Some thoughts on musical similarity Lawrence Zbikowski Department of Music [email protected]
Melodic Similarity CS 275B/Music 254. "Natural history" of similarity Concept of similarity...
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Transcript of Melodic Similarity CS 275B/Music 254. "Natural history" of similarity Concept of similarity...
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Melodic Similarity
CS 275B/Music 254
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"Natural history" of similarity
Concept of similarity fundamental to organization of most art music
Types of similarity widely variant Roles of similarity widely variant Similarity in art music is intentional
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Accidental matches
Target:
Some hits:
Bach WTC
Bizet: Carmen
Saint-Saens: Carnival (via Offenbach)
Mozart: Symphony No. 41, IV
3 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field
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Melodic “Invisibility” Factors Elaboration of something simple Compound melodies (monophonic) Psycho-acoustic tricks (polyphonic) Rotating melodies Ambiguous foreground/background Metrical ambiguity
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Elaboration
Bach, Art of Fugue (after Wiering et al.)
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Classic features of melody
Eerola et al, MP (2001): Statistical vs perceptual melodic similarity Material used: Finnish folk songs
Frequency distributions (music) Tones Intervals Durations Two-tone transitions
Frequency distributions (listeners) Tessitura Mean pitch Rhythmic activity Rhythmic variability Melodic predictability
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Recency, Latency
Baroni et al. (linguistics based; 1984 et al.)
Melodic kernel Tessitura Start and end points, by phrase
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Muellensiefen:
Algorithmic vs Human Judgment
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• Repertory: popular
• Data: MIDI
• Processes include:
• contour generalization
• aliasing
• fuzzification
Class Intervals Name -4 < -7 Big leap down -3 -7, -6, -5 Leap down -2 -4, -3 Big step down -1 -2, -1 Step down 0 0 Same 1 1, 2 Step up 2 3, 4 Big step up 2 5, 6, 7 Leap up 4 > 7 Big leap up
Works by Passion Fruit
Features: • intervals• contour • rhythm• harmony• recurrent motifs
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Perceptual tricks Compound melody
Distributed melody
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One voice that we hear as two
Two voices thatwe hear as one
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Rotating melodies
Haydn: “Archduke” String Quartet
B, T, B, T; A, S
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Perceptual tricks: Ambiguous foreground/background
Schubert
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Perceptual tricks: Metrical ambiguity
Brahms
Ratner
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A similarity study: Ballo di Mantova
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Ballo di Mantova
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Websites for literature on similarity www.ismir.net Proceedings for individuals
years can be downloaded
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