MELJUN CORTES IPO Context Diagram (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT)
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Transcript of MELJUN CORTES IPO Context Diagram (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT)
7/27/2019 MELJUN CORTES IPO Context Diagram (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT)
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MELJUN CORTES
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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
(IPO CHART)
MELJUN P. CORTES
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What is it?
The IPO diagram is a visual representation of aprocess or activity.
It lists input variables and output characteristics.
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Why use it?
IPO diagram is useful in defining a process and
recognizing the input variables and responses/
outputs.
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When to use it?
Understand what inputs are needed to achieve
each specific output.
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Definition of terms
INPUT is the data flowing into thesystem from outside.
PROCESSING is the action of
manipulating the input into a
more useful form.
OUTPUT is the informationflowing out of the system.
FEEDBACK occurs when the outcome
has an influence on the input.
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INPUT: The teacher takes registerto see who is not in today.
PROCESSING: The data is loaded into
the school database and processed to
create attendance record of each pupil.
OUTPUT: Print out of a student who has been absent.
FEEDBACK: The teachers needs to find out why
the student has been absent and the reason recorded
in the input once more.
It will also hopefully cause the pupil to have better
attendance record.
Some Examples (Attendance system in school)
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Some Examples [cont.]
Album title
Artist name Artist ID
Query
report
Display or
print lists of
albums
produced byparticular
artists
A person
types data
into a
database system
by means of a
keyboard
The keystrokesbeing entered by
the typist is
converted into
ASCII format that
the computer can
understand.
The keystrokesbeing entered are
immediately shown
on the typist’s
monitor so she can
see what is being
entered.
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Some Examples [cont.]
Client
Design
Material
Adhesives
Tools
Workers
Finished product
Pay Workers
Happy customer
Making
Check quality Set tools
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Context Diagram
Is the highest level view of a system, similar to Block Diagram,showing a, possibly software-based, system as a whole and its
inputs and outputs from/to external factors.
Shows the entire system as a single process. Interactions with
users and other external entities are shown as dataflow.
They do not show the major functional processes but are
particularly useful for agreeing the system boundary.
Documents the system’s boundaries by highlighting its sources
and destinations. Documenting the system’s boundaries by
drawing a context diagram helps the analyst, the user, and the
responsible managers visualize alternative high-level logical
system designs.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Purpose of Context Diagram
1. It clarifies to the user audience the analyst's understanding of
the scope of the proposed system, the kinds of users the
system will have, and the data coming out from and going into
the system. A surprising number of misunderstandings are
exposed at this early stage.
2. It motivates and establishes a framework for the more
complicated next level (below).
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
How are Context Diagram Drawn
Context diagrams are typically drawn using labeled boxes to
represent each of the external entities and another labeled box
to represent the system being developed. The relationship is
drawn as a line between the entities and the system being
developed. The relationships are labeled with a subject-verb-
object format.
Context diagrams can also use many different drawing types to
represent external entities. They can use oval, stick figures,
pictures, clip art or any other representation to convey
meaning. Decision trees and data storage are represented in
system flow diagrams.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Symbols Used on Diagrams
•processes are shown as squares with
rounded corners
Process
Inquiries
•external entities (the people with whom the
process interacts)
External
Entities
•Relationship or what we call data flows- it
shows the relationship between external
entities and the process.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
How are Context Diagram Drawn
When drawing a context diagram, you:
Firstly, draw and name a single process box that represents the entire
system.
Next, identify and add the external entities that communicate directly
with the process box. Do this by considering origin and destination of
the resource flows and data flows.
Finally, add the resource flows and data flows to the diagram.
Note: In drawing the context diagram yo u should only be concerned with the most imp ortant
informat ion f lows. These wi l l be concerned with issues such as: how orders are received and
checked, with prov id ing go od cu stomer service and w ith the paying of invo ices. Remember that no
business process diagram is the def in i t ive solut ion - there is no absolute r ight or wron g.
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
SUPPLIER CUSTOMER
0
----------------------
-------
SALES
PROCESS
‘terminator’ for
input/output flows
Process
flow of inputs and
outputs to and from
processes
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
ACCOUNTING
WAREHOUSE CUSTOMER
0
Order
System
Order
Payment
In - Stock
Request
Status
Message
Invoice Shipping Confirmation
Shipping
Order
Inventory
Reports
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Employee Accounting
Department
0
Payroll
System
Payroll Check
Time Sheet
Tax FormPayroll Report
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram
Book
Supplier
Library
System
0
Borrowe
r Book
Book Details
Order
Book
Book Request
Availability &
Advice
Reservation
Inquiry
Borrower
Number