MELJUN CORTES--Computer Past Present Future

8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer Past Present Future

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Computer:

y Computer is an electronic machine that accepts information,

process it according to specific instructions, and provide the

result as new information.


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y An Abacus, also called a counting

frame, is a calculating tool used

primarily for performing arithmetic

processes.y Pascaline invented a complicated set of

gears which could only be used to

perform addition.


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Analytical engine

Differenceenginey Charles Babbage began

working on the Difference

Engine, but it was notsuccessful.

y Babbage then began working

on theAnalytical Engine. This

machine performed

calculations by following a setof instructions, or "programs"

entered into it using punched

cards.

yIt to was not successful,however, its design was to

serve as a model for the

modern computer.


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y ENIAC:The First Electronic

Computery 1943, John Mauchly and J. Proper Eckert

began to work on the Electronic NumericalIntegration and Calculator or ENIAC

y ENIAC only occupied 1500 square feet, andweighs about 3tons. It was made up of18000 vacuum tubes.

y It runs single program which means it

requires rewiring for every program, sothey discovered another machine EDSACthat can store programs on punch cards thatare much easier to manage.


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Thefirst Stored ProgramComputer:

y In the late 1940's, John von Neumann considered the idea of storing

computer instructions in a central processing unit, now known as

the CPU. Together with Mauchly and Eckert, von Neumann

designed and built the EDVAC & EDSAC (Electronic DiscreteVariable/StorageAutomatic Computer).

y Next was the UNIVAC UniversalAutomatic Computer (made by

Mauchly and Eckert). It weighed 35 tons, did 1000 calculations per

second,


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Computers -present:Two inventions that change the way of computer now built:

1. Transistors :

The most significant invention of modern era. It wasinvented by three scientists atAt& Ts bell labs. It replace thevacuum tubes.

2.ICs(integrated circuits):

The IC revolutionized entire electronictechnology.

Ex: pentium contains 3.1million transistors in 1.5 inch square.


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Personal computer

y Apersonal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales

price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, and

which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no

intervening computer operator.

E.g: Desktop computer, Home computer, Laptop computer,

Portable computer, Tablet computer, Wearable computer


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Personal computers:y ATablet PC is a slate-shaped

mobile computer, equippedwith a touchscreen whichallows the user to operate the

computer with a stylus ordigital pen, or a fingertip,instead of a keyboard ormouse.

y Wearable computers arecomputers that are worn onthe body.


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Embeddedcomputers:

y A specialized computer system that is partof a larger system or machine. Typically, anembedded system is housed on a singlemicroprocessor board with the programsstored in ROM.

y The software written for embedded systemsis often called firmware.

y Embedded computers are small, simpledevices that are used to control other

devices for example, they may be foundin machines ranging from fighter aircraft toindustrial robots, digital cameras, andchildren's toys.


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FutureComputers:

y Quantum computer

y Chemical computer

y DNA computing

y Optical computer

y

Spintronics based computer.


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y Achemical computer is an

unconventional computer based on a semi-

solid chemical "soup" where data is

represented by varying concentrations ofchemicals.

y The computations are performed by

naturally occurring chemical reactions.


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yAquantum computer is a devicefor computation that makes direct use

of distinctively quantum mechanical

phenomena, such as superposition and

entanglement, to perform operationson data. In a classical (or

conventional) computer, information

is stored as bits; in a quantum

computer, it is stored as qubits

(quantum binary digits).


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y DNA computing is a form

of computing which usesDNA, biochemistry and

molecular biology, instead of

the traditional silicon-based

computer technologies.

y An optical computer is a

computer that uses light

instead of electricity (i.e.

photons rather than

electrons) to manipulate,store and transmit data.


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MELJUN CORTES--Computer Past Present Future

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