Melon · 2019. 8. 23. · Melon SARP 2014 Page 4 2. The Australian melon industry The Australian...
Transcript of Melon · 2019. 8. 23. · Melon SARP 2014 Page 4 2. The Australian melon industry The Australian...
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Melon
Strategic Agrichemical Review Process
2014 HAL Project - MT10029
Crop Protection Research Pty Ltd
Checkbox 3D Pty Ltd
April 2014
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Horticulture Australia project no:
MT10029 – Managing pesticide access in horticulture.
Contact:
Noelene Davis Checkbox 3D Pty Ltd
PO Box 187 Beecroft NSW 2119
Ph: 0424 625 267 Email: [email protected]
Purpose of the report: Horticulture Australia and the Australian Melon Association Inc. prepared this report on the pest
problems, agrichemical usage and pest management alternatives for the industry across Australia.
The information in this report will assist the industry with its agrichemical selection and usage into the future.
Funding sources:
MT10029 - This project has been funded by HAL using the vegetable industry levy and across industry funds with matched funds from the Australian Government.
Date of report: 30 April 2014
Disclaimer:
Any recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent current Horticulture
Australia Ltd policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication without first obtaining independent professional advice in respect of the matters set out in this publication.
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Contents
1. MEDIA SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 2
2. THE AUSTRALIAN MELON INDUSTRY ........................................................................................................................ 4
3. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.2. MINOR USE PERMITS AND REGISTRATION ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.3. METHODS .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 6
4. PESTS AND DISEASES OF MELON .............................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 DISEASES OF MELON ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 4.1.1 Priority diseases .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Gummy stem blight .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthiis can be causal organisms on melons) ................. 8 Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) .......................................................................................................................... 8 Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spp.) ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Cercospora leaf-spot (Cercospora citrullina) .............................................................................................................................. 8 Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum orbiculare) ...................................................................................................................... 9 A number of fungicides are registered for control of the disease. ............................................................................................ 9 Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahlia)........................................................................................................................................ 10 Post-harvest fruit rots and soil-borne diseases ........................................................................................................................ 10 Current fungicide options for diseases of melons .................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 INSECTS OF MELON ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 4.2.1 Sucking and piercing insects ............................................................................................................................. 13
Aphids ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Thrips ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Whitefly ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Mites ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Fruit fly ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Current insecticide options for sucking and piercing insects ................................................................................................... 16
4.2.2 Chewing insects ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Lepidopteran pests (Helicoverpa and Cucumber Moth) .......................................................................................................... 18 Cutworms ................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Current insecticide options for chewing pests ......................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.3 Borers ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 Current insecticide options for borers ..................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 NEMATODES ................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Current insecticide options for nematodes ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.3 WEEDS OF MELON ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 General weed control .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Nutgrass ................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Herbicides registered and used in melons ............................................................................................................................... 22
5. REFERENCES AND RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................ 23
6. APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Appendix 1. Currently available melon fungicides ................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix 2. Currently available melon insecticides ................................................................................................................. 26 Appendix 3. Brand names associated with generic active ingredients .................................................................................... 29 Appendix 4. MRLs relevant to melon ....................................................................................................................................... 31 Appendix 6. Permits for use in melon ...................................................................................................................................... 35
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1. Media Summary
A Strategic Agrichemical Review Process (SARP) through the process of a desktop audit and industry liaison assesses the importance of the diseases, insects and weeds that can affect a horticultural industry; evaluates
the availability and effectiveness of fungicides, insecticides and herbicides to control the plant pests;
determines any gaps in the pest control strategy and identifies suitable new or alternatives pesticides to address the gaps.
Alternative pesticides should ideally be selected for benefits of:
Integrated pest management (IPM) compatibility
Improved scope for resistance management
Sound biological profile
Residue and trade acceptance domestically and for export
A SARP workshop for melons was conducted in 2013. The results of the process provide the industry with
options to prioritise for resource allocation and action, in particular for:
Registration and permits to pursue with the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Association (APVMA).
IPM strategy development
Increased understanding of the causes and best management of pests and diseases.
Growers strive to utilise innovative, non-chemical solutions and IPM practices. Biological controls have a useful place but there are a limited number available for melons. There is also the problem that pests may
come in swarms after long spells with none, depending on conditions that favour their build up or influx. In
these situations biologicals are usually inappropriate as swift action is called for.
The older, broad spectrum chemistry is commonly needed by growers and has cost and availability benefits,
although overuse can have noticeable consequences, such as mite flare.
The registration of some new chemistry into melons has accelerated and is welcomed by melon growers. It is
important for the industry to work closely with registrants to communicate their needs and help in the
development of use patterns for new products.
Fusarium and sucking insects were identified during the SARP process as the most critical pest issues facing
melon-growers.
Priorities for action
The SARP process has identified priorities for action. Industry input will now be needed to determine resourcing and an order of action.
The status of priority pests and diseases and potential solutions, identified as an outcome of the 2013-4 SARP
process, can be seen in the following tables.
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Priority diseases Priority ranking Potential strategies
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) High priority for control and for action
- Identify and access alternate chemistry to manage Fusarium wilt.
- Investigate and identify best management practices for disease control.
- Research diseases and disease complexes: improved identification and understanding of causes should facilitate selection of appropriate chemical and other management techniques.
- Consider need to renew PER10979 (Bupirimate (NIMROD^, expires Sept 2014) for powdery mildew control. Allocate resources as required.
Gummy stem blight (Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthiis can be causal organisms on melons)
Low-medium (Location dependent - diseases are, in general a greater problem in Queensland).
Difficulty in diagnosis of causal organism can make prioritisation a problem
Powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthiis can be causal organisms on melons)
Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)
Foliar disease caused by Alternaria spp.
Cercospora leaf-spot (Colletotrichum orbiculare)
Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum orbiculare)
Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahlia)
Post-harvest fruit rots and soil-borne diseases Not well understood at this stage.
Priority insects Priority ranking Potential strategies
Aphids Sucking insects are a high priority for control. (Location dependent: insects are, in general a greater problem in Queensland).
High priority for action
Sucking and piercing insects:
- Access, via permit, to methomyl for control of aphids
- Consider need to renew PER12221 (petroleum oil, expires Nov 2017) for control of various pests. Allocate resources as required.
- Investigation and potentially pursuit of alternate, soft chemistry for sucking insects, particularly aphids, thrips and mites. Possibilities include the following, suggested by SARP participants:
- methomyl, for aphid control
- abamectin, as a cost effective alternative, for mite control.
- Since the time of the SARP discussions with industry, new market entrants and the applications for use of bifenazate (including ACRAMITE^) and etoxazole (including PARAMITE^) under permit have reduce the need for additional chemistry. These two permit applications were submitted in March 2014 with an 8 month timeframe for assessment.
- Research into IPM and best management strategies that can be implemented in the management of sucking insects.
Whitefly
Mites
Thrips
Fruit fly
Lepidopteran pests
(Helicoverpa, Cucumber moth and cutworms specifically identified by growers)
Chewing insects are a medium priority for control and a low priority for new industry initiatives
- Investigate the need to renew methomyl permits and, if necessary, allocate resources to generate the required data.
- Consider the need for alternate chemistry (noting that new products have become available since the melon SARP process commenced.
- Develop IPM strategies
Nematodes Low-medium priority for control. (Location dependent). Low priority for new initiatives
- Investigate nematodes of significance and best management practices.
- Note that the new Farmoz nematicide, fluensulfone, is in assessment at the APVMA, with cucurbits included in the proposed use pattern.
Priority weeds Priority ranking Potential strategies
General weed control
Low-Moderate Consider permit options:
- in-crop weed control - selective nut-grass control
No chemicals were nominated by growers for consideration. Halosulfuron-methyl could be investigated as publically available data indicates efficacy.
Nutgrass
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2. The Australian melon industry
The Australian Melon Industry is an innovative, resourceful and dynamic horticultural industry with a growing
consumer demand for their product. Melons are emerging as one of Australia’s leading sunrise industries. The
Australian Melon Association Inc. is the national peak body representing the Australian melon industry.
Melons are from the Cucurbitaceae family. They grow on trailing vines on the ground, and are large fruit with
thick rinds. Seedlings cultivated in plant nurseries are grown in raised soil beds.
The three main types are Rockmelon, Watermelon and Honeydew Melon but there are also Galia, Charentais
and Hami melons on the Australian market - recently there have been yellow watermelons available.
(Australian Melon Association, 2014)
In 2011/12 183,032 t of melons with a GVP (Gross value of production) of $165M were produced by 384
growers. Watermelon is the main melon type, followed by rockmelon and honeydew.
The main melon growing states and production volumes are as follows:
Area (ha) Production
(t)
Yield (t/ha)
Queensland 2,853 70,462 38% 24.7
Northern Territory 1,402 44,657 24% 31.8
Western Australia 1,027 30,115 16% 29.3
New South Wales 1,157 28,171 15% 24.3
South Australia 251 5,433 3% 21.7
Victoria 110 4,194 2% 38.2
6,800 183,032
(ABS 2013)
The major export markets are:
Melons - UAE (2,785 t, $4.85M, 2010/11), Singapore (2,562 t, $3.84M, 2010/11) and New Zealand (1,667 t,
$2.31M, 2010/11). (HAL 2012)
Watermelons - New Zealand (1,618 t, $1.65M, 2010/11), UAE (325 t, $0.38M, 2010/11) and PNG (57 t, $0.07M, 2010/11). (HAL 2012)
Melon imports are comparatively lower than exports, with 12.02 t valued at $0.05M being imported in 2010/11. The major source countries were Thailand and China. (HAL 2012)
3. Introduction 3.1. Background
Growers of some horticultural crops suffer from a lack of legal access to crop protection products (pesticides).
The problem may be that whilst a relatively small crop area is valuable in an agricultural sense, it is not of
sufficient size for agchem manufacturers to justify the expense of registering a product use on that crop. Alternately, the disease, pest, or weed problem may be regional or spasmodic, making agchem companies
unwilling to bear the initial high cost of registering suitable pesticides. As an added complication some horticultural crops may be grown in protected cropping or hydroponic situations. These can have a significant
impact on pesticide performance and residue outcomes, further increasing product development requirements
and registration costs.
Growers may at times be in a situation where they face severe losses from diseases, pests and weeds if they
do nothing to protect their crops, or face penalties if they use a product that is not registered or available via
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a permit. The melon industry is aware of the possible consequences of the use of unregistered or non-
permitted pesticides. These can include: produce with unauthorised pesticide residues; rejection at both local and export market levels; placing Australian export trading arrangements in jeopardy, and; fines and
penalties.
Environmental concerns, consumer demands, and public opinion are also significant influences in the
marketplace related to pest management practices. Industry/IPM Practitioners must strive to implement best
management practices and tools to incorporate a pest management regime where strategies work in harmony with each other to achieve the desired effects while posing the least risks.
Pesticides have always been an important tool in the production of melons. They control the various diseases, insects and weeds that affect the crop and can cause severe economic loss in modern high intensity growing
operations. Pesticides are utilized to maximise crop yield, quality and customer appeal.
From a pesticide access perspective, the APVMA classifies melons as a major crop. The crop fits within the
APVMA crop group 011 Fruiting vegetables – cucurbits, in subgroup 2 with marrow, pumpkin and squash.
As a consequence of the issues facing the melon industry regarding pesticide access, Horticulture Australia Ltd and the melon industry undertook a review of pesticide requirements via a Strategic Agrichemical Review
Process (SARP). The aim was to determine solutions (primarily pesticide) to current and future pest threats.
This SARP process identified diseases, insect pests and weeds of major concern to the melon industry.
Against these threats available registered or permitted pesticides, along with non-pesticide solutions, were
evaluated for overall suitability in terms of IPM, resistance, residues, withholding period, efficacy, trade, human safety and environmental issues. Where tools were unavailable or unsuitable the process aimed to
identify potential future solutions.
This report is not a comprehensive assessment of all pests and control methods impacting on melon
production in Australia but attempts to prioritise the major problems.
3.2. Minor use permits and registration
Melons are classified as major by the APVMA. Therefore access to minor use permits can be difficult, and will
only be granted for limited uses within the crop. Possible justification for future permit applications could be based on:
New disease, insect or weed identified as a cropping issue No pesticide available
Current pesticides no longer work – resistance Current pesticides limiting trade
IPM, environmental or operator issues
Loss of pesticides due to removal from market New, effective pesticide registered in another crop
Alternate pesticide has overseas registration or minor use permit
With each of these options, sound, scientific argument is required to justify any new registrations or permit
applications.
Another option for the industry is for manufacturers to register new pesticides uses in the crop.
3.3. Methods
This melon SARP was conducted in 2013-14 and this report prepared following a series of facilitative steps
with industry and further desktop research subsequent to the process. Steps included:
1. September, 2013. Pre-SARP information gathering in consultation with the Australain Melon Industry.
2. September 26, 2013. The SARP workshop was conducted at Bundaberg in an open forum held as one of the events constituting the Melon Industry Conference
3. October-December 2013. The information gathered during the SARP workshop were collated and
distributed to industry for confirmation of workshop outcomes and as an opportunity for input and comment.
4. Feb-April 2014. Industry comments added to those from the meeting and the final SARP report prepared.
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3.4. Results and discussions
Detail
Results and discussions are presented in the body of this document.
Appendices
Refer to additional information in the appendices:
Appendix 1. Currently available melon fungicides
Appendix 2. Currently available melon insecticides
Appendix 3. Brand names associated with generic active ingredients
Appendix 4. MRLs relevant to melon
Appendix 5. Current melon permits
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4. Pests and diseases of melon
4.1 Diseases of melon
4.1.1 Priority diseases
Whilst a number of diseases impact melon crops, Fusarium was considered by growers to be the most critical disease issue in melons.
The SARP process considered a range of initiatives that could be undertaken to address disease. Priorities
include:
- Identifying and accessing alternate chemistry to manage Fusarium wilt.
- Investigation and identification of best management practices for disease control.
- Research into diseases and disease complexes. Improved identification and understanding of causes
should facilitate selection of appropriate chemical and other management techniques.
Further industry input is needed to prioritise the possible activities.
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) Priority for control
Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
niveum ((Engel and Martyn, 2014)
Fusarium wilt is a soil borne disease. Symptoms are similar on all cucurbits and are
dependent on several factors, including the
amount of inoculum in the soil, environmental conditions, nutrients and host
susceptibility. Fusarium wilt is characterized by loss of turgor pressure of the vines. Vines
may recover during the evening, but
eventually wilt permanently (Engel and Martyn, 2014). Cultural controls may include
avoidance of planting on soil with a history of the disease, long rotations and planting of
clean, quality seed of resistant varieties.
High (All states)
Grafted seedlings provide some control but this is expensive and there is no medium-long-term, cost effective control option available. Farm hygiene is imperative.
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
- Growers would like new chemical treatment options for control of Fusarium spp. but they did not nominate any potential products. Cucumber growers have had success with limited
testing of thiabendazole as a seed dressing, and post-transplant drenches of prochloraz or azoxystrobin. There are no local or overseas MRLs for the first two but azoxystrobin is
already registered on melons so could be a possibility to trial.
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
- Scope a project to develop monitoring and diagnostic aids for predicting and managing soil-borne diseases in melons. (similar project to HAL project VX99029 for the tomato
industry is proposed)
- Grafting and genetics.
- Grafted seedlings provide some control but this process is expensive.
- Fusarium wilt will probably be best managed via a combination of grafting and genetics.
- Scope a project to better understand selection of the right rootstock / scion combinations.
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Anthracnose disease, downy mildew, foliar disease caused by Alternaria spp., gummy stem blight and powdery mildew
Priority for control
Gummy stem blight (Didymella bryoniae)
Gummy stem blight can affect all above-ground
plant parts at all growth stages. Symptoms vary with the plant stage and may include: leaf spots,
foliage wilting and death; stem cankers with characteristic red or brown
(QDAFF, 2014)
High (Qld)
Medium (NSW, SA)
Low (WA,
NT)
gummy fluid; spotted and blackened fruit, and; crown rot which may kill the plant.
The fungus is seed-borne and can survive in soil and plant material. The disease can cause economic loss in cucurbits, particularly in tropical areas.
Cultural controls should be employed alongside fungicide treatments, and include rotating cucurbits with other crops on a two-year basis and destroying organic debris at the end of a
cucurbit crop by deep ploughing.
(QDAFF, 2014)
Powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthiis can be causal organisms on melons)
Powdery mildew occurs as patches of whitish, powdery growth (mycelium) on the surface of plant parts. The disease reduces leaf efficiency which may reduce crop yield, and fruit may be
scaarred and downgraded.
Both protectant and curative fungicides contribute to disease control.
Removal of diseased crop parts and debris reduces inoculum levels.
(QDAFF 2014, Lebeda et al . 2011 )
High (Qld)
Low (other States)
Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)
Downy mildew affects foliage and can reduce photosynthetic activity, leading to crop yield. Symptoms vary with the melon type. On watermelon irregular shaped lesions on the foliage
turn brown and curl the leaves. Symptoms may be mistaken for those of other diseases.
Management techniques may include cultural practices that increase airflow and minimise moisture in the plant canopy, moving the planting date and using resistant plant varieties, if
available
(Colucci and Holmes, 2010)
High (Qld)
Medium (SA)
Low (other
States)
Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spp.)
The disease causes spotting on leaves. The spots cn enlarge to 2-3 cms in diameter. Distinctive
concentric rings appear around the spots. Sunny
days with frequent rain favour disease development.
Good hygiene is required as the fungus will over winter on plant residue and can be spread on
tools and water splashes.
High (SA)
Medium (Qld, NSW)
Low (WA, NT)
Cercospora leaf-spot (Cercospora citrullina)
Damage occurs primarily to leaves. Lesions don’t form on the fruit but if the disease is severe
enough to cause defoliation, fruit yield and quality can suffer.
Low
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Disease Priority for
control
Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum orbiculare)
Anthracnose requires wet, cool conditions over several days for disease development.
Symptoms include spots on leaves and, in infected fruit, black, circular, sunken cankers.
The disease may be managed by destruction of
crop debris, crop rotation and use of clean seeds.
(Williamson, 2014)
Medium
(NSW)
Low (other States)
A number of fungicides are registered for control of the disease.
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
- Systemic chemistry.
Cercospora leaf-spot can be controlled if identified properly. It is adequately controlled
with chlorothalonil which is registered for use in this crop for this disease.
Multiple fungicides with diversity in mode-of-action are available for control of Anthracnose, downy mildew, Alternaria, gummy stem blight and powdery mildew.
Whilst products from a spread of chemical groups are available, growers felt there was limited systemic chemistry available for the management of Gummy stem blight,
Alternaria, Anthracnose and Cercospora. Fungicides that distribute well throughout the
canopy and have some curative ability, which is lacking in the older protectant classes of chemistry, are desirable.
With the introduction of Penthiopyrad (FONTELIS^) to the market have an additional option.
- Renewal of PER10979 (Bupirimate (NIMROD^) ) for Powdery mildew control.
Allocate budget and scope project, if necessary, for generation of data necessary to renew.
undecided
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
- Scope a project(s) to determine best management practices for control of fungal diseases, collectively or individually.
Access to agrichemicals for the diseases doesn’t appear to be an issue for industry;
however, collectively, they remain as a medium-high priority. Possible explanations are: Chemical resistance, poor-application (rates, timing, etc.), correct identification of
diseases, selection of appropriate agrichemical for disease pressure, and agronomic
parameters which influence disease.
In circumstances when highly conducive weather conditions prevail, the mildew diseases
are difficult to control and powdery mildew disease development is believed to be exacerbated when fruit load increases
- Such a project would enhance industry’s ability to identify and monitor for diseases and implement appropriate control measures.
- This project may be in combination with the investigative project proposed for Fusarium wilt.
- There may also be the need for a project(s) that seek a greater understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases.
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Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahlia) Priority for control
Verticillium wilt is a vascular wilt disease that may be confused with Fusarium wilt, as the
symptoms are very similar. Neither fungus readily sporulates on the surface of the plant and confirmation of the causal agent may require isolation of the pathogen and observation under
a microscope (Engel and Martyn, 2014)
Growers did not identify Verticillium wilt as an issue, but this could be because of difficulty in diagnosing the cause of wilts.
Not
identified as an issue
Recommendations Priority for action
None -
Post-harvest fruit rots and soil-borne diseases Priority for control
Causal organisms include the pathogens associated with sudden vine decline and root rots in Australia.
Fungal fruit rots are particularly a problem of rockmelons
Verticillium has been isolated from wilting watermelons and another fungus, Plectosphaerella cucumerina (formally called Fusarium tabacinum - that has been recorded in Australia), associated with wilting rockmelons in Bundaberg. This latter fungus and related fungi have been shown to be associated with cucurbit collapse in other countries. There are various
Pythium species also associated with root rots and collapse in Australia.
These pathogens haven't been well researched in Australian on melons and they form disease
complexes (along with Fusarium spp.) so they are not easily identified by growers.
Not categorised
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
A current ACIAR project has a component looking at efficacy of post-harvest fungicide dips for
melons.
No Permits / registrations have been proposed in the current SARP process
N/A
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
Consider projects focused on determining the importance of these diseases in the Australian
melon growing industry
No priority
assigned
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Current fungicide options for diseases of melons
Disease Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical
group WHP, days
Activity
Alternaria Fruit Rot Guazatine Acetates Rockmelon, post-harvest dip
M7 NR Protective, Curative
Imazalil Rockmelon, post harvest
3 NR Systemic
Alternaria Leaf Blight / spot
Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Dimethomorph Qld, NT only, Cucurbits
40 7 Systemic, Contact
Mancozeb + metalaxyl-M/metalaxyl
Cucurbits, Qld M3+4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Angular Leaf Spot (Pseudomonas sp.)
Copper Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Anthracnose Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Copper Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Dimethomorph Qld, NT only, Cucurbits
40 7 Systemic, Contact
Mancozeb Cucurbits M3 7 Protectant
Mancozeb + metalaxyl-
M/metalaxyl
Cucurbits, Qld M3+4 7 Systemic, Protective,
Curative
Oxadixyl+propineb (REBOUND^) Cucurbits 4+M3 3 Contact, Systemic
Zineb Cucurbits 7 Protectant
Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas sp.)
Copper Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Belly Rot / Rhizoctonia Ground Rot
Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Cercospora leaf-spot (Target Leafspot)
Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Damping Off (Pythium spp,, Phytophthora spp.
Metalaxyl-M /metalaxyl Cucurbits 4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Downy Mildew Azoxystrobin Cuc, Greenhouse 11 1 Protective, Curative
Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Copper Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Dimethomorph Qld, NT only, Cucurbits
40 7 Systemic, Contact
Mancozeb Cucurbits M3 7 Protectant
Mancozeb + metalaxyl-M/metalaxyl
Cucurbits, Qld M3+4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Metiram (POLYRAM^) Cucurbits M3 2 Protectant
Oxadixyl+propineb (REBOUND^) Cucurbits 4+M3 3 Contact, Systemic
Phosphorous acid Cucurbits 33 NR Contact
Propineb (ANTRACOL^) Cucurbits 3 3 Protectant
Zineb Cucurbits 7 Protectant
Fusarium Fruit Rot Guazatine Acetates Rockmelon, post-harvest dip
M7 NR Protective, Curative
Imazalil Rockmelon, post harvest
3 NR Systemic
Grey Mould Penthiopyrad (FONTELIS^) Cucurbits 7 1 Broad-Spectrum Systemic
Gummy Stem Blight Azoxystrobin Cuc, Greenhouse 11 1 Protective, Curative
Chlorothalonil Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Copper Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Dimethomorph Qld, NT only, Cucurbits
40 7 Systemic, Contact
Mancozeb Cucurbits M3 7 Protectant
Mancozeb + metalaxyl-M/metalaxyl
Cucurbits, Qld M3+4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Metiram (POLYRAM^) Cucurbits M3 2 Protectant
Oxadixyl+propineb (REBOUND^) Cucurbits 4+M3 3 Contact, Systemic
Penthiopyrad (FONTELIS^) Cucurbits 7 1 Broad-Spectrum Systemic
Pink Mould Rot Guazatine Acetates Rockmelon, post- M7 NR Protective, Curative
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Disease Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
(Trichothecium roseum)
harvest dip
Imazalil Rockmelon, post harvest
3 NR Systemic
Powdery Mildew Azoxystrobin Cuc, Greenhouse 11 1 Protective, Curative
Boscalid + Kresoxim-Methyl (COLLIS^)
Cucurbits, field 7+11 7 Protective, Curative
Bupirimate (NIMROD^) Melons, Not watermelons
8 1 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Bupirimate (NIMROD^) (PER10979 exp Sep 2014)
Cucurbits 8 1 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Copper Copper octanoate (TRICOP^), cucurbits
M1 1 Contact
Cyflufenamid (FLUTE^) Cucurbits U6 1 Protectant, Curative
Fenarimol (RUBIGAN^) Cucurbits 3 3 Protective, Curative
Hydrogen Peroxide+ Peroxyacetic Acid (PERATEC PLUS^)
Cucurbits M 1 Contact
Metrafenone (VIVANDO^) Cucurbits U8 7 Protectant, Curative
Oxythioquinox (MORESTAN^) Cucurbits 14 7 Systemic, Protective And Curative
Penthiopyrad (FONTELIS^) Cucurbits 7 1 Broad-Spectrum Systemic
Proquinazid (TALENDO^) Cucurbits, field only
13 1 Local Systemic Fungicide With Translaminar Effects
Tea tree oil (TIMOREX^) Cucurbits _ NR Contact
Triadimefon NSW, WA only 3 1 Systemic, Protectant, Curative
Triadimenol Cucurbits 3 1
Rhizopus Soft Rot Guazatine Acetates Rockmelon, post-harvest dip
M7 NR Protective, Curative
Imazalil Rockmelon, post harvest
3 NR Systemic
Septoria Spot Mancozeb Cucurbits M3 7 Protectant
Soil Borne Diseases Incl Fusarium, Verticillium Wilts, Rhizoctonia, Pythium
1,3-dichloropropene + Chloropicrin
Vegetables, Pre-plant
_ NR Contact, Fumigant
Sour Rot (Geotrichum candidum)
Guazatine Acetates Rockmelon, post-harvest dip
M7 NR Protective, Curative
Imazalil Rockmelon, post harvest
3 NR Systemic
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 13
4.2 Insects of melon 4.2.1 Sucking and piercing insects
During the SARP process growers identified sucking pests, along with Fusarium, as the most critical issue
facing melon-growers. A number of actions were put foreward and will need a refined prioritisation.
Sucking insects are considered a high priority for action.
In summary, the following have been proposed:
- Access, via permit, to methomyl for control of aphids
- Investigation and potentially pursuit of other, alternate, soft chemistry for sucking insects, particularly aphids, thrips and mites. Possibilities include the following, suggested by SARP participants
- methomyl, for aphid control - abamectin, as a cost effective alternative, for mite control
Note that the need for additional chemistry has decreased somewhat since the time of the SARP discussions with new market entrants and the application for use of etoxazole (including
PARAMITE^) under permit for mite control.
- Research into IPM and best management strategies that can be implemented in the management of sucking insects.
Aphids Priority for control
Aphids themselves do not have a significant impact on the crop. The problems caused by the viruses transmitted during feeding and the sooty moulds that form on aphid honey
dew mean that aphids need to be controlled effectively.
Despite there being a diversity in agrichemicals registered for aphid control:
- control of aphids late in the crop is made difficult by the long withholding periods of many chemicals
- there is no effective IPM strategy
- chemical resistance is an ongoing issue.
High (Qld, WA and NT)
Medium (SA)
Low (NSW)
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
- Application for a permit to use methomyl to control green peach aphids.
- Investigation of other aphicides to allow alternation to manage resistance. Chemistry with a short withholding period and not damaging to pollinating bees is desirable.
There is particularly a need in the tropics were pest pressure is often extreme. It should be noted that Sulfoxaflor (TRANSFORM^) has been registered recently for use in cucurbits and so the need for additional aphicides has been somewhat reduced
- Engage with agrichemical manufacturers to understand what is required to reduce WHPs on products used for aphid control.
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
- Scope potential IPM development project for aphids in melons.
- Include development of a mosaic virus preventative IPM strategy.
The problem has been seen to move with the progress of picking, for example spreading down the Qld coast in the winter of 2013. This indicates that strategies
other than use of insecticides should be investigated.
Appearance in the crop can be overnight but growers may be prevented from using
insecticides immediately if they had already sprayed recently. This also indicates the
need for non-chemical intervention.
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 14
Thrips Priority for control
Industry is concerned that few suitable chemicals options are currently available. Medium (Qld,
NSW and NT) Low (SA, WA)
Recommendations Priority for
action
Permit / Registration:
Investigate products that could be made available to melon growers for Thrips control, for
example, Spirotetramat (MOVENTO^), imidacloprid, synthetic pyrethroids. Note that this will likely have a lower priority as the methomyl PER11948 was issued in March 2014
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
None requested
Whitefly Priority for control
Whiteflies can affect the crop directly by feeding and indirectly as a vector of viruses. A
range of insecticides is currently available to growers with diversity in mode of action. However, resistance is an ongoing issue and virus transmission with whitefly infestations
are a concern for industry.
High (Qld)
Low (Other States)
Recommendations Priority for
action
Permit / Registration:
Allocate budget and scope project, if necessary, for generation of data necessary to renew
PER12221.
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
Scope a research project which aims to provide an understanding of the impact of whitefly
in melon crops and identifies best management practices for whitefly control.
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 15
Mites Priority for control
There is a range of insecticides available, although some are not very effective. Industry
felt that between available agrichemicals and predatory bugs, mites can be managed reasonably well.
Screening pesticides for effect on predatory insects vs effect on pest mites is important.
Pesticides available for mite control are quite expensive.
Predatory mites are very expensive, slow to spread and can limit what chemistry can be
applied to the crop to combat other issues.
High (NT)
Medium (Qld)
Low (Other
States)
Recommendations Priority for
action
Permit / Registration:
Investigate alternate miticides that could be available for use to melon growers.
- Include more affordable option – abamectin
- Since the time of the SARP discussions with industry, new market entrants and the applications for use of bifenazate (including ACRAMITE^) and etoxazole (including
PARAMITE^) under permit have reduce the need for additional chemistry. These two permit applications were submitted in March 2014 with an 8 month timeframe for
assessment
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
- Investigate potential IPM programs and the effect of pesticide use on such programs.
Fruit fly Priority for control
Considered by meeting participants to be a low priority because there is access to effective
chemicals (dimethoate and maldison) via registration or permit.
Low (All states)
Recommendations Priority for
action
Permit / Registration:
Investigate alternate products for fruit fly control which could be made available to melon
growers via registration or permit.
-
Allocate budget and scope project, if necessary, for generation of data necessary to renew
PER12336. (Note that persons who can use the product under this permit are “officers of
the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service” only.
To be advised
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
Scope project looking at alternative control options such as protein bait sprays. Such
strategies are currently being investigated by other industries, including citrus.
It may be possible to utilise the findings of other industries.
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 16
Current insecticide options for sucking and piercing insects
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical
group WHP, days
Activity
Aphids Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Paraffinic Oil Cucurbits NR 1 Contact
Petroleum Oil Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Pirimicarb Cucurbits 1A 2 Contact, Systemic
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Aphids – Black Citrus, Rose, Cabbage, Green Peach
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide + Garlic Vegetables NR 1 Contact
Aphid - Cotton Spirotetramat (MOVENTO^) Cucurbits 23 1 Contact, Systemic
Aphid - Green Peach
Imidacloprid Cucurbits 4A 1 Systemic, Ingestion, Neurotoxin
Spirotetramat (MOVENTO^) Cucurbits 23 1 Contact, Systemic
Sulfoxaflor (TRANSFORM^) Cucurbits, Field 4C 1 Systemic
Aphid - Melon (Cotton)
Sulfoxaflor (TRANSFORM^) Cucurbits, Field 4C 1 Systemic
Fly - Cucumber fly
Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Fruit flies, flies (cucumber fly, lesser Queensland fruit fly, Queensland fruit fly, Mediterranean fly, banana fly, mango fly)
Dimethoate (PER13170, exp Oct 2014) Melons, post harvest dip
1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Fruit Fly - MFF Fenthion (LEBAYCID^) (PER13840, Exp Oct 2014)
Melon, post-harvest dip, WA
only
NR Contact, Stomach And Respiratory
Action
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Fruit Fly - QFF Fenthion (LEBAYCID^) (PER13841, Exp Oct 2014)
Melon, post-harvest dip, Qld, NSW, NT only
NR Contact, Stomach And Respiratory Action
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Green vegetable bug
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov 2017)
Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Trichlorfon Vegetables 1B 2 Contact
Grey cluster bug
Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov 2017)
Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Jassids Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Leafhoppers Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Paraffinic Oil Cucurbits NR 1 Contact
Petroleum Oil Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Mealybug Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Mired - Green Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov 2017)
Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Mites Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 17
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Contact And Systemic
Paraffinic Oil Cucurbits NR 1 Contact
Petroleum Oil Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Mite - Redlegged Earth Mite
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Mite - Two-spotted (Red spider) mite
Bifenazate (PER application 14649, in assessment at APVMA)
Melons 2D Contact
Etoxazole (PER application 14650, in assessment at APVMA)
Melons Systemic, Contact
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Oxythioquinox (MORESTAN^) Cucurbits 14 7 Systemic, Protective And Curative
Rutherglen bug
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017) Cucurbits 3 Contact, Systemic
Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov 2017)
Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide + Garlic Vegetables NR 1 Contact
Trichlorfon Vegetables 1B 2 Contact
Sucking insects
Fenamiphos Cucurbits 1B 84 Systemic
Thrips Diazinon Cucurbits 1B 14 Protectant
Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017) Cucurbits 3 Contact, Systemic
Paraffinic Oil Cucurbits NR 1 Contact
Petroleum Oil Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Thrips - Western Flower
Spinetoram (SUCCESS NEO^) Fruiting vegetables
5 3 Ingestion, Contact
Whiteflies Chlorpyrifos Cucurbits 1B 5 Systemic, Contact
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov
2017)
Cucurbits _ 1 Contact
Whitefly – Silverleaf, Greenhouse
Pyriproxyfen Rockmelon 7C 1 Ingestion, Residual, Insect Growth Regulator
Whitefly - Greenhouse
Botanical Oil Vegetables oil NR Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide + Garlic Vegetables NR 1 Contact
Sulfoxaflor (TRANSFORM^) Field 4C 1 Systemic
Whitefly - Silverleaf
Bifenthrin Cucurbits 3A 1 Systemic, Contact
Paraffinic Oil Cucurbits, Qld only
NR 1 Contact
Pymetrozine (PER13111, expires May 2015)
Cucurbits 9B 3 Systemic, Translaminar
Spirotetramat (MOVENTO^) Cucurbits 23 1 Contact, Systemic
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 18
4.2.2 Chewing insects
Chewing pests are overall a medium priority for control.
A number of insecticides are registered, although those that are available are not all approved across the
entire caterpillar spectrum. Those for which there aren’t approvals tend to be controlled incidentally when products are used for the registered / permitted pests.
Chewing insects are a low priority for action on suggested new industry initiatives.
Initiatives include:
- Investigate the need to renew methomyl permits and, if necessary, allocate resources to generate the required data.
- Consider the need for alternate chemistry (noting that new products have become available since the melon SARP process commenced.
- Develop IPM strategies
Lepidopteran pests (Helicoverpa and Cucumber Moth) Priority for control
Helicoverpa
Industry relies on OP chemistry to
effectively control these pests, even though soft chemistry is available. This is a
concern because of the high toxicity of these products, the potential for resistance
development and the regulatory environment which is leading to de-
registration of some of these products.
Medium (Qld)
Low (Other States)
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
Growers requested that chemicals having good results in other crops should be
investigated, including emamectin (PROCLAIM^) and methoxyfenozide (PRODIGY^). However, other chemistry also mentioned for investigation (Chlorantraniliprole
(CORAGEN), Flubendiamide (BELT^), Spinetoram (SUCCESS NEO^)) has since been registered for use in melons. Therefore the investigation of others is probably now a
lower priority.
-
Review currently available chemistry against potential new chemistry and possible exits from the market.
Low
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
Insecticide resistance, especially in Helicoverpa armigera, can make these pests particularly difficult when insecticides are totally relied upon for control. Therefore
integrated pest management techniques are advisable.
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 19
Cutworms Priority for control
Growers expressed concerned that only heavy chemistry is available for use. However cutworms
can be incidentally managed through use of the same molecules that are currently used to manage
other lepidopteron pests.
The Northern Territory had an issue with this pest for the first time in 2013.
High (SA)
Low (Other
States)
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
Some growers requested investigation of products for control of cutworms. However,
since a range of lepidopteran chemicals is available, and as the problem affects a small
proportion of the industry, this is a low priority for action.
Low
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
None requested for action No priority
assigned
Current insecticide options for chewing pests
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Armyworm Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Australian plague locust
Carbaryl Vegetables 1A SL Systemic, Contact
Chlorpyrifos Vegetables 1B SL Systemic, Contact
Diazinon Vegetables 1B SL Protectant
Maldison Vegetables 1B SL Systemic, Contact
Cabbage moth Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Trichlorfon Vegetables 1B 2 Contact
Cabbage white butterfly
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide + Garlic
Vegetables NR 1 Contact
Trichlorfon Vegetables 1B 2 Contact
Caterpillars Diazinon Watermelon, not NT
1B 14 Protectant
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide
Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Caterpillar - Cluster Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017)
Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic
Crickets – field, mole Chlorpyrifos Vegetables 1B 5 Systemic, Contact
Cucumber moth Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017)
Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic
Cutworms Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Chlorpyrifos Vegetables 1B 5 Systemic, Contact
Diazinon Watermelon, not NT
1B 14 Protectant
Trichlorfon Cucurbits, Qld, NT 1B 2 Contact
Earwigs Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide
Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
Fungus gnats Bacillus thuringiensis berliner
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (PER11472, expires May 2014)
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 20
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Grasshopper - wingless Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Chlorpyrifos Vegetables 1B 5 Systemic, Contact
Dimethoate Melons 1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact
And Systemic
Helicoverpa Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Bifenthrin Cucurbits 3A 1 Systemic, Contact
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Chlorantraniliprole (CORAGEN^)
Cucurbits 28 1 (H), 7 (G)
Systemic, Contact
Flubendiamide (BELT^) Cucurbits 28 1 Systemic, Contact
Helicoverpa NPV armigera
Cucurbits _ NR Contact
Spinetoram (SUCCESS NEO^)
Fruiting vegetables
5 3 Ingestion, Contact
Methomyl (PER11948,
exp Sep 2017)
Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic
ladybird - 28-spotted potato
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Ladybirds - Leafeating Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Leafminer - Cucumber Moth / Tomato leaf miner
Bifenthrin Cucurbits 3A 1 Systemic, Contact
Chlorantraniliprole (CORAGEN^)
Cucurbits 28 1 (H), 7 (G)
Systemic, Contact
Flubendiamide (BELT^) Cucurbits 28 1 Systemic, Contact
Spinetoram (SUCCESS NEO^)
Fruiting vegetables
5 3 Ingestion, Contact
Leafminer - Potato moth
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Leafroller - Lightbrown apple moth
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Loopers Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017)
Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic
Pumpkin beetle Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
Maldison Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact
Symphylans (garden centipedes)
1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin
Vegetables 8B NR Contact, Fumigant
Vegetable weevil Chlorpyrifos Vegetables 1B 5 Systemic, Contact
Vine moth Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
Vegetables 11 NR Contact
Webworm Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017)
Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic
Wireworms 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin
Vegetables 8B NR Contact, Fumigant
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 21
4.2.3 Borers
Borers were not identified as a priority for control or activity
Current insecticide options for borers
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Cucurbit stemborer
Carbaryl Cucurbits 1A NA Systemic, Contact
4.3 Nematodes
The priority of nematodes for control ranged from low to high across the states.
As there are suitable control options now and additional new chemistry in development these pests are a low
priority for new industry initiatives, although the industry should work with the major registrants to ensure
melons get access to new chemistry.
A project to investigate the nematodes of significance and best management practice options should be
considered, although as adequate control measures currently exist action is a low priority.
Nematodes Priority for control
Nemacur is available and new products are being developed (fluensulfone by Farmoz). Crop rotation and non-host cover crops such as some sorghum varieties
were considered effective.
High (SA)
Medium (Qld)
Low (Other States)
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
None requested for action
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
Scope project investigating best management practices for nematode pests in
melon crops. Such a project should include an extension component to inform growers of the nematodes species of significance in their crops.
Low
Current insecticide options for nematodes
Name Active ingredient Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Nematodes Fenamiphos Cucurbits 1B 84 Systemic
1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin
Vegetables 8B NR Contact, Fumigant
Other general fumigants Vegetables
-
Melon SARP 2014 Page 22
4.3 Weeds of melon
General weed control Priority for control
Industry felt that general weed control is relatively successful through the use of
plastic mulches. However, wireweed, innocent weed and fathen are causing significant problems in SA.
High (SA)
Low (Other States)
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
Consider permits for herbicides in SA production systems. No chemicals were
nominated
Not determined
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
None requested for action
Nutgrass Priority for control
Industry felt this weed could be controlled well through pre-plant applications of halosulfuron-methyl and/or glyphosate. Avoidance of highly infested paddocks is
also a useful strategy. However, industry would like an effective in-crop control
option if available. Publically available information indicates efficacy of halosulfuron-methyl in cucurbits and could be investigated for a permit (in situations where plant-
back is not a concern). Other actives are also mentioned in the literature and may warrant desktop research.
Medium Qld, Low other states
Recommendations Priority for action
Permit / Registration:
Investigate selective herbicide options for nutgrass control in melons.
Integrated or non-chemical solutions:
None
Herbicides registered and used in melons
Pre-plant registrations are broad spectrum, knockdown products with no residual activity:
- Glyphosate (various) – Group M pre-plant general knockdown herbicide
- Paraquat, diquat, paraquat + diquat (various) - Group L pre-plant general knockdown herbicide
In-crop herbicide options are limited:
- Clomazone – Group F broad spectrum post-plant broadleaf weed herbicide. Registrations only for rockmelon and watermelon
- Fluazifop-P as butyl – Group A grass selective post-emergent herbicide. Registered in cucurbits for a range of grass weeds..
- Quizalofop-P-ethyl - Group A grass selective post-emergent herbicide. Registrations in honey dew melons only.
- Paraquat – Group L pre-plant and post plant general knockdown herbicide. Shielded nozzles required for post-plant treatment.
No herbicides are available for use in melons via permit.
-
Melon SARP 2014 Page 23
5. References and resources
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013. 71210DO002_201112 Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2011-
12.
Australian Melon Association website. www.melonsaustralia.our.au
Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Authority website- www.apvma.gov.au
Century Fruit Shop, Beecroft.
Colucci SJ, Holmes GJ. Downy Mildew of Cucurbits. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2010-0825-01. 2010.
http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Oomycetes/Pages/Cucurbits.aspx, accessed 28 April 2014.
Engel D S, Martyn RD. 2007. Fusarium wilt of watermelon and other cucurbits. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2007-0122-01. Updated 2013.
https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/FusariumWatermelon.aspx, accessed 28 April 2014.
Google images
Horticulture Australia Limited. The Australian Horticultural Statistics Handbook, 2012.
Infopest, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Nov 2012.
Lebeda, A., Kristkova, E., Coffey, M., Mccreight, J.D. 2011. Gaps and perspectives of pathotype and race determination in golovinomyces cichoracearum and podosphaera xanthii. Mycoscience. 52:159-
164.Pest and disease description websites:
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook. http://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/cantaloupe-cucumis-sp-fusarium-wilt. Accessed 28 April
QDAFF (Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry). Pests and diseases of
melons. Updated 8 Jan 2014. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/fruit-and-vegetables/vegetables/melons/pests-and-diseases-melons. Accessed 28 April 2014
Williamson J. (revision) Cucumber, Squash, Melon & Other Cucurbit Diseases. HGIC, Clemson Cooperative Extension. 2014. https://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/pdf/hgic2206.pdf,
accessed 28 April, 2014.
Acronyms APVMA …….. Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority IPM ………… Integrated pest management IR-4 ………… Interregional Research Program 4 (USA) MRL ………… Maximum residue limit (mg/kg or ppm) SARP ………. Strategic Agrichemical Review Process WHP ………… Withholding period Australian states and territories: NSW (New South Wales), NT (Northern Territory), Qld (Queensland), SA (South Australia), Tas (Tasmania), Vic (Victoria), WA (Western Australia)
Acknowledgement APVMA: All staff especially Alan Norden
Government agencies: Each state DPI as excellent sources of information Industry development officers and associates
Thanks go to the many industry people who contributed information and collaborated on the review of this report.
^Trademark
http://www.melonsaustralia.our.au/http://www.apvma.gov.au/http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Oomycetes/Pages/Cucurbits.aspxhttps://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/FusariumWatermelon.aspxhttps://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/FusariumWatermelon.aspxhttp://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/cantaloupe-cucumis-sp-fusarium-wilthttp://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/fruit-and-vegetables/vegetables/melons/pests-and-diseases-melonshttp://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/fruit-and-vegetables/vegetables/melons/pests-and-diseases-melonshttps://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/pdf/hgic2206.pdf
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 24
6. Appendices
Appendix 1. Currently available melon fungicides
Active ingredient Disease Name Comments Chemical
group WHP, days
Activity
1,3-dichloropropene + Chloropicrin
Soil Borne Diseases Incl Fusarium, Verticillium Wilts, Rhizoctonia, Pythium
Vegetables, Pre-plant
_ NR Contact, Fumigant
Azoxystrobin Downy Mildew Cuc, Greenhouse 11 1 Protective, Curative
Gummy Stem Blight
Powdery Mildew
Boscalid + Kresoxim-Methyl (COLLIS^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits, field 7+11 7 Protective, Curative
Bupirimate (NIMROD^) (PER10979 exp Sep 2014)
Powdery Mildew Melons, Not watermelons
8 1 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Chlorothalonil Alternaria Leaf Blight Cucurbits M5 1 Protectant
Anthracnose
Belly Rot / Rhizoctonia Ground Rot
Cercospora leaf-spot (Target Leafspot)
Downy Mildew
Gummy Stem Blight
Copper Angular Leaf Spot (Pseudomonas sp.)
Cucurbits M1 1 Contact
Anthracnose
Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas sp)
Downy Mildew
Gummy Stem Blight
Powdery Mildew Copper octanoate (TRICOP^), cucurbits
Cyflufenamid
(FLUTE^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits U6 1 Protectant, Curative
Dimethomorph Alternaria Leaf Spot Qld, NT only, Cucurbits
40 7 Systemic, Contact
Anthracnose
Downy Mildew
Gummy Stem Blight
Fenarimol (RUBIGAN^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits 3 3 Protective, Curative
Guazatine Acetates Alternaria Fruit Rot Rockmelon, post-harvest dip
M7 NR Protective, Curative
Fusarium Fruit Rot
Pink Mould Rot (Trichothecium roseum) Rhizopus Soft Rot
Sour Rot (Geotrichum candidum) Hydrogen Peroxide+ Peroxyacetic Acid (PERATEC PLUS^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits M 1 Contact
Imazalil Alternaria Fruit Rot Rockmelon, post
harvest
3 NR Systemic
Fusarium Fruit Rot
Pink Mould Rot (Trichothecium roseum) Rhizopus Soft Rot
Sour Rot (Geotrichum candidum) Mancozeb Anthracnose Cucurbits M3 7 Protectant
Downy Mildew
Gummy Stem Blight
Septoria Spot
Mancozeb + metalaxyl-M/metalaxyl
Alternaria Leaf Spot Cucurbits, Qld M3+4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative Anthracnose
Downy Mildew
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 25
Active ingredient Disease Name Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Gummy Stem Blight
Metalaxyl-M /metalaxyl Damping Off (Pythium spp,, Phytophthora spp.
Cucurbits 4 7 Systemic, Protective, Curative
Metiram (POLYRAM^) Downy Mildew Cucurbits M3 2 Protectant
Gummy Stem Blight
Metrafenone (VIVANDO^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits U8 7 Protectant, Curative
Oxadixyl+propineb (REBOUND^)
Anthracnose Cucurbits 4+M3 3 Contact, Systemic
Downy Mildew
Gummy Stem Blight
Oxythioquinox (MORESTAN^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits 14 7 Systemic, Protective And Curative
Penthiopyrad (FONTELIS^)
Grey Mould Cucurbits 7 1 Broad-Spectrum Systemic Gummy Stem Blight
Powdery Mildew
Phosphorous acid Downy Mildew Cucurbits 33 NR Contact
Propineb (ANTRACOL^)
Downy Mildew Cucurbits 3 3 Protectant
Proquinazid (TALENDO^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits, field only 13 1 Local Systemic Fungicide With
Translaminar Effects
Tea tree oil (TIMOREX^)
Powdery Mildew Cucurbits _ NR Contact
Triadimefon Powdery Mildew NSW, WA only 3 1 Systemic, Protectant, Curative
Triadimenol Powdery Mildew Cucurbits 3 1
Zineb Anthracnose Cucurbits 7 Protectant
Downy Mildew
NR = Not required
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 26
Appendix 2. Currently available melon insecticides
Active ingredient Pest Name Comments Chemical
group WHP, days
Activity
1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin
Nematodes - Plant parasitic nematodes Vegetables 8B NR Contact, Fumigant Symphylans (garden centipedes)
Wireworms
Bacillus thuringiensis berliner Fungus gnats Vegetables 11 NR Contact Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (PER11472, expires May 2014)
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Armyworm Vegetables 11 NR Contact Cabbage moth
Cabbage white butterfly
Helicoverpa (Corn bollworm)
Helicoverpa punctigera (Native budworm)
Leafroller - Lightbrown apple moth
Loopers
Vine moth
Bifenazate (PER application 14649, in assessment at
APVMA)
Mite - Two-spotted (Red spider) mite Melons 2D Contact
Bifenthrin Helicoverpa Cucurbits 3A 1 Systemic, Contact
Leafminer - Cucumber Moth / Tomato leaf miner
Whitefly - Silverleaf
Botanical Oil Whitefly - Greenhouse Vegetables oil NR Contact
Carbaryl Armyworms Cucurbits 1A NR Systemic, Contact Australian plague locust Vegetables
Cucurbit stemborer Cucurbits
Cutworms
Earwig - European
Grasshopper - Wingless
Green vegetable bug
Helicoverpa (Budworms)
ladybird - 28-spotted potato
Ladybirds - Leafeating
Leafminer - Potato moth
Pumpkin beetle
Rutherglen bug
Chlorantraniliprole (CORAGEN^)
Helicoverpa Cucurbits 28 1 (H), 7 (G)
Systemic, Contact Leafminer - Cucumber Moth / Tomato
Chlorpyrifos Australian plague locust Vegetables 1B 5 Systemic, Contact Crickets – field, mole
Cutworms
Grasshopper - wingless
Vegetable weevil
Whiteflies Cucurbits
Diazinon Australian plague locust Vegetables 1B 14 Protectant
Caterpillars Watermelon, not NT
Cutworms Watermelon, not NT
Thrips Cucurbits
Dimethoate Aphids Melons 1B NR Broad
Spectrum Contact And Systemic
Fly - Cucumber fly
Grasshoppers - wingless
Green vegetable bug
Jassids
Leafhoppers
Mites
Thrips
Dimethoate (PER13170, exp Oct 2014)
Fruit flies, flies (cucumber fly, lesser Queensland fruit fly, Queensland fruit fly, Mediterranean fly, banana fly, mango fly)
Melons, post harvest dip
1B NR Broad Spectrum Contact And Systemic
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 27
Active ingredient Pest Name Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Etoxazole (PER application 14650, in assessment at APVMA)
Mite - Two-spotted (Red spider) mite Melons Systemic, Contact
Fenamiphos Nematodes Cucurbits 1B 84 Systemic
Sucking insects
Fenthion (LEBAYCID^) (PER13840, Exp Oct 2014)
Fruit Fly - MFF Melon, post-harvest dip, WA only
NR Contact, Stomach And Respiratory Action
Fruit Fly - QFF
Flubendiamide (BELT^) Helicoverpa Cucurbits 28 1 Systemic, Contact Leafminer - Cucumber Moth / Tomato
leaf miner
Helicoverpa NPV armigera Helicoverpa Cucurbits _ NR Contact
Imidacloprid Aphid - Green Peach Cucurbits 4A 1 Systemic, Ingestion, Neurotoxin
Maldison Aphids Cucurbits 1B 3 Systemic, Contact Australian plague locust Vegetables
Fly - Cucumber fly Cucurbits
Fruit Fly - MFF
Fruit Fly - QFF
Green vegetable bug
Jassids
ladybird - 28-spotted potato
Leafhoppers
Mite - Redlegged Earth Mite
Pumpkin beetle
Rutherglen bug
Methomyl (PER11948, exp Sep 2017)
Caterpillar - Cluster Cucurbits 1B 3 Contact, Systemic Cucumber moth
Helicoverpa
Loopers
Rutherglen Bug
Thrips
Webworm
Oxythioquinox (MORESTAN^) Mite - Two-Spotted Mite Cucurbits 14 7 Systemic, Protective And
Curative
Paraffinic Oil Aphids Cucurbits NR 1 Contact
Leafhoppers
Mites
Thrips
Whitefly - Silverleaf
Petroleum Oil Aphids
Leafhoppers
Mites
Thrips
Petroleum Oil (PER12221, expires Nov 2017)
Green vegetable bug
Grey cluster bug
Mired - Green
Rutherglen bug
Whiteflies: Greenhouse, Bemisia tabaci species (Sweet potato whitefly, Silverleaf whitefly B biotype and Whitefly Q biotype)
Pirimicarb Aphids Cucurbits 1A 2 Contact, Systemic
Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids Aphids Vegetables _ NR Contact
Mealybug
Mite - Two-spotted (Red spider) mite
Thrips
Whitefly
Pymetrozine (PER13111, expires May 2015)
Whitefly - Silverleaf Cucurbits 9B 3 Systemic, Translaminar
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Ants Vegetables 3A 1 Contact
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 28
Active ingredient Pest Name Comments Chemical group
WHP, days
Activity
Butoxide Aphids
Caterpillars
Earwigs
Leafhoppers
Thrips
Whiteflies
Pyrethrins+Piperonyl Butoxide + Garlic
Aphids – Clack Citrus, Rose, Cabbage, Green Peach
Cabbage White Butterfly
Rutherglen Bug
Slug – Pear & Cherry
Whitefly - Greenhouse
Pyriproxyfen Whitefly – Silverleaf, Greenhouse Rockmelon 7C 1 Ingestion, Residual, Insect Growth Regulator
Spinetoram (SUCCESS NEO^) Helicoverpa Fruiting vegetables
5 3 Ingestion, Contact Leafminer - Cucumber Moth / Tomato
leaf miner
Thrips - Western Flower
Spirotetramat (MOVENTO^) Aphid - Cotton Cucurbits 23 1 Contact, Systemic Aphid - Green Peach
Whitefly - Silverleaf
Sulfoxaflor (TRANSFORM^) Aphid - Green Peach Cucurbits, Field
4C 1 Systemic
Aphid - Melon (Cotton)
Whitefly - Greenhouse
Trichlorfon Cabbage Moth Vegetables 1B 2 Contact
Cabbage White Butterfly
Cutworms Cucurbits, Qld, NT
Green vegetable bug Vegetables
Rutherglen Bug
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 29
Appendix 3. Brand names associated with generic active ingredients
Active ingredient Examples of product brand names
Abamectin Abamectin, ABASECT,CATCHER, ABAKEN, VANTAL, APPARENT, WHISTLER, BIOMECTIN, SORCERER, WIZARD, VERTIMEC
Acetamiprid Acetamiprid, PRIMAL, CROWN, INTRUDER, SUPREME
Alpha-cypermethrin Alpha-cypermethrin, ASTOUND DUO, MASCOT, FASTAC, ZENITH
Aluminium ammonium sulfate D-TER, KEEP OFF, GET OFF, SCAT
Azinphos-methyl GUSATHION, BENTHION
Azoxystrobin Azoxystrobin, AMISTAR, AZAKA, ASTRONOME, SMART, SPARTACUS, WONSTAR, CASTLE, VANTAGE, others
Bacillus Thuringiensis DIPEL, DELFIN, AGREE, BIOCRYSTAL, FULL-BAC
Beta-Cyfluthrin BULLDOCK, MAXUMPRO, SOLFAC PRO, TEMPO
Bifenazate DURAMITE, FLORAMITE, ACRAMITE
Bifenthrin Bifenthrin
Bromochloro dimethylhydantoin
YM-FAB NYLATE
Buprofezin Buprofezin, APPLAUD, PRAISE, CLAP, SCALE & BUG
Carbaryl Carbaryl
Chlorantraniliprole CORAGEN, ALTACOR
Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil, BARRACK, BRAVO, CHEERS, FUNG-O-NIL, WHACK, UNITE, ECHO
Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos, CYREN, STRIKE-OUT, FORTUNE, LORSBAN
Clofentezine APOLLO
Copper Copper, KOCIDE, CHAMP, BLU-COP, VITRA, CUPROFIX, TRIBASIC, BLUE SHIELD
Diazinon Diazinon, DIAZOL
Dichlorvos BINKILL, DELTA FORCE, INSECTIGAS
Dimethoate Dimethoate, DANADIM, ROVER
Dimethomorph ACROBAT, SPHINX
Ethyl formate VAPORFAZE EMATE
Etoxazole PARAMITE, SWOOP
Fatty acids - Potassium salt NATRASOAP, ECOPROTECTOR, HITMAN, BUGGARD
Fenamiphos Fenamiphos, NEMACUR, ASSASSINATOR, ELECTRICUR, SOWON, REDBACK, NEPTUNE
Fenbutatin oxide TORQUE, VENDEX
Fenoxycarb INSEGAR
Fipronil Fipronil, REGENT, IMPEDE, REGAL, VISTA, ONSLAUGHT, ATTRATHOR,
Flubendiamide BELT
Garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + pip.but.
BEAT-A-BUG
Guazatine Acetates PANOCTINE, ZANOCTINE, GUAZACURE
Hydroxy phenyl butanone acetate
Cue-Lure
Imidacloprid Imidacloprid, CONFIDOR, COURAZE, KOMONDOR, SAVAGE, NUPRID
Maldison Maldison, FYFANON, HY-MAL
Mancozeb Mancozeb, MASQUERADE, KENCOZEB, MANCOFLO, MANCOZZ, MANZATE, PENNCOZEB, MANFIL, UNIZEB
Metalaxyl Metalaxyl, MAX, ZEE-MIL, AXIOM, MANTLE, MEDLEY,
Metalaxyl-M Metalaxyl-M, RIDOMIL GOLD, APRON
Metaldehyde Numerous product names
Methidathion RIDACIDE, SUPRATHION
Methomyl Methomul, MARLIN, LANNATE, SENCA, MAYHEM, ELECTRA, others
Methoxyfenozide PRODIGY
Methyl bromide Numerous product names
Milbemectin MILBENKNOCK, ULTIFLORA
Paraffinic oil Numerous product names
Petroleum oil Numerous product names
Phosphorous acid Numerous product names
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 30
Active ingredient Examples of product brand names
Pirimicarb Pirimicarb, APHIDEX, PIRIMOR, ATLAS, others
Potassium bicarbonate ECO-CARB
Prochloraz Prochloraz, SPORTAK, OCTAVE, PROTAK, MIRAGE, RAVE
Propargite Propargite, OMITE, COMITE, BULLET, TREBLE, DYNA-MITE, MITIGATE, BETAMITE, UNMITE
Pymetrozine CHESS, METRO, ENDGAME, FULFILL
Pyraclostrobin CABRIO
Pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide Numerous product names
Pyriproxyfen ADMIRAL, SUMILARV, PICTUS, AVANTE
Silicate salts + Cu SOCUSIL
Spinetoram SUCCESS NEO
Spinosad SUCCESS NATURALYTE
Sulphur Numerous product names
Tebuconazole Tebuconazole, FOLICUR, LAUNCH, STINGRAY, ORIUS, REBUKE, BLAST, LAGUNA, ULTRATEB, TURBULENCE, TEBAZAL, MICRONISED, TEBUHEX, TEBCON, TRIPOD, BUZZ ULTRA
Tebufenozide MIMIC
Thiabendazole TECTO, STORITE, VORLON
Triadimenol Triadimenol, BAYFIDAN, CITADEL, ALLITRON, TRIAD, AXIDIME, others
Trichlorfon DIPTEREX, LEPIDEX
Trifloxystrobin FLINT
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 31
Appendix 4. MRLs relevant to melon
Chemical Description Code APVMA MRL
FSANZ MRL
Codex MRL
2,2-DPA Vegetables NS 0000 *0.1 *0.1
2-Phenylphenol Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 10 10
Abamectin Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.01
Abamectin Watermelon VC 0432
0.01
Aldrin and Dieldrin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 E0.1 E0.1 0.1
Alloxydim Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
Azinphos-methyl Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Azinphos-methyl Watermelon VC 0432
0.2
Azoxystrobin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 1 1
Benalaxyl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Benalaxyl Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.1
Bensulide Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 *0.1 *0.1
Bifenazate Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
0.5
Bifenthrin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.1 0.1
Bifenthrin Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.5 0.5
Boscalid Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.5 0.5
Boscalid Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 1 1
Bromopropylate Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.5
Bupirimate Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 1 1
Buprofezin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 T2 T2
Buprofezin Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 T2 T2
Captan Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
10
Carbaryl Vegetables NS 0000 5 5
Carbaryl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 3 3
Chlorantraniliprole Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Chlorantraniliprole Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.3 0.3
Chlordane Vegetables NS 0000 E0.02 E0.02
Chlordane Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 E0.05 E0.05
Chlorothalonil Vegetables NS 0000 T7 T7
Chlorothalonil Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 5 5
Chlorothalonil Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
2
Chlorpyrifos Vegetables NS 0000 T*0.01 T*0.01
Chlorthal-dimethyl Vegetables NS 0000 5 5
Clofentezine Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.1
Clomazone Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 *0.05 *0.05
Copper Vegetables NS 0000 10
Cyflufenamid Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.1 0.1
Cyprodinil Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 T0.2 T0.2
Cyromazine Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.5
Cyromazine Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050
1
DDT Vegetables NS 0000 E1 E1
Deltamethrin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
0.2
Deltamethrin Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.1 0.1
Diazinon Vegetables NS 0000 0.7 0.7
Diazinon Cantaloupe VC 4199
0.2
Dichlorvos Vegetables NS 0000 0.5 0.5
Dicofol Vegetables NS 0000 5 5
Dicofol Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Dimethenamid-P Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
0.01
Dimethirimol Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 1 1
Dimethoate Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 T5 T5
Dimethoate Watermelon VC 0432 T5 T5
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 32
Chemical Description Code APVMA MRL
FSANZ MRL
Codex MRL
Dimethomorph Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dimethomorph Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050
1
Dinocap Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
0.05
Diquat Vegetables NS 0000 *0.05 *0.05 0.05
Disulfoton Vegetables NS 0000 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, metham, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb and ziram) Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 2 2
Dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, metham, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb and ziram) Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.5
Dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, metham, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb and ziram) Watermelon VC 0432
1
Dithiocarbamates (mancozeb, metham, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb and ziram) Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 3 3
Endosulfan Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 1 1
Endosulfan Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
2
Endosulfan Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 1 1
Endrin Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045
0.05
EPTC Vegetables NS 0000 *0.04 *0.04
Ethephon Cantaloupe VC 4199
1
Ethoprophos Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.02
Etoxazole Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 T0.1 T0.1
Etoxazole Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.05 0.05
Etridiazole Vegetables NS 0000 0.2 0.2
Fenamiphos Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 *0.05 *0.05
Fenamiphos Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.05
Fenarimol Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Fenarimol Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.05
Fenbuconazole Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Fenitrothion Vegetables NS 0000 0.5 0.1
Fenthion Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 T3 T3
Fenthion Watermelon VC 0432 T3 T3
Fenvalerate Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Fenvalerate Watermelon VC 0432
0.5
Fluazifop-butyl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.1
Flubendiamide Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Flubendiamide Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 2 2
Fludioxonil Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 T0.2 T0.2 0.03
Folpet Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
3
Fosetyl Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 T0.02 T0.02
Glyphosate Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 *0.1 *0.1
Glyphosate Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 *0.1 *0.1
Guazatine Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 10 10
Heptachlor Vegetables NS 0000 E0.05 E0.05
Imazalil Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046 10 10 2
Imidacloprid Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Imidacloprid Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
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Melon SARP 2014 Page 33
Chemical Description Code APVMA MRL
FSANZ MRL
Codex MRL
Imidacloprid Watermelon VC 0432
0.2
Imidacloprid Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.5 0.5
Indoxacarb Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.1
Inorganic bromide Vegetables NS 0000 20 20
Kresoxim-methyl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.05 0.05
Lindane Vegetables NS 0000 E2 E2
Linuron Vegetables NS 0000 *0.05 *0.05
Maldison Vegetables NS 0000 2 2
Metalaxyl Vegetables NS 0000 T0.1 T0.1
Metalaxyl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.2 0.2
Metalaxyl Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Metalaxyl Watermelon VC 0432
0.2
Metaldehyde Vegetables NS 0000 1 1
Methidathion Vegetables NS 0000 0.1 0.1
Methidathion Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 0050 0.1 0.1
Methiocarb Vegetables NS 0000 0.1 0.1
Methiocarb Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Methomyl Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 0045 0.1 0.1
Methomyl Melons, except Watermelon VC 0046
0.2
Methomyl Watermelon VC 0432