was talking to the Lord and that power rested down upon us in every fiber of our bodies, and we received a sermon us in every fiber of our bodies, and we received a sermon form the lips of the representative of God (Lightner, form the lips of the representative of God (Lightner, address at Brigham Young University).address at Brigham Young University).

The dispensation of the fullness of The dispensation of the fullness of times was launched by the Father times was launched by the Father and Son themselves, and they and Son themselves, and they personally prepared Joseph Smith personally prepared Joseph Smith and others for their leadership and others for their leadership roles in the restored church. Like roles in the restored church. Like Moses, who was told, Moses, who was told, ““put off thy put off thy shoes… [for] the place whereon shoes… [for] the place whereon thou standest is holy groundthou standest is holy ground”” (Exodus 3:5), these modern (Exodus 3:5), these modern leaders truly stood on holy ground leaders truly stood on holy ground in “the Ohioin “the Ohio.”.”

Many ManifestationsMany Manifestations

In a fifteen week period starting in January 1836, there In a fifteen week period starting in January 1836, there were more revelations given than any other similar were more revelations given than any other similar time frame in the History of the Churchtime frame in the History of the Church..

Jan. 21, 1836, Joseph received section 137, “a vision of Jan. 21, 1836, Joseph received section 137, “a vision of the Celestial Kingdom.” He said he saw resurrected the Celestial Kingdom.” He said he saw resurrected beings, mortals, and departed spirits.beings, mortals, and departed spirits.

On Jan. 22, 1836 many people saw visions and On Jan. 22, 1836 many people saw visions and experienced the gift of tongues. Angels mingled their experienced the gift of tongues. Angels mingled their voices with those of mortals. It lasted for over an hour voices with those of mortals. It lasted for over an hour and a half.and a half.

On Jan. 28, 1836 Roger Orton saw six angels, one was On Jan. 28, 1836 Roger Orton saw six angels, one was riding a beautiful white horse outside of the temple with riding a beautiful white horse outside of the temple with the assignment to keep the legions of evil spirits away.the assignment to keep the legions of evil spirits away.

Several non-members of the Church saw the Several non-members of the Church saw the temple with a beautiful glow. Some saw temple with a beautiful glow. Some saw angels walking back and forth along the roof angels walking back and forth along the roof acting as sentinels to ward off evil spirits acting as sentinels to ward off evil spirits hovering in the air, trying to get in to the hovering in the air, trying to get in to the temple.temple.

Zebedee Coltrin saw the Savior in the Zebedee Coltrin saw the Savior in the Kirtland Temple in all of His glory. In his Kirtland Temple in all of His glory. In his journal he wrote that he had viewed the journal he wrote that he had viewed the crucifixion of Christ. He said that they crucifixion of Christ. He said that they wrapped a white sheet around his waist and wrapped a white sheet around his waist and then drove into his hands metal spikes then drove into his hands metal spikes similar to railroad spikes today. similar to railroad spikes today.

Others have had that same vision (Orson F. Whitney Others have had that same vision (Orson F. Whitney and David B. Haight).and David B. Haight).

On March 27On March 27thth 1836, (Sunday and also the dedication), 1836, (Sunday and also the dedication), Peter entered the temple and sat by Frederick G. Peter entered the temple and sat by Frederick G. Williams and Joseph Smith Sr. on the stand.Williams and Joseph Smith Sr. on the stand.

Heber C. Kimball described Peter as being tall, with Heber C. Kimball described Peter as being tall, with “black eyes, white hair, and stoop shouldered; his “black eyes, white hair, and stoop shouldered; his garment was whole, extending to near his ankles; on garment was whole, extending to near his ankles; on his feet he had sandals. He was the one sent to accept his feet he had sandals. He was the one sent to accept the dedication of the Kirtland Temple (Heber C. Kimball, the dedication of the Kirtland Temple (Heber C. Kimball, JDJD 9:376). 9:376).

Father Smith calmed a mother who was nervous about Father Smith calmed a mother who was nervous about having her baby at the dedication. He assured her that having her baby at the dedication. He assured her that it would be okay. He later recorded that the two month it would be okay. He later recorded that the two month old baby joined in when the congregation when they old baby joined in when the congregation when they gave the Hosanna Shout. (Truman Madsen).gave the Hosanna Shout. (Truman Madsen).

David Whitmer saw three other angels at the dedication David Whitmer saw three other angels at the dedication though they were not identified. though they were not identified.

Jesus Christ came later.Jesus Christ came later.

During the Priesthood meeting (316 present) that night During the Priesthood meeting (316 present) that night angels came down through the ceiling and the temple angels came down through the ceiling and the temple was filled with the hosts of heaven. This was the same was filled with the hosts of heaven. This was the same evening that a strange light rested upon the outside of evening that a strange light rested upon the outside of the temple which people could see from a distance and the temple which people could see from a distance and knew that it was filled with the glory of God. knew that it was filled with the glory of God.

Even those outside the temple could hear the heavenly Even those outside the temple could hear the heavenly choirs.choirs.

The Kirtland Dedication ProgramThe Kirtland Dedication Program::It started at 9:00 a.m. (the doors opened at 8:00 a.m.) It started at 9:00 a.m. (the doors opened at 8:00 a.m.)

Joseph estimated that by 7:00 a.m. more than 1,000 persons Joseph estimated that by 7:00 a.m. more than 1,000 persons waited near the temple doors. After the temple filled, waited near the temple doors. After the temple filled, hundreds were turned away. hundreds were turned away.

President Rigdon read Psalms 96 and 24 followed by the President Rigdon read Psalms 96 and 24 followed by the congregation singing “Ere Long the Veil will Rend in Twain.”congregation singing “Ere Long the Veil will Rend in Twain.”

Sidney Rigdon offered the invocation.Sidney Rigdon offered the invocation.

They sang “O Happy Souls who Pray Where God Appoints to They sang “O Happy Souls who Pray Where God Appoints to Hear.”Hear.”

Sidney Rigdon read and preached from Sidney Rigdon read and preached from Matthew 8:18-20Matthew 8:18-20. . He spoke for two and a half hours.He spoke for two and a half hours.

Joseph said that Sidney’s talk was eloquent.Joseph said that Sidney’s talk was eloquent.

A repeat of the dedicatory services was also scheduled A repeat of the dedicatory services was also scheduled for the following Thursday.for the following Thursday.

The choir and congregation sang “Now Let Us Rejoice in The choir and congregation sang “Now Let Us Rejoice in the Day of Salvation.”the Day of Salvation.”

They took a fifteen to twenty minute intermission. Most They took a fifteen to twenty minute intermission. Most remained in the building.remained in the building.

The service continued with another song, “This Earth The service continued with another song, “This Earth Was Once a Garden Place,” also know as “Adam-ondi-Was Once a Garden Place,” also know as “Adam-ondi-Ahman.”Ahman.”

After some brief remarks by Joseph Smith, Church officers After some brief remarks by Joseph Smith, Church officers were sustained. It was unanimous to the affirmative.were sustained. It was unanimous to the affirmative.

The service then continued with another song, “How The service then continued with another song, “How Pleased and Blessed Was I.”Pleased and Blessed Was I.”

Joseph then read the dedicatory prayer which had been Joseph then read the dedicatory prayer which had been revealed to him. revealed to him.

They then sang “The Spirit of God Like a Fire is Burning.”They then sang “The Spirit of God Like a Fire is Burning.”

The quorums accepted the dedicatory prayer and the The quorums accepted the dedicatory prayer and the sacrament was passed to members of the Church.sacrament was passed to members of the Church.

Testimonies were born by many and then the Testimonies were born by many and then the congregation gave the Hosanna Shout three times.congregation gave the Hosanna Shout three times.

Brigham Young then arose and spoke briefly in tongues Brigham Young then arose and spoke briefly in tongues while David W. Patton interpreted, and David W. Patten while David W. Patton interpreted, and David W. Patten delivered a short exhortation in tongues. delivered a short exhortation in tongues.

At about four o’clock, the Prophet concluded the seven-At about four o’clock, the Prophet concluded the seven-hour dedicatory service by blessing the congregation.hour dedicatory service by blessing the congregation.

Eliza R. Snow testified that a babe in arms participated in Eliza R. Snow testified that a babe in arms participated in the Hosanna Shout (Tullidge, the Hosanna Shout (Tullidge, Women of MormondomWomen of Mormondom, 95)., 95).

Summarizing this extraordinary event, she said, “As Summarizing this extraordinary event, she said, “As marvelous as that incident may appear to many, it is not marvelous as that incident may appear to many, it is not more so than other occurrences on that occasion.more so than other occurrences on that occasion.

It was reported that hundreds spoke in tongues, It was reported that hundreds spoke in tongues, prophesied, or saw visionsprophesied, or saw visions

It is interesting that Sidney carried the bulk of the It is interesting that Sidney carried the bulk of the meeting. We need to remember that he was a gifted man meeting. We need to remember that he was a gifted man (The Lord would not have allowed him to do that had he (The Lord would not have allowed him to do that had he been out of harmony). been out of harmony).

On March 30On March 30thth, 1836 many saw angels and the Savior. , 1836 many saw angels and the Savior.

John the Beloved was in attendance and Joseph stood up John the Beloved was in attendance and Joseph stood up at the end of the meeting and apologized to him for failing at the end of the meeting and apologized to him for failing to recognize him earlierto recognize him earlier. .

Joseph was so familiar with these men that he sometimes Joseph was so familiar with these men that he sometimes forgot to recognize them in the presence of othersforgot to recognize them in the presence of others..

On April 6On April 6thth, 1836 Joseph saw angels administering unto , 1836 Joseph saw angels administering unto many.many.

It was a day of Pentecost. It was a day of Pentecost.

It is not hard to understand why it has been called the It is not hard to understand why it has been called the ““Glorious Days of KirtlandGlorious Days of Kirtland?” ?”

Unseen forces also protected the Saints and their efforts. Unseen forces also protected the Saints and their efforts. In January 1836, prior to completion of the temple, Joseph In January 1836, prior to completion of the temple, Joseph Smith reported: “Elder Roger Orton saw a mighty angel Smith reported: “Elder Roger Orton saw a mighty angel riding upon a horse of fire, with a flaming sword in his riding upon a horse of fire, with a flaming sword in his hand, followed by five others, encircle the house, and hand, followed by five others, encircle the house, and protect the Saints, even the Lord’s anointed, from the protect the Saints, even the Lord’s anointed, from the power of Satan and a host of evil spirits, which were power of Satan and a host of evil spirits, which were striving to disturb the Saints” (striving to disturb the Saints” (History of the Church History of the Church 2:386-87).2:386-87).

Many journals of the Saints testify that the year 1836 was Many journals of the Saints testify that the year 1836 was indeed the “year of jubilee,” a “time of rejoicing,” when indeed the “year of jubilee,” a “time of rejoicing,” when communication with the heavens was constant and real.communication with the heavens was constant and real.

Missionaries go forth from KirtlandMissionaries go forth from Kirtland::

Joseph taught the priesthood holders in Kirtland that “the Joseph taught the priesthood holders in Kirtland that “the greatest and most important duty is to preach the gospel.”greatest and most important duty is to preach the gospel.”

Steamships, which averaged about twenty miles an hour, Steamships, which averaged about twenty miles an hour, were a favorite mode of travel.were a favorite mode of travel.

For most missionaries, travel was by foot, carrying cloth For most missionaries, travel was by foot, carrying cloth knapsacks or leather valises. Walking for thirteen or knapsacks or leather valises. Walking for thirteen or fourteen hours, they could go about forty miles a day if the fourteen hours, they could go about forty miles a day if the weather was favorable and the roads were good.weather was favorable and the roads were good.

Joseph often gave this advice to missionaries, “Preach short Joseph often gave this advice to missionaries, “Preach short sermons, make short prayers, and deliver your sermons sermons, make short prayers, and deliver your sermons with a prayerful heart” (with a prayerful heart” (Memoirs of George A. SmithMemoirs of George A. Smith, 29)., 29).

Many men would serve on Many men would serve on their missions for as long as their missions for as long as possible, return to Kirtland to possible, return to Kirtland to accomplish necessary tasks accomplish necessary tasks at home and receive further at home and receive further inspiration and instruction inspiration and instruction from the brethren, and then from the brethren, and then leave on another mission.leave on another mission.

Hebrew SchoolHebrew School

In January 1836, at the Kirtland Temple, the In January 1836, at the Kirtland Temple, the Hebrew School was started. Hebrew School was started.

Joseph indicated that the members of the Joseph indicated that the members of the Church needed to meet “the learned” on their Church needed to meet “the learned” on their ground.ground.

Joseph had a gift for Hebrew and learned a lot Joseph had a gift for Hebrew and learned a lot on his own. on his own.

As many as 150 attended sessions of the school As many as 150 attended sessions of the school held in the winter of 1836-37 in the temple.held in the winter of 1836-37 in the temple.

Orson Pratt was also very good at it.Orson Pratt was also very good at it.

There were eventually four Hebrew Schools with forty There were eventually four Hebrew Schools with forty students per school.students per school.

Joshua SeixasJoshua Seixas was hired to teach the class. He was a was hired to teach the class. He was a brilliant man who knew many languages. We don’t brilliant man who knew many languages. We don’t know if he ever joined the Church or not.know if he ever joined the Church or not.

He was an instructor at a seminary in Hudson, Ohio. He He was an instructor at a seminary in Hudson, Ohio. He was hired for seven weeks at a salary of $320.00 was hired for seven weeks at a salary of $320.00 dollars and was given an office in the Temple. Forty-dollars and was given an office in the Temple. Forty-five students initially enrolled for the series of one-hour five students initially enrolled for the series of one-hour lectures.lectures.

On January 1836, the School of the Prophets moved On January 1836, the School of the Prophets moved into the Temple.into the Temple.

Brigham Young had a hard time learning Hebrew.Brigham Young had a hard time learning Hebrew.

The Spirit of God Like A Fire is The Spirit of God Like A Fire is BurningBurning

The following two verses were taken out of The following two verses were taken out of the original hymn written by William W. the original hymn written by William W. Phelps for the temple dedicationPhelps for the temple dedication::

We’ll wash and be wash’d, and with oil be We’ll wash and be wash’d, and with oil be anointedanointedWithal not omitting the washing of feetWithal not omitting the washing of feetFor he that receiveth his penny appointed,For he that receiveth his penny appointed,Must surely be clean at the harvest of wheat.Must surely be clean at the harvest of wheat.We’ll sing and we’ll shout, etc.We’ll sing and we’ll shout, etc.

Old Israel that fled from the world for Old Israel that fled from the world for his freedom,his freedom,

Must come with the cloud and the Must come with the cloud and the pillar, amain:pillar, amain:

A’Moses, and Aaron, and Joshua lead A’Moses, and Aaron, and Joshua lead him,him,

And feed him on manna from heaven And feed him on manna from heaven again.again.

We’ll sing and we’ll shout, etc.We’ll sing and we’ll shout, etc.

Other Interesting things that took place Other Interesting things that took place in Kirtlandin Kirtland!!

Lorenzo Young was called out of the congregation to serve Lorenzo Young was called out of the congregation to serve on the Kirtland High Council. He declined the calling and on the Kirtland High Council. He declined the calling and was never called to another calling while Joseph was alive. was never called to another calling while Joseph was alive.

Lorenzo Young did go on the exodus to Salt Lake City and Lorenzo Young did go on the exodus to Salt Lake City and would serve in many capacities of the Church.would serve in many capacities of the Church.

Martin Harris made the comment that he knew more Martin Harris made the comment that he knew more about the Book of Mormon than Joseph Smith ever would.about the Book of Mormon than Joseph Smith ever would.

Joseph was called to a hearing (Church Discipline) because Joseph was called to a hearing (Church Discipline) because of Sylvester Smith and his accusations from Zion’s Camp.of Sylvester Smith and his accusations from Zion’s Camp.

Other Interesting things that took Other Interesting things that took place in Kirtlandplace in Kirtland!!

In 1834 Joseph received “Lectures on FaithIn 1834 Joseph received “Lectures on Faith” ” ((School of the EldersSchool of the Elders).).

On Feb. 7On Feb. 7thth, 1835 Brigham and Joseph Young , 1835 Brigham and Joseph Young sang to Joseph at Joseph’s request. After they sang to Joseph at Joseph’s request. After they finished Joseph told Brigham Young that he finished Joseph told Brigham Young that he would be called as one of the Twelve the next would be called as one of the Twelve the next week and that Joseph Young would preside over week and that Joseph Young would preside over the 70’s. This was the same time period in which the 70’s. This was the same time period in which Joseph received a revelation about the status of Joseph received a revelation about the status of those who died from cholera in Zion’s Camp and those who died from cholera in Zion’s Camp and the reward they would received in heaven the reward they would received in heaven (almost a year later).(almost a year later).

Church government began to unfold Church government began to unfold during the Kirtland period.during the Kirtland period.

On Feb. 14On Feb. 14thth, 1835 the calling of the , 1835 the calling of the Twelve took place. They were called right Twelve took place. They were called right out of the congregation. out of the congregation.

Seniority among the Twelve was Seniority among the Twelve was determined by agedetermined by age. .

The three witnesses had been called to The three witnesses had been called to choose the twelve. They had six years to choose the twelve. They had six years to prepare for it (D&C 18:37).prepare for it (D&C 18:37).

Thomas B. MarshThomas B. Marsh

D&C 31:9, 12 Govern Your HouseD&C 31:9, 12 Govern Your House!!

The wife of Thomas B. Marsh (President of the The wife of Thomas B. Marsh (President of the Twelve Apostles) and Sister Harris concluded Twelve Apostles) and Sister Harris concluded they would exchange milk in order to make a they would exchange milk in order to make a little larger cheese than they otherwise could. little larger cheese than they otherwise could. To be sure to have justice done, it was agreed To be sure to have justice done, it was agreed that they should not save the strippings, but that they should not save the strippings, but that the milk and strippings should all go that the milk and strippings should all go together (the strippings were the part of the together (the strippings were the part of the milk richest in cream).milk richest in cream).

Mrs. Harris, it appeared, was faithful to the Mrs. Harris, it appeared, was faithful to the agreement and carried to Mrs. Marsh the agreement and carried to Mrs. Marsh the milk and strippings, but Mrs. Marsh, wishing milk and strippings, but Mrs. Marsh, wishing to make some extra good cheese, saved a to make some extra good cheese, saved a pint of strippings from each cow and sent pint of strippings from each cow and sent Mrs. Harris the milk without the strippings.Mrs. Harris the milk without the strippings.

Mrs. Harris learned that Mrs. Marsh had Mrs. Harris learned that Mrs. Marsh had saved the strippings, and it became a saved the strippings, and it became a matter to be settled by the Teachers. They matter to be settled by the Teachers. They examined the matter and it was proved that examined the matter and it was proved that Mrs. Marsh had saved the strippings…Mrs. Marsh had saved the strippings…

An appeal was taken from the Teachers to An appeal was taken from the Teachers to the Bishop, and a regular Church trial was the Bishop, and a regular Church trial was held. held.

President Marsh did not consider that the President Marsh did not consider that the Bishop had done him and his lady justice, for Bishop had done him and his lady justice, for they (the Bishop’s court) decided that the they (the Bishop’s court) decided that the strippings were wrongfully saved, and that strippings were wrongfully saved, and that Sister Marsh had violated her covenant.Sister Marsh had violated her covenant.

Marsh immediately took an appeal to the Marsh immediately took an appeal to the High Council…, but the High Council High Council…, but the High Council confirmed the Bishop’s decision (Mrs. confirmed the Bishop’s decision (Mrs. Harris’s husband George, was on the High Harris’s husband George, was on the High Council).Council).

Marsh not satisfied, made an appeal to the First Marsh not satisfied, made an appeal to the First Presidency of the Church. Presidency of the Church.

Joseph and his counselors sat upon the case and they Joseph and his counselors sat upon the case and they supported the decision of the High Council.supported the decision of the High Council.

This little affair kicked up a considerable breeze, and This little affair kicked up a considerable breeze, and Thomas B. Marsh then declared that he would sustain Thomas B. Marsh then declared that he would sustain the character of his wife, even if he had to go to hell for the character of his wife, even if he had to go to hell for itit. .

Heber C. Kimball wished him well on his way. Heber C. Kimball wished him well on his way.

Thomas B. Marsh would later sign a document Thomas B. Marsh would later sign a document that brought mobs against the Saints which that brought mobs against the Saints which caused deaths to the Saints and much sufferingcaused deaths to the Saints and much suffering..

The then President of the Twelve The then President of the Twelve Apostles, the man who should have been Apostles, the man who should have been the first to do justice and cause the first to do justice and cause reparation to be made for wrong, reparation to be made for wrong, committed by any member of his family, committed by any member of his family, took that positiontook that position ( (JDJD 3:283-84). 3:283-84).

David W. PattonDavid W. Patton returned after his death returned after his death from the Spirit World and asked Thomas, from the Spirit World and asked Thomas, ““How could you have forgotten so soonHow could you have forgotten so soon?” ?”

Thomas B. Marsh and David W. Patton Thomas B. Marsh and David W. Patton had made a covenant to keep each other had made a covenant to keep each other in line while in mortality.in line while in mortality.

President Gordon B. HinckleyPresident Gordon B. Hinckley

Pres. Hinckley repeated the story in General Pres. Hinckley repeated the story in General Conference and then commented: Conference and then commented:

““The man who should have settled this little quarrel, The man who should have settled this little quarrel, but who, rather, pursued it,… literally went through but who, rather, pursued it,… literally went through hell for ithell for it. He lost his standing in the Church. He lost . He lost his standing in the Church. He lost his testimony of the gospel. For nineteen years he his testimony of the gospel. For nineteen years he walked in poverty and darkness and bitterness, walked in poverty and darkness and bitterness, experiencing illness, and loneliness. He grew old experiencing illness, and loneliness. He grew old before his time. Finally, like the prodigal son in the before his time. Finally, like the prodigal son in the parable of the Savior, he recognized his foolishness parable of the Savior, he recognized his foolishness and painfully made his way to this valley (Salt Lake), and painfully made his way to this valley (Salt Lake), and asked Brigham Young to forgive him and permit and asked Brigham Young to forgive him and permit his re-baptism into the Church. his re-baptism into the Church.

He had been the first President of He had been the first President of the Council of the Twelve, loved, the Council of the Twelve, loved, respected, and honored in the respected, and honored in the days of Kirtland, and the early days of Kirtland, and the early days of Far West. days of Far West. Now he asked Now he asked only that he might be ordained a only that he might be ordained a deacon and become a deacon and become a doorkeeper in the house of the doorkeeper in the house of the LordLord (C.R. April, 1984, 111). (C.R. April, 1984, 111).

Path to ApostasyPath to Apostasy

You that don’t know him, have heard of Thomas You that don’t know him, have heard of Thomas B. Marsh, who was formerly the President of the B. Marsh, who was formerly the President of the Twelve Apostles, but who apostatized some Twelve Apostles, but who apostatized some years ago, in Missouri. He is on his way here, a years ago, in Missouri. He is on his way here, a poor, decrepit, broken down, old man. He has poor, decrepit, broken down, old man. He has had a paralytic stroke --- one of his arms hangs had a paralytic stroke --- one of his arms hangs down. He is coming out here as an object of down. He is coming out here as an object of charity, destitute, without wife, child, or charity, destitute, without wife, child, or anything else. He has been an apostate some anything else. He has been an apostate some eighteen years. Most of you know his history..eighteen years. Most of you know his history..

In meeting with some of the apostates, Thomas B. In meeting with some of the apostates, Thomas B. Marsh said to them, “You don’t know what you are Marsh said to them, “You don’t know what you are about; if you want to see the fruits of apostasy, look on about; if you want to see the fruits of apostasy, look on me…”me…”

Many have said to me, “How is it that a man like you, Many have said to me, “How is it that a man like you, who understood so much of the revelations of God as who understood so much of the revelations of God as recorded in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants, could recorded in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants, could fall away?” I told them not to feel to secure, but to take fall away?” I told them not to feel to secure, but to take heed lest they also should fall; for I had no scruples in heed lest they also should fall; for I had no scruples in my mind to the possibility of men falling away.my mind to the possibility of men falling away.

I can say, in reference to the Quorum of the Twelve, to I can say, in reference to the Quorum of the Twelve, to which I belonged, that I did not consider myself a whit which I belonged, that I did not consider myself a whit behind any of them, and I suppose that others had the behind any of them, and I suppose that others had the same opinion; but, let no one feel too secure; for, same opinion; but, let no one feel too secure; for, before you think of it, your steps will slide. You will not before you think of it, your steps will slide. You will not think for a moment as you did before you lost the Spirit think for a moment as you did before you lost the Spirit of Christ; for when men apostatize, they are left to of Christ; for when men apostatize, they are left to grovel in the dark.grovel in the dark.

I have sought diligently to know the Spirit of Christ I have sought diligently to know the Spirit of Christ since I turned my face Zion-ward, and I believe I have since I turned my face Zion-ward, and I believe I have obtained it. I have frequently wanted to know how my obtained it. I have frequently wanted to know how my apostasy began, and I have come to the conclusion that apostasy began, and I have come to the conclusion that I must have lost the spirit of the Lord out of my heart.I must have lost the spirit of the Lord out of my heart.

The next question is, “How and when did you The next question is, “How and when did you lose the lose the ““SpiritSpirit?” ?”

I became jealous of the ProphetI became jealous of the Prophet, and then I was , and then I was double, and overlooked everything that was right, and double, and overlooked everything that was right, and spent all my time in looking for evil; and then, when the spent all my time in looking for evil; and then, when the Devil began to lead me, it was easy for the carnal mind Devil began to lead me, it was easy for the carnal mind to rise up, which is anger, jealousy, and wrath. I could to rise up, which is anger, jealousy, and wrath. I could feel it within me; I felt angry and wrathful; and the feel it within me; I felt angry and wrathful; and the Spirit of the Lord was gone, as the scriptures say, I was Spirit of the Lord was gone, as the scriptures say, I was blinded, and I thought I saw a beam in brother Joseph’s blinded, and I thought I saw a beam in brother Joseph’s eye, but it was nothing but a mote, and my own eye eye, but it was nothing but a mote, and my own eye was filled with the beam… (Thomas B. Marsh, was filled with the beam… (Thomas B. Marsh, J.D.J.D., vol. , vol. 5, 115, 206-7).5, 115, 206-7).

The School of the EldersThe School of the Elders

The School of the Elders started in December, The School of the Elders started in December, 1834 to prepare Elders to become full-time 1834 to prepare Elders to become full-time missionaries. missionaries. They studied history, geography, They studied history, geography, literature, philosophy, politics, grammar and literature, philosophy, politics, grammar and theologytheology..

They were given “7 major lectures.” They were given “7 major lectures.”

Hiram Page was the teacher. Hiram Page was the teacher.

Joseph taught grammar and Hebrew before Joseph taught grammar and Hebrew before Joshua Seixas became their teacher.Joshua Seixas became their teacher.

We consider that God has created man We consider that God has created man with a mind capable of instruction, and a with a mind capable of instruction, and a faculty which may be enlarged in faculty which may be enlarged in proportion to the heed and diligence given proportion to the heed and diligence given to the light communicated from heaven to to the light communicated from heaven to the intellect; and that the nearer man the intellect; and that the nearer man approaches perfection, the clearer are his approaches perfection, the clearer are his views, and the greater his enjoyments, till views, and the greater his enjoyments, till he has overcome the evils of his life and he has overcome the evils of his life and lost every desire for sin; and like the lost every desire for sin; and like the ancients, arrives at that point of faith ancients, arrives at that point of faith where he is wrapped in the power and where he is wrapped in the power and glory of his Maker, and is caught up to glory of his Maker, and is caught up to dwell with Him (Joseph Smith, dwell with Him (Joseph Smith, HCHC, vol. 2, , vol. 2, 8).8).

The Twelve Apostles called in 1835The Twelve Apostles called in 1835

1. 1. Thomas B. MarshThomas B. Marsh, (age 35, apostatized and , (age 35, apostatized and came came back).back).

2. 2. David W. PattonDavid W. Patton, (age 35, didn’t know his birth , (age 35, didn’t know his birth year, martyred).year, martyred).

David rode a white mule and had the gift of David rode a white mule and had the gift of healing. He is the one who President Spencer W. healing. He is the one who President Spencer W. Kimball in Kimball in Miracle of ForgivenessMiracle of Forgiveness mentioned his mentioned his encounter with Cain. He said that Cain was dark encounter with Cain. He said that Cain was dark and covered with hair and had no clothing on. and covered with hair and had no clothing on. Cain told David that he was seeking death. Cain told David that he was seeking death.

David asked God if he could die as a martyr.David asked God if he could die as a martyr.

His reason may have been because he had rebelled and His reason may have been because he had rebelled and caused some degree of trouble for the Church. We caused some degree of trouble for the Church. We don’t know what he did. don’t know what he did.

Joseph later said after David’s death, “There lies a man Joseph later said after David’s death, “There lies a man who did what he said he would do, give his life for who did what he said he would do, give his life for God.” God.”

David once threw a heckler at a meeting over 10 feet in David once threw a heckler at a meeting over 10 feet in the air into a wood pile after the heckler said, “I the air into a wood pile after the heckler said, “I understand Mormons kick out devils, is that true?” The understand Mormons kick out devils, is that true?” The people in the building who saw it said it was true after people in the building who saw it said it was true after David threw him. He possessed great strength. David threw him. He possessed great strength.

Later in vision, Joseph Jr. said that David Patton was Later in vision, Joseph Jr. said that David Patton was welcomed with great excitement into the Spirit World welcomed with great excitement into the Spirit World as he had been commissioned to teach the John Wesley as he had been commissioned to teach the John Wesley familyfamily..

3. 3. Brigham YoungBrigham Young: :

Age 33, faithful to the end! He presided over the Church for Age 33, faithful to the end! He presided over the Church for 33 years, no one has served as Prophet longer in this 33 years, no one has served as Prophet longer in this dispensation (June 1844-1877), he was formally sustained in dispensation (June 1844-1877), he was formally sustained in 1847. 1847.

4. 4. Heber C. KimballHeber C. Kimball: :

Age 33, faithful to the end! Age 33, faithful to the end! Joseph said that if he ever Joseph said that if he ever needed someone to prophesy it was Heberneeded someone to prophesy it was Heber. He once rebuked . He once rebuked the wind at the bowery on Temple Square and commanded it the wind at the bowery on Temple Square and commanded it to be silent, and it was done. to be silent, and it was done. Moroni visited him two weeks Moroni visited him two weeks before he died and told him the Savior was pleased with himbefore he died and told him the Savior was pleased with him..

5. 5. Orson HydeOrson Hyde: :

Age 30, faithful. Dedicated the Holy Land, learned the Age 30, faithful. Dedicated the Holy Land, learned the German language in eight days, learned Hebrew and German language in eight days, learned Hebrew and memorized the Bible in English. Later in his life he got a memorized the Bible in English. Later in his life he got a disease that caused him to become obese. He was so large disease that caused him to become obese. He was so large that he couldn’t roll over by himself which caused him that he couldn’t roll over by himself which caused him constant pain.constant pain.

6. 6. William E. McLellenWilliam E. McLellen: :

Age 29, not faithful, became a bitter enemy to Joseph Age 29, not faithful, became a bitter enemy to Joseph and the Church. He was an evil man who later sought and the Church. He was an evil man who later sought the blood of Joseph. He tried to write a revelation but the blood of Joseph. He tried to write a revelation but failed. He was excommunicated in 1838 and never failed. He was excommunicated in 1838 and never returned.returned.

7. 7. Parley P. PrattParley P. Pratt: :

Age 27, martyred in Arkansas at the age of 50 in May of Age 27, martyred in Arkansas at the age of 50 in May of 1857. He was the second Apostle killed in this 1857. He was the second Apostle killed in this dispensation.dispensation.

8. 8. Luke S. JohnsonLuke S. Johnson: :

Age 27, faithful. He lost his membership but came Age 27, faithful. He lost his membership but came back. However, Brigham Young would not put him back back. However, Brigham Young would not put him back in the Twelve. He died in Tooele, Utah while serving as in the Twelve. He died in Tooele, Utah while serving as a Bishop. He helped convert his friend Ezekiel in the a Bishop. He helped convert his friend Ezekiel in the middle of the night.middle of the night.

9. 9. William SmithWilliam Smith: :

Age 23, not faithful.Age 23, not faithful.

10. 10. Orson PrattOrson Pratt: :

Age 23, faithful. First to view the Salt Lake Valley, and was Age 23, faithful. First to view the Salt Lake Valley, and was the first President of the Elders Quorum. Brigham Young the first President of the Elders Quorum. Brigham Young said once of him, “said once of him, “You can cut him up into little tiny pieces You can cut him up into little tiny pieces and every piece would cry out saying, ‘Mormonism is trueand every piece would cry out saying, ‘Mormonism is true!’” !’” He crossed the ocean 16 times serving missions for the He crossed the ocean 16 times serving missions for the Church.Church.

11. 11. John F. BoyntonJohn F. Boynton: :

Age 23, not faithful. Great Scientist, invented the soda Age 23, not faithful. Great Scientist, invented the soda fountain and some small electrical appliances. He left the fountain and some small electrical appliances. He left the Church in 1837 and said, “Church in 1837 and said, “I have never seen a happy I have never seen a happy moment since I joined the Churchmoment since I joined the Church.” He was with Warren .” He was with Warren Parrish and Lyman Johnson when they took 100,000 dollars Parrish and Lyman Johnson when they took 100,000 dollars from a bank through fraud. He was excommunicated and from a bank through fraud. He was excommunicated and never returned.never returned.

12. 12. Lyman E. JohnsonLyman E. Johnson: :

Age 23, not faithful. Excommunicated and Age 23, not faithful. Excommunicated and never returned. He cursed Joseph Smith at the never returned. He cursed Joseph Smith at the top of his lungs until his face went black.top of his lungs until his face went black.

The Apostolic Charge was given to the Twelve The Apostolic Charge was given to the Twelve by Oliver Cowderyby Oliver Cowdery. .

In the meridian of times, the Savior himself In the meridian of times, the Savior himself gave that charge. gave that charge.

This should give you and idea of the importance This should give you and idea of the importance and the strength of Oliver Cowdery. and the strength of Oliver Cowdery.

A Home Teaching Experience in KirtlandA Home Teaching Experience in KirtlandIn Kirtland, members of the priesthood were assigned to visit In Kirtland, members of the priesthood were assigned to visit the homes of the Saints and teach them. the homes of the Saints and teach them. D&C 20:47D&C 20:47 was was given about nine months before Joseph moved to Kirtland.given about nine months before Joseph moved to Kirtland.

William Cahoon, one of the earliest Ohio converts, later William Cahoon, one of the earliest Ohio converts, later recalled his experience as home teacher to the Prophet’s recalled his experience as home teacher to the Prophet’s family:family:

I was called and ordained to act as a teacher to visit the I was called and ordained to act as a teacher to visit the families of the Saints. I got along very well till I found that I families of the Saints. I got along very well till I found that I was obliged to call and pay a visit to the Prophet.was obliged to call and pay a visit to the Prophet.

Being young, only about seventeen years of age, I felt my Being young, only about seventeen years of age, I felt my weakness in visiting the Prophet and his family in the capacity weakness in visiting the Prophet and his family in the capacity of a teacher. I almost felt like shrinking from duty. Finally I of a teacher. I almost felt like shrinking from duty. Finally I went to the door and knocked, and in a minute the Prophet went to the door and knocked, and in a minute the Prophet came to the door. I stood trembling, and said to him:came to the door. I stood trembling, and said to him:

““Brother Joseph, I have come to visit you in the capacity of a Brother Joseph, I have come to visit you in the capacity of a teacher, if it is not convenient for you.”teacher, if it is not convenient for you.”

He said, “Brother William, come right in, I am glad to see He said, “Brother William, come right in, I am glad to see you; sit down in that chair there and I will go and call my you; sit down in that chair there and I will go and call my family in.”family in.”

They soon came in and took seats. He then said, “Brother They soon came in and took seats. He then said, “Brother William, I submit myself and family into your hands,” and William, I submit myself and family into your hands,” and then took his seat. “Now Brother William,” said he “ask all then took his seat. “Now Brother William,” said he “ask all the questions you feel like.”the questions you feel like.”

By this time all my fears and trembling had ceased, and I By this time all my fears and trembling had ceased, and I said, “Brother Joseph, are you trying to live your religion?” He said, “Brother Joseph, are you trying to live your religion?” He answered “Yes.” I then said “Do you pray in your family?” answered “Yes.” I then said “Do you pray in your family?” He said “Yes.” Do you teach your family the principles of the He said “Yes.” Do you teach your family the principles of the gospel?” He replied “Yes, I am trying to do it.” “Do you ask gospel?” He replied “Yes, I am trying to do it.” “Do you ask a blessing on your food?” He answered “Yes.” “Are you a blessing on your food?” He answered “Yes.” “Are you tryingtrying

to live in peace and harmony with all your family?” He said to live in peace and harmony with all your family?” He said that he was.that he was.

I then turned to Sister Emma, his wife, and said “Sister I then turned to Sister Emma, his wife, and said “Sister Emma, are you trying to live your religion? Do you teach Emma, are you trying to live your religion? Do you teach your children to obey their parents? Do you try to teach your children to obey their parents? Do you try to teach them to pray?”them to pray?”

To all of these questions she answered “Yes, I am trying to do To all of these questions she answered “Yes, I am trying to do so.”so.”

I then turned to Joseph and said, “I am now through with my I then turned to Joseph and said, “I am now through with my questions as a teacher; and now if you have any instructions questions as a teacher; and now if you have any instructions to give, I shall be happy to receive them.”to give, I shall be happy to receive them.”

He said “God bless you, Brother William, and if you are He said “God bless you, Brother William, and if you are humble and faithful, you shall have power to settle all humble and faithful, you shall have power to settle all difficulties that may come to you in the capacity of a teacherdifficulties that may come to you in the capacity of a teacher

I then left my parting I then left my parting blessing upon him and blessing upon him and his family, as a teacher, his family, as a teacher, and took my departure and took my departure (Elder William Farrington (Elder William Farrington Close, Close, Juvenile Instructor Juvenile Instructor 28 August 15, 1892: 492-28 August 15, 1892: 492-93).93).

Visitors in 1835

By the mid-1830's, Joseph was spending hours each week with visitors. He said, “I have been hindered by a multitude of visitors.”

Joseph created a Tran biblical world unlike anything known in Christian churches and had no interest in forming alliances with less venturous souls.

Matthias:

Joshua the Jewish Minister came to Kirtland. Some speculated that he was the notorious Robert Matthias, who had recently stood trial for murder in New York and served time for whipping his adult daughter. Later he admitted that he was Matthias and claimed he was a descendant of the apostle Matthias who was chosen to replace Judas. He taught that Matthias’s spirit was resurrected in him.

Joseph told Matthias that “his Joseph told Matthias that “his doctrine was of the Devil and that he doctrine was of the Devil and that he was in reality in possession of a was in reality in possession of a wicked and depraved spirit.” Joseph wicked and depraved spirit.” Joseph told him to leave and as he reflected told him to leave and as he reflected in his journal, “cast our the Devil in in his journal, “cast our the Devil in bodily shape.”bodily shape.”

Joseph’s historical role, as he Joseph’s historical role, as he understood it, was to give God a understood it, was to give God a voice in a world that had stopped voice in a world that had stopped listening.listening.

TextsTexts --- --- 18351835

William E. McLellin, was chosen as an apostle in William E. McLellin, was chosen as an apostle in February 1835. He left the church a year later, February 1835. He left the church a year later, disillusioned by his failure to receive a disillusioned by his failure to receive a manifestation at the Kirtland temple dedication. manifestation at the Kirtland temple dedication. The journal he kept of a missionary journey with The journal he kept of a missionary journey with the Twelve from may through September 1835 is the Twelve from may through September 1835 is the best account we have of Mormon missionary the best account we have of Mormon missionary work in the early years.work in the early years.

Missionaries had no plan, no pamphlet for Missionaries had no plan, no pamphlet for investigators to study, no standard message. The investigators to study, no standard message. The Book of Mormon was the only printed literature Book of Mormon was the only printed literature they carried with themthey carried with them..

The 1835 Doctrine & Covenants was The 1835 Doctrine & Covenants was meant to summarize the Church’s major meant to summarize the Church’s major beliefs and provide a handbook of its beliefs and provide a handbook of its policiespolicies..

The “Lectures on Faith” were a perfect The “Lectures on Faith” were a perfect example of orderly presentation. Given in example of orderly presentation. Given in the fall of 1834 by Sidney Rigdon and the fall of 1834 by Sidney Rigdon and others, with input from Joseph Smith, the others, with input from Joseph Smith, the lectures were included in every edition of lectures were included in every edition of the Doctrine & Covenants from 1835-the Doctrine & Covenants from 1835-1921.1921.

AbrahamAbraham

In 1835 Michael Chandler came to Kirtland In 1835 Michael Chandler came to Kirtland with four mummies and some rolls of with four mummies and some rolls of papyrus. Chandler’s account of the papyrus. Chandler’s account of the mummies was full of contradictions. He mummies was full of contradictions. He claimed he inherited the artifacts from his claimed he inherited the artifacts from his uncle, Antonio Lebolo. Lebolo had indeed uncle, Antonio Lebolo. Lebolo had indeed obtained Egyptian artifacts around 1829 obtained Egyptian artifacts around 1829 but never mentioned Chandler. Lebolo sold but never mentioned Chandler. Lebolo sold eleven mummies to a Trieste merchant in eleven mummies to a Trieste merchant in new York. new York. Chandler probably purchased Chandler probably purchased them in New Yorkthem in New York..

Joseph announced that one roll contained Joseph announced that one roll contained the writing of Abraham of Ur and the other the writing of Abraham of Ur and the other the writings of Joseph of Egypt. He the writings of Joseph of Egypt. He purchased the four mummies and the purchased the four mummies and the papyri for $papyri for $2,4002,400, a huge sum when , a huge sum when money was desperately needed for other money was desperately needed for other projects.projects.

Joseph would continue to show the relics Joseph would continue to show the relics until his death.until his death.

The reader was suddenly dropped into The reader was suddenly dropped into Abraham’s mind and world, and Joseph the Abraham’s mind and world, and Joseph the translator was entirely invisible.translator was entirely invisible.

The exclusion of black men from the priesthood was The exclusion of black men from the priesthood was publicly stated only after his deathpublicly stated only after his death. .

Except for a brief lapse in early 1836, Joseph advocated Except for a brief lapse in early 1836, Joseph advocated taking the gospel to “both bond and free,” ignoring race.taking the gospel to “both bond and free,” ignoring race.

Nothing was done during Joseph’s lifetime to withhold Nothing was done during Joseph’s lifetime to withhold priesthood from black memberspriesthood from black members. .

Joseph knew Elijah Abel, a black man who was ordained as Joseph knew Elijah Abel, a black man who was ordained as a seventy, and was said to have entertained hima seventy, and was said to have entertained him..

Blacks “come into the worlds slaves, mentally and Blacks “come into the worlds slaves, mentally and physically,” he once said in private conversation. “Change physically,” he once said in private conversation. “Change their situation with the whites and they would be like their situation with the whites and they would be like themthem.” .” He favored a policy of “national Equalization,” He favored a policy of “national Equalization,” though he retained the common prejudice against though he retained the common prejudice against intermarriage and blending of racesintermarriage and blending of races..

TranslatingTranslating

Now with the Egyptian papyri before Now with the Egyptian papyri before them, Joseph again let the men with the them, Joseph again let the men with the greatest interest in such undertakings — greatest interest in such undertakings — Oliver Cowdery, William W. Phelps, Oliver Cowdery, William W. Phelps, Warren Parrish, and Frederick G. Warren Parrish, and Frederick G. Williams —attempt translations. Parrish Williams —attempt translations. Parrish was told he “shall see much of my was told he “shall see much of my ancient records, and shall know of ancient records, and shall know of hidden things, and shall be endowed hidden things, and shall be endowed with a knowledge of hidden languages.”with a knowledge of hidden languages.”

Eventually they pulled their work together into Eventually they pulled their work together into a collection they called “Grammar & Alphabet a collection they called “Grammar & Alphabet of the Egyptian Language,” written in the hands of the Egyptian Language,” written in the hands of Phelps and Parrish.of Phelps and Parrish.

Of all the men working on the papyri, only Of all the men working on the papyri, only Joseph produced a coherent text.Joseph produced a coherent text.

In 1967, that view of translation suffered a blow In 1967, that view of translation suffered a blow when eleven scraps of the Abraham papyri, when eleven scraps of the Abraham papyri, long since lost and believed to have been long since lost and believed to have been burned were discovered in the Metropolitan burned were discovered in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and given to Museum of Art in New York City and given to Latter-day Saint leaders in Salt Lake City.Latter-day Saint leaders in Salt Lake City.

Color pictures were printed and scholars Color pictures were printed and scholars went to work. The texts were thought to went to work. The texts were thought to be the Abraham papyri because Joseph be the Abraham papyri because Joseph had published facsimiles from the papyri had published facsimiles from the papyri with his translation, and the same with his translation, and the same pictures appeared on the museum pictures appeared on the museum fragments. The translation of these texts fragments. The translation of these texts by expert Egyptologists would finally by expert Egyptologists would finally prove or disprove Joseph’s claims to prove or disprove Joseph’s claims to miraculous translating powers. Would miraculous translating powers. Would any of the language correspond to the any of the language correspond to the text in his book of Abraham? text in his book of Abraham?

Some Mormons were crushed Some Mormons were crushed when the fragments turned when the fragments turned out to be rather conventional out to be rather conventional funerary texts placed with funerary texts placed with mummified bodies, in this case mummified bodies, in this case Hor’, to assure continuing life Hor’, to assure continuing life as an immortal god. as an immortal god. According According to the Egyptologists, nothing to the Egyptologists, nothing on the fragments resembled on the fragments resembled Joseph’s account of AbrahamJoseph’s account of Abraham..

Some Mormon scholars, notably Hugh Nibley, Some Mormon scholars, notably Hugh Nibley, doubt that the actual texts for Abraham and doubt that the actual texts for Abraham and Joseph have been found.Joseph have been found.

His book of Abraham picked up themes found in His book of Abraham picked up themes found in texts like the Book of Jasher and Flavius texts like the Book of Jasher and Flavius Josephus’s Antiquities of the Jews.Josephus’s Antiquities of the Jews.

Dr. Daniel L. M. Peixotto, a professor of Dr. Daniel L. M. Peixotto, a professor of medicine at Willougby University four miles medicine at Willougby University four miles from Kirtland, was hired to teach Hebrew in the from Kirtland, was hired to teach Hebrew in the School of the Prophets. When Peixotto could not School of the Prophets. When Peixotto could not come, the brethren hired Joshua Seixas, a come, the brethren hired Joshua Seixas, a Jewish convert to Christianity then teaching at Jewish convert to Christianity then teaching at the Western Reserve College.the Western Reserve College.

Joseph proudly recorded Seixas’s comment Joseph proudly recorded Seixas’s comment that “they were the most forward of any that “they were the most forward of any class he had ever taughtclass he had ever taught.” Joseph was one .” Joseph was one of ten to meet for extra sessions with the of ten to meet for extra sessions with the professor. professor. Seixas called Joseph and Seixas called Joseph and “indefatigable” student“indefatigable” student. Excited by his . Excited by his learning, Joseph resolved “to pursue the learning, Joseph resolved “to pursue the study of languages until he should become study of languages until he should become the master of them, if he were permitted to the master of them, if he were permitted to live long enough.” live long enough.” The Hebrew classes The Hebrew classes continued until the dedication of the temple continued until the dedication of the temple in March, when Seixas dropped from sightin March, when Seixas dropped from sight..

Every attempt to regularize belief was Every attempt to regularize belief was diffused by new revelations. Who could tell diffused by new revelations. Who could tell what would be revealed next—what new what would be revealed next—what new insights into the patriarchal past, what insights into the patriarchal past, what stories of Abraham, Moses, or Enoch, what stories of Abraham, Moses, or Enoch, what glimpses into heaven? glimpses into heaven?

Joseph himself could not predict the course Joseph himself could not predict the course or Mormon doctrine. All he could say he or Mormon doctrine. All he could say he summed up [in a later article of faith: “We summed up [in a later article of faith: “We believe all that God has revealed, all that believe all that God has revealed, all that he does not reveal, and we believe that he he does not reveal, and we believe that he will yet reveal many great an important will yet reveal many great an important things pertaining to the kingdom of God.”things pertaining to the kingdom of God.”

Strife August — December 1835

Be assured brethren I am willing to stem the Be assured brethren I am willing to stem the torrent of all opposition, in storms in tempests torrent of all opposition, in storms in tempests in thunders and lightning by sea and by land in thunders and lightning by sea and by land in the wilderness or among false brethren or in the wilderness or among false brethren or mobs or wherever God in his providence may mobs or wherever God in his providence may call us and I am determined that neither call us and I am determined that neither heights nor depths, principalities nor powers, heights nor depths, principalities nor powers, things present or to come, nor any other things present or to come, nor any other creature shall separate me from you (Joseph creature shall separate me from you (Joseph Smith to the Twelve Apostles, January 1836).Smith to the Twelve Apostles, January 1836).

Joseph’s journal for September 22, 1835, Joseph’s journal for September 22, 1835, through April 3, 1836 was the most through April 3, 1836 was the most extensive, comprehensive, and revealing extensive, comprehensive, and revealing he ever kept. The 1835-36 journal contains he ever kept. The 1835-36 journal contains almost daily entries for six months.almost daily entries for six months.

Like everyone raised in the culture, the Like everyone raised in the culture, the Smiths had a clannish loyalty to one Smiths had a clannish loyalty to one another and a fiery resentment against the another and a fiery resentment against the slightest derogation of their worth. In the slightest derogation of their worth. In the culture of honor, one would battle to the culture of honor, one would battle to the death in defense of reputation. An death in defense of reputation. An honorable man who suffered an insult honorable man who suffered an insult would spare nothing to get even.would spare nothing to get even.

Through the fall of 1835, he engaged in a series of small quarrels, domestic disturbances, and squabbles. He did not rise above the fray in the serene majesty of his calling.

While Joseph was sensitive to the spirit of others, he may have been tone-deaf to the spirit of his own words. Unable to bear criticism, he rebuked anyone who challenged him. Benjamin Johnson, a great admirer, said, “Criticism, even by associates, was rarely acceptable, and contradiction would rouse in him the lion at once, for by no one of his fellow would he be superseded or disputed.”

Joseph admitted sometimes being too “harsh from the impulse of the moment.” Then his affection returned. “In as much as I have wounded your feelings, he implored the Twelve, “I ask your forgiveness, for I love you and will hold you up with all my heart in all righteousness before the Lord.” A flood of pledges followed.

Once people gave way, Joseph forgave and Once people gave way, Joseph forgave and forgot the matter. forgot the matter. When he could not have his When he could not have his way, Joseph sometimes rained down curses on way, Joseph sometimes rained down curses on his opponentshis opponents..

Once Joseph said that William was as ugly as Once Joseph said that William was as ugly as the devilthe devil. At this, William rushed Joseph, who . At this, William rushed Joseph, who had pulled off his coat to defend himself. Joseph had pulled off his coat to defend himself. Joseph had to be rescued from William’s blows. When had to be rescued from William’s blows. When he got home, he could not sit or stand without he got home, he could not sit or stand without help. help. Ashamed at being beaten, Joseph Ashamed at being beaten, Joseph explained why his younger brother had won the explained why his younger brother had won the fightfight. .

Joseph had been “marred” by mobbers who had Joseph had been “marred” by mobbers who had debilitated his body, he reminded William.debilitated his body, he reminded William.

Joseph often complained of injuries to his hip Joseph often complained of injuries to his hip and back spasmsand back spasms

On the other hand, he warmly welcomed them On the other hand, he warmly welcomed them back when they were contrite.back when they were contrite.

In a remarkable passage in his journal, he In a remarkable passage in his journal, he moved from simple gratitude to exaltation of moved from simple gratitude to exaltation of the woodcutters who had cut his winter’s wood the woodcutters who had cut his winter’s wood in December.in December.

In the name of Jesus Christ I invoke the rich benediction of In the name of Jesus Christ I invoke the rich benediction of heaven to rest upon them and their families, and I ask my heaven to rest upon them and their families, and I ask my heavenly Father to preserve their health, and those of their heavenly Father to preserve their health, and those of their wives and children, that they may have strength of body to wives and children, that they may have strength of body to perform their labors in their several occupations in life, and perform their labors in their several occupations in life, and the use of activity of their limbs, also powers of intellect the use of activity of their limbs, also powers of intellect and understanding hearts, that they may treasure up and understanding hearts, that they may treasure up wisdom, understanding, and intelligence, above measure, wisdom, understanding, and intelligence, above measure, and be preserved from plagues, pestilence, and famine, and be preserved from plagues, pestilence, and famine, and from the power of the adversary, and the hands of evil and from the power of the adversary, and the hands of evil designing men and have power over all their enemies; and designing men and have power over all their enemies; and the way be prepared before them, that they may journey the way be prepared before them, that they may journey to the land of Zion and be established on their to the land of Zion and be established on their inheritances, to enjoy undisturbed peace and happiness inheritances, to enjoy undisturbed peace and happiness forever, and ultimately to be crowned with everlasting life forever, and ultimately to be crowned with everlasting life in the Celestial Kingdom of God, which blessings I ask in in the Celestial Kingdom of God, which blessings I ask in the name of Jesus of Nazareth.the name of Jesus of Nazareth.

Joseph prayed for 800 to 1,000 Joseph prayed for 800 to 1,000 well-armed men to accomplish well-armed men to accomplish the work of going back and the work of going back and taking Jackson County. David taking Jackson County. David Whitmer was appointed “Captain Whitmer was appointed “Captain of the Lord’s Host.” In September of the Lord’s Host.” In September Joseph challenged the Kirtland Joseph challenged the Kirtland High Council that “we go next High Council that “we go next season to live or die in Jackson season to live or die in Jackson County.”County.”

The Order of HeavenJanuary — April 1836

The winter and spring months of 1836 were among Joseph’s happiest. For a time, everything went right.

Life in Kirtland

How the Smiths paid the bills in those years was a mystery. Joseph’s journal showed no evidence of working for money. He opened a store in Kirtland, but the store was not profitable. The Smith’s never lived well, but in their small house on the hill neither did they starve.

The temple committee was so far in debt it appealed constantly for contributions in order to pay the workers. Joseph negotiated loan after loan until the size of the debt drove him to pleading and bargaining with the Lord.

Heber C. Kimball later estimated final construction cost at between $40,000 and $50,000, a huge sum when a laborer was lucky to receive $400 a year. A large part was paid by one wealthy convert, John Tanner, who donated $13,000 and may have loaned another $30,000.

EndowmentEndowment

The elders were meeting in the temple primarily to The elders were meeting in the temple primarily to prepare for the “endowment of power.” Spiritual prepare for the “endowment of power.” Spiritual blessings, much like an endowment, were received blessings, much like an endowment, were received at first session of the school of the Prophets in at first session of the school of the Prophets in 1833.1833.

Oliver Cowdery told the Twelve, when they were Oliver Cowdery told the Twelve, when they were ordained in February 1835, that they were “not to ordained in February 1835, that they were “not to go to other nations till they received their go to other nations till they received their endowments.” Because they had not known Jesus in endowments.” Because they had not known Jesus in mortality, these modern apostles had to know Him mortality, these modern apostles had to know Him by revelation. “by revelation. “Never cease striving until you have Never cease striving until you have seen God face to faceseen God face to face,” Cowdery told them.,” Cowdery told them.

Joseph was preoccupied with the Joseph was preoccupied with the right order of everything. Church right order of everything. Church councils had to follow the pattern councils had to follow the pattern of the ancients. His history said of the ancients. His history said the cornerstones of the Kirtland the cornerstones of the Kirtland temple were laid “after the order temple were laid “after the order of the priesthood,” which was to of the priesthood,” which was to divide twenty-four priesthood divide twenty-four priesthood holders into four groups of six holders into four groups of six and assign each to a corner.and assign each to a corner.

Beginning at the SoutheastBeginning at the Southeast

A variant of this assemblage of authorities, A variant of this assemblage of authorities, called “the Grand Council,” William W. Phelps called “the Grand Council,” William W. Phelps wrote his wife that the “Grand Council” was wrote his wife that the “Grand Council” was “one of the most interesting meetings he “one of the most interesting meetings he ever saw.”ever saw.”

Women remained invisible in the organization Women remained invisible in the organization and were absent from most ritual events. and were absent from most ritual events. Some resented it. But in this spiritual season, Some resented it. But in this spiritual season, weddings and dinners involving women were weddings and dinners involving women were turned into holy celebrations.turned into holy celebrations.

During the winter, a small committee During the winter, a small committee under Joseph’s direction worked out rules under Joseph’s direction worked out rules for temple conductfor temple conduct::

1.1. No going up the stairs during worship.No going up the stairs during worship.

2.2. No marring the house with knife or pencil.No marring the house with knife or pencil.

3.3. No children playing in the rooms.No children playing in the rooms.

4.4. Speakers were not to be interrupted by Speakers were not to be interrupted by laughter, whispering, or “menacing laughter, whispering, or “menacing gestures.”gestures.”

5.5. Presiding officers were not to be insulted.Presiding officers were not to be insulted.

Decorum apparently had to be perfect for Decorum apparently had to be perfect for the Saints to receive the outpouring of the Saints to receive the outpouring of heaven. heaven.

Later the Saints removed their shoes and Later the Saints removed their shoes and dressed in white on entering the templedressed in white on entering the temple..

In January 1833, Joseph had washed the In January 1833, Joseph had washed the feet of thirteen brethren following the feet of thirteen brethren following the example of Jesus Christ in the gospel of example of Jesus Christ in the gospel of John. In 1836, a new kind of washing, one John. In 1836, a new kind of washing, one for the whole body, was instituted, following for the whole body, was instituted, following Old Testament practices.Old Testament practices.

Oliver Cowdery gave a full description of washings Oliver Cowdery gave a full description of washings performed the previous Saturday.performed the previous Saturday.

Met in the evening with Brother Joseph Smith Jr. at his Met in the evening with Brother Joseph Smith Jr. at his house, in company with Brother John Corrill, and after house, in company with Brother John Corrill, and after pure water was prepared, call upon the Lord and pure water was prepared, call upon the Lord and proceeded to wash each other’s bodies, and bathe the proceeded to wash each other’s bodies, and bathe the same with whiskey, perfumed with cinnamon. This we same with whiskey, perfumed with cinnamon. This we did that we might be clean before the Lord for the did that we might be clean before the Lord for the Sabbath, confessing our sins and covenanting to be Sabbath, confessing our sins and covenanting to be faithful to God. While performing this washing unto the faithful to God. While performing this washing unto the Lord with solemnity, our minds were filled with many Lord with solemnity, our minds were filled with many reflections upon the propriety of the same, and how the reflections upon the propriety of the same, and how the priests anciently used to wash always before priests anciently used to wash always before ministering before the Lord. As we had nearly finished ministering before the Lord. As we had nearly finished the purification. Brother Martin Harris came in and was the purification. Brother Martin Harris came in and was also washed.also washed.

When the brethren met the following Thursday, they added an anointing with oil. While the high councils from Kirtland and Missouri waited in two adjoining rooms, Joseph and six other men attended to “the ordinance of anointing our heads with holy oil.” Joseph Sr. rose and anointed the others in order of age.

One searches in vain for such rituals among Joseph’s Protestant contemporaries. Joseph drew upon ceremonies in Exodus. Later the Saints clothed themselves in holy garments like Aaron.

After Joseph’s anointing, he wrote, “the heavens were opened upon us and I beheld the celestial kingdom of God (D&C 137). He saw the Twelve Apostles in a foreign land “standing together in a circle much fatigued, with their clothes tattered and feet swollen, with their eyes cast downward, and Jesus standing in their midst, and they did not behold him, the Savior looked upon them and wept.” All through the night, Joseph saw visions: Elder McLellin in the south healing a lame man, and Brigham Young in a southwest desert preaching from a rock to a “dozen men of color, who, appeared hostile.” Young was protected by an “angel of God standing above his head with a drawn sword.” Joseph said that many of the brethren “saw glorious visions also.”

Washings and anointings were done from oldest to Washings and anointings were done from oldest to youngest.youngest.

Through January and February, the brethren read Hebrew Through January and February, the brethren read Hebrew by day, and washed, anointed, prayed, and beheld visions by day, and washed, anointed, prayed, and beheld visions by night.by night.

Joseph’s method for bringing his people to holiness differed Joseph’s method for bringing his people to holiness differed from the approach of evangelical preachers. Rather than from the approach of evangelical preachers. Rather than convicting people of their sins, thus humbling them before convicting people of their sins, thus humbling them before God, Joseph relied upon the power of ritual to arouse their God, Joseph relied upon the power of ritual to arouse their spirits.spirits.

Joseph said nothing about a revelation on washings and Joseph said nothing about a revelation on washings and anointings. The only scriptural authorization came from anointings. The only scriptural authorization came from Exodus. Yet Joseph assured the brethren that the orders Exodus. Yet Joseph assured the brethren that the orders were “according to the mind of God.” He introduced the were “according to the mind of God.” He introduced the washings, anointings, and sealings as rigorously as any washings, anointings, and sealings as rigorously as any commandment.commandment.

AftermathAftermath

After the seven-month suspension, the missionaries After the seven-month suspension, the missionaries were to return to the field to gather Israel, were to return to the field to gather Israel, empowered now by their spiritual experiences.empowered now by their spiritual experiences.

The next Sunday, about a thousand people attended The next Sunday, about a thousand people attended the morning service and returned in the afternoon for the morning service and returned in the afternoon for the sacraments. At the conclusion, Joseph and the sacraments. At the conclusion, Joseph and Cowdery went into one of the pulpits and had the veil Cowdery went into one of the pulpits and had the veil dropped, cutting them off from view of the dropped, cutting them off from view of the congregation. In seclusion, they experienced one of congregation. In seclusion, they experienced one of Joseph’s most spectacular visions, later recorded by Joseph’s most spectacular visions, later recorded by Warren Cowdery, Joseph’s clerk and Oliver’s brother Warren Cowdery, Joseph’s clerk and Oliver’s brother (D&C 110).(D&C 110).

The frequency of announced The frequency of announced revelations slowed in ensuing revelations slowed in ensuing years. Doctrine came through years. Doctrine came through sermons. The revelation sermons. The revelation behind the veil suggested that behind the veil suggested that Joseph was moving ahead of Joseph was moving ahead of his followers. He began to his followers. He began to speak of revelations they speak of revelations they could not bear.could not bear.

Daniel TylerDaniel Tyler: “I had the inestimable blessing of : “I had the inestimable blessing of receiving my endowments and teachings given in receiving my endowments and teachings given in the temple.the temple.

George A. SmithGeorge A. Smith: “I passed through the : “I passed through the ordinances of endowments and received much ordinances of endowments and received much instruction and many manifestations of the spirit.instruction and many manifestations of the spirit.

Artemus MilletArtemus Millet: “I was then ordained an Elder, : “I was then ordained an Elder, and got my endowments in the Temple and in and got my endowments in the Temple and in 1836 went on a mission.1836 went on a mission.

Heber C. KimballHeber C. Kimball: “I….received my washings and : “I….received my washings and anointings…and…all the blessings and ordinances anointings…and…all the blessings and ordinances of endowment which were then administered.”of endowment which were then administered.”