MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter2
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Transcript of MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter2
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Chapter 2
The Visible PC
MELJUN CORTES
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Overview
In this chapter, you will learn to
Describe how the PC works
Identify the essential tools of the trade and avoid
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Identify the major internal and external components
of a PC
Identify the different connectors on a typical PC
system unit
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How the PC Works
`
Input
Output
Processing
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
How the PC Works
Software Operating system (Windows, MAC OS X, Linux)
Applications (PowerPoint, Word, Outlook, Internet
Explorer)
Hardware
Pieces you can touch (mouse, monitor,
motherboard, etc.)
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
How the PC Works Computer functions through four stages:
Inputprovides the computer with data Keyboard and mouse
Processingoccurs when the computer processes ormanipulates your data
Outputis provided as the result of processing yourdata Monitor, printer, speakers
Storageis how you keep your data for later use Hard drive, CD-ROM disc, floppy diskette
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Tools of the Trade
and ESD Avoidance
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PC Tool Kit
The basic tech toolkit: a Phillips-head screwdriver Most toolkits contain a few other items
Its a good idea to include
Magnifying glass
Small flashlight
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IT Essentials
CompTIA A+Essentials
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Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic discharge(ESD) is the passage of a staticelectrical charge into your PC or a PC component such
as a RAM stick
Static electricity can destroy sensitive parts ofa PC
ESD damage is much more prevalent in dry, cool
environments
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Anti-static Tools
Anti-static wrist strap Keeps you and the PC at the
same electrical potential to
prevent ESD
Anti-static mats
Used temporarily to place partstaken out of your PC
Anti-static bags
Used to store electrical
components from your PC
Always unplug a PC whenyou work on it. Dont just
turn it off.
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The Complete PC
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External Connections
Plug goes into a port
Port/jack accepts a plug
Connector can be either a port or a plug
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DIN Connectors
DINconnectors are round and comein two sizes:
DIN
Mini-DIN
Always a female connector
Used frequently by a keyboard or
mouse
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USB Connectors
Universal Serial Bus(USB) Used by many devices today
Devices are hot-swappable
You can insert or remove the
device while the PC is powered
on
USB B plugs into devices
USB A plugs into computers
USB B
USB A
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FireWire Connectors
FireWire connectors move data at incredibly highspeeds
Also known as IEEE 1394
Popular with video applications
Uses 6-wire connector (note the rounded edge)
Hot-swappable
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DB Connectors
DBconnectors have a slight D-shape Male DB connectors have pins
Female DB connectors have sockets
Oldest type of connector in the PC
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RJ Connectors
Registered jackor RJconnectors
RJ-11 used by telephone
lines
RJ-45 used in network
interface cards (NICs)
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Audio Connectors
Audioconnectors are usedon sound cards
Used to connect speakers,
microphones, and other
audio devices
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Devices and Their Connectors
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Cards vs. Onboard
Connectors exposed on rearand front of PCs
Some connectors attach
directly to motherboard
Some connectors attach to
boards that plug into
motherboard
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Keyboard
Keyboardsconnect into dedicated mini-DIN(usually purple) or USB
Plugs and ports usually purple
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Video Cards
Video cardsconnect to monitors S-Video connector (left)
Digital video interface (DVI) connector (center)
15-pin female DB connector (right)
Newer High-DefinitionMultimedia Interface (HDMI)
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Sound Cards
Sound cards Convert digital information into sound
Convert sound from a microphone into digital data
Mini-audio jacks for speakers and microphones
DB-15 connector for a joystick or musical instrument
Newer Sony/Phillips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Network Cards
Networks: groups of PCs connected together
Network interface cards (NICs) typically on motherboard (can
be expansion card)
Typical connector is RJ-45
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Mouse
A mouseenables you toselect graphical items on a
screen
Connects through mini-DINport (usually light green) or
USB port (most common)
Trackball may be usedinstead of mouse
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Modem
Modemsconvert analog telephone signals into digital dataand vice versa
Internal modems are expansion cards
External modems connect to a serial port
Uses two RJ-11 sockets
One to the telephone jack in the wall
One to a telephone if you wish
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Serial Ports
Serial portsare used to add external devices to a PC
Accept and transmit serial data
Male DB-9 or DB-25
Largely replaced by USB
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Printer
Printersoutput data from the PC onto paper
Historically used a female DB-25
Today printers almost exclusively use a USB or FireWire port
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Joystick
Joysticksare used almostexclusively to play games on the
computer
Originally designed as an input
device to be used like a mouse
Connector typically orange
Most joysticks now use USB
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Inside the System Unit
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Case
The casehouses all of the internal components Protects internal components
External connections in front and rear
Provides access to storage devices such as CDs
C
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
CPU
Central processing unit(CPU)
Also called a
microprocessor
Performs calculations
CPUs generate a lot ofheat
Cooling fan and/or heat
sink used to keep them
cool
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
CPU
Makes Intel
AMD
Models
Celeron
Athlon
Sempron
Pentium
CPUs come indifferent packages
Pin grid array (PGA)
Most common today
RAM
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
RAM
Random access memory(RAM) Stores programs and data currently used by the CPU
Measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB)
Each piece or module of RAM is called a stick Dual inline memory module (DIMM) most common today
M th b d
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Motherboard
The motherboardis a thin, flat piece
of circuit board
Everything connects directly or
indirectly to the motherboard
Contains sockets for the CPU, RAM,
power, and external devices such as
mice, printers, and keyboards
Expansion slots allow the addition ofnew components
P S l
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Power Supply
Provides electrical power to PC
components
Uses 110VAC power from the wall
outlet
Has power connectors for themotherboard and other devices
Uses a fan to keep itself and the PC
cool inside
Safety Alert
High voltage capacitor holds power after
unplugged
Fl D i
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Floppy Drive
The floppy driveuses floppy diskettes to store data
Connects to the computer via a ribbon cable
Connects to the floppy controller on the motherboard
Uses a connector from the power supply
H d D i
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Hard Drive
Hard drivesstore programs and data not currently in use by
the CPU
Capacity quoted in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB)
A typical PC has one hard drive but may contain more
Common types include
Parallel AT attachment (PATA)
Serial AT attachment (SATA)
Small computer system
interface (SCSI)
Uses a power cable from
the power supply
O ti l M di
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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Optical Media
Two groups
CD
Stores about 700 MB
CD-ROM (read only)
CD-R, CD-RW (allows writing to
CD)
DVD
Stores about 4 GB of data
DVD-ROM, DVD+R, DVD-R,
DVD+RW, DVD-RW
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