MEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAE 02 Engineering Graphics & Sketching.

MEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAEMEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAE02 Engineering Graphics & Sketching

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 20050

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ContentsContents Overview Sketching Engineering graphics & manual drawing

Drawing tools Drawing sheets and layout Lettering Lines Scale Abbreviations


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Overview Overview Engineering graphics communication involves

the use of visual material to convey technical ideas and problem solutions.

Engineering or technical drawing – one of the most widely used method.

Definition of drawing: A graphic representation of an idea, concept or an

entity which actually or potentially exists in life.


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OverviewOverview Importance:

A way of communication between engineers at all stages of the design & problem solving from initial ideas, design, analysis & manufacturing.

For Visualisation, Communication and Documentation

VisualisationThe ability to

mentally picture things that do not exist in front of the

eyes.

CommunicationThe design solution

should be communicated to

others without ambiguity

Documentation Permanent record of the solution for future

reference.


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OverviewOverview Types of drawing :

artistic technical Illustrations rendering

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OverviewOverview

Examples of different drawing types

A dimensioned technical/mechanical drawing 3-D computer model of the interior of an office building

SketchingSketching


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SketchingSketching

3 methods of creating technical drawings Freehand, mechanical & digital

Technical sketching is the process of producing a rough preliminary drawing representing the main features of a product or structure

Normally done by freehand, generally less finished, less structured/ restricted, & take less time to produce


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SketchingSketching Technical sketches

Used extensively in the first stage of design process to visualise or convey ideas

An informal tool used by everyone involved in the design & manufacture of a product


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SketchingSketching Sketching tool

Paper, pencils, eraser Sketching technique e.g.

Straight line sketch Circle & arc Component (proportional sketch) Pictorial sketch

In sketching, proportionality is important. Even though it is a freehand sketch, the lines

should be relatively sharp and straight for a good quality sketch.

Mechanical

Sketched


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SketchingSketching

Sketching straight line


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SketchingSketching Sketching circle

Sketching circleSketching component

(proportional)


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SketchingSketching Multi-view and pictorial sketches

Engineering Graphics & Manual DrawingEngineering Graphics & Manual Drawing


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Engineering graphicsEngineering graphics Drawings are widely used in engineering

applications: manufacturing, design, structural, electrical, etc.

Standards and conventions To ensure everybody using the same method Commonly used:

ANSI, ASME, ISO, JIS, MS, DIN, BS What will you learn

Producing engineering drawings Interpreting engineering drawings Graphics theory, visualisation, standards, conventions, applications,etc.


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Engineering graphicsEngineering graphics E.g. Anatomy of a technical drawing

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MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 1


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Drawing layoutDrawing layout One of the important aspect in technical

drawing is the layout What is drawing layout? Example of engineering drawing with layout Paper size ‘Components’ of a layout Title block Our layout


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Drawing layoutDrawing layout Drawing layout is the standard template and

components of a drawing E.g.


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Drawing layoutDrawing layout Drawing sheets – paper sizes

Usually based on 'A' series Drawing sheets material -

paper, linen, plastic film Drawing sheet layout

Sheet frames or border Usually 20mm for A0 &

A1, 10mm for others Title block or title frame

Represents general information source for a drawing

Usually at bottom right-hand corner

A1

A2

A3

A4

A4

A0 : 1189x841

A1 : 841 x 594

A2 : 594 x 420

A3 : 420 X 297

A4 : 297 X 210

A5 : 210 X 148

A6 : 148 X 105

All in mm


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Title BlockThe title block is normally placed in the bottom right of the drawing frame, and it should contain the following information: - the name of the company or organization - the title of the drawing - the drawing number, which is generally a unique filing identifier - the scale - the angle of projection used, either first or third, generally shown symbolically - the signature or initials of the draftsman, checker, approving officer, and issuing officer, with the respective dates -other information as required

Material or Parts ListIf the drawing contains a number of parts, or if it is an assembly drawing, a tabulated parts list is attached to the bottom right of the drawing frame, just above the title block. The parts list should give the following information: the part number the part name the quantity required material specifications the drawing number of each individual part other applicable information When the parts list is very large a separate drawing sheet may be used for the parts list alone.

Revision TableA revision table is normally located in the upper right of the drawing frame, or at the bottom on the left side of the title block. All modifications to the drawing should be documented here.

ZoningA drawing may be divided up into a grid using letters and numbers. When zoning is used it is located inside the drawing frame. Zoning allows easy references to various parts of the drawing by referencing a coordinate such as C7.

http://www.metrication.com/drafting/layout.htm

Drawing layout - componentsDrawing layout - components


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Drawing layout – title blockDrawing layout – title block A title block is the form on which the actual

drawing is a section. The title block includes the border and the various sections for providing quality, administrative and technical information. The importance of the title block cannot be minimised as it includes all the information which enables the drawing to be intepreted, identified and archived.

E.g.


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Our layoutOur layout

10m

m

10mm 10mm

Paper Size : A2 (594mm x 420mm)

regular paper size

drawing frame

UNIVERSTI TENAGA NASIONAL

TITLEALL DIMENSIONS IN mm

Border width : 10mm all round

NAME

150 150

30 45

10

Lettering height : 7mm

30

COURSE NO.

SID SECTION

SCALEDATE

UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm

TOLERANCESLINEAR:ANGULAR

FINISH AS MACHINE

MATERIAL CAST STEEL

DRAWN BYMY FULL NAME IS VERY LONGME 000000 SEC 01ADATE: 04/07/2005

CHECKED BY

UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

DRAWING TITLE

SCALE 1:1 DWG NO. 001 SHEET 1 OF 1


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LetteringLettering

Text is an important part of a technical drawing. Not all info required on technical dwg can be communicate graphically such as dimensions.

One method of creating text is by freehand lettering. The standard style for freehand lettering is single-stroke Gothic lettering.


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LetteringLettering Characteristic of good lettering

Should be neat, not sloppy Should be uniform and

consistent i.e. same height, proportion & inclination – use guidelines

Should have proper spacing of letters and words

Should not contain unnecessary frills

Should use capital letters except for standard abbreviation e.g. mm, kg

Recommended minimum height 2.5mm

Recommended height 5mm to 7mm

Underlining of lettering should be avoided

MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 2


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LinesLines Different line types for different purposes - to ensure drawing to be

read quickly & accurately Types of lines and thickness of line Commonly used line types & thickness:

Pencil

Description Usage Example

B/2B/0.5mm

Continuous thick

Drawing outlines & visible edges

Continuous thin

Hatching, dimension & projection lines

Continuous wavy thick

Limit of partial view

Dashed thin Hidden detail

Long & short dash thin

Center lines

2H/H/0.3mm

2H/H/0.3mm

2H/H/0.3mm

B/2B/0.5mm


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LinesLines

Standard line types used in technical drawing


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ScaleScale What does it mean? Scale indicates the relative size of the drawing object with the real

object Scale used should always be stated on drawing – a very

important info that is usually written in the title block. 'do not scale' / 'not to scale‘ / NTS – the drawing is not drawn to a

certain scale Recommended scale

1:1 for full size for greater than full size

2:1 for twice full size 10:1 for ten times full size

for reduced size 1:2 for half full size 1:10 for tenth full size

other common scale 1:5, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:500 etc.

Actualsize

1:1

2:1 1:2


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AbbreviationsAbbreviationsWord/ phrase AbbreviationsAssembly ASSYCentre line CL orChamfer CHAMCountersink CSINKCounterbore CBOREMaterial MATLMaximum MAXMinimum MINNumber NOPitch CircleDiameter PCDRadius RAD or RRequired REQD

Word/ phrase AbbreviationsCylinder CYLDiameter DIA orExternal EXTFigure FIGHexagon HEXInternal INTSpecification SPECSquare SQStandard STDMAX MATLcondition MMCVolume VOLWeight WT

End of chapter [02]End of chapter [02]References:- Engineering Drawing, A.W. Boundy, McGraw-Hill, 2000- Fundamentals of Graphics Communication 3rd Edition, Gary Bertoline & Eric Weibe, McGraw-Hill

MEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAE 02 Engineering Graphics & Sketching.

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Transcript of MEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAE 02 Engineering Graphics & Sketching.