Melissa Ganiere Robert Berwick George Mason University · AACRAO Annual Meeting 2014 March 30-...
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AACRAO Annual Meeting 2014 March 30- April 2 Denver, Colorado Melissa Ganiere Educational Credential Evaluators Robert Berwick George Mason University
Transcript of Melissa Ganiere Robert Berwick George Mason University · AACRAO Annual Meeting 2014 March 30-...
AACRAO Annual Meeting 2014March 30- April 2Denver, Colorado
Melissa GaniereEducational Credential Evaluators
Robert BerwickGeorge Mason University
Overview of Selected Regions
• Anglophone Africa– Nigeria (WAEC)– Kenya– Tanzania– Zimbabwe
• Southeast Asia – India– Sri Lanka– Indonesia– Philippines
• Central and South America– Peru– Venezuela
Secondary Education Structures
• 10 Years: Philippines
• 11 Years: Venezuela and Peru
• 12 Years: Nigeria, Kenya, India and Indonesia
– Length is consistent although structures vary
• 13 Years: Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Sri Lanka
– Based on O and A levels
• Exceptions: Countries with 13 years of secondary education that do not
function in binary systems (a.k.a. no advanced standing for the 13th year)
Benchmark vs. Years
• Compulsory education vs. high school diploma
• Are we comparing apples to apples?
• What should we be doing with the discrepancies? Adding, Subtracting, Ignoring?
Admission and Length
• How is the system divided?
• How long are the sectors of secondary education?
• What is the benchmark credential required for admission into post-secondary education?
Who issues the documents?
• National Examination Board
– Work is done at internal secondary school in preparation for external examination
• Ministry of Education
– Study is completed at individual secondary school but diploma is issued by a ministry
• Secondary School
– All documentation is issued by the secondary school
Ordinary Levels
Date Awarding Body
Nov/Dec 1983
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Education and Culture, Zimbabwe
June/July 1984 - Nov 1989
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Education, Zimbabwe
Nov 1989 - Nov 1990
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Zimbabwe
June 1990 - Nov 1995
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Education and Culture, Zimbabwe
Nov 1996 - June 1999
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council in collaboration with University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate
Nov 1999 - 2006 (possibly thru present)
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council
Advanced Levels
Date Awarding Body
Nov 1985 - June 1989
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Education, Zimbabwe
Nov 1989
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Zimbabwe
June 1990 - Nov 1995
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate International Examinations in collaboration with The Ministry of Education and Culture, Zimbabwe
Nov 1995University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Culture, Zimbabwe
Nov 1996 - Nov 2001University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate in collaboration with Zimbabwe School Examinations Council
Nov 2002 - 2008 (possibly thru present)
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council
Be Aware of changes!
Indonesian Secondary CredentialsIssuing Body Name of Credential Years Offered
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Surat Tanda Tamat BelajarSekolah Menegah Umum Tingkat Atat (SMA)
1948 - 1995
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar Sekolah Menegah Umum (SMU)
1996 - 1999
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Surat Tanda Tamat BelajarSekolah Menegah Umum (SMU)
2000 - 2002
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Surat Tanda KelulustanSekolah Menegah Umum (SMU)
2003
Departemen PendidikanNasional
Ijazah Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA) andSurat Tanda Lulus
2004 - 2009
Kementerian PendidikanNasional
Ijazah Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA) andSurat Tanda Lulus
2010 - 2011
Kementerian Pendidikan danKebudayaan
Ijazah Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA) andSurat Tanda Lulus
2012 -
Philippines9
Primary:
Grades 1-6
• 4 years of primary education and 2 years of intermediate education
• Compulsory, from age 7 to 12
Secondary: Grade 7-10
• Normally shown as Years I through IV on the transcript
What, if anything, is
considered the high school
portion?
Venezuela
Educación Prescolar (Preschool Education):
• Educación Primaria (Primary Education)– Grade 1-6
– Certificado de Educación Primaria
• Educación Básica (Basic Education)– Grade 7-9
– Certificado de Educación Básica
Educación Media (Middle Education):
• Educación Media Diversicada (Diversified MiddleEducation)– Grade 10-11
– Título de Bachiller en Ciencias, Humanidades, Artes
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Certificación de Calificaciones:Grades 7-9
Certificación de Calificaciones:Grade 10 - 11
Peru
• Educación inicial (Early Childhood Education)– Non-compulsory education from 0 – 5 years old.
• Educación primaria (Primary Education)– Grades 1-6
• Also offered as adult education for individuals aged 15 years or older
– Primary education is offered at Centros Educativos or Escuelas.
• Educación secundaria (Secondary Education)-general academic– Grades 7-11
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Certificado Oficialde Estudios
Nigeria
Primary Education: 6
years
• Divided into two cycles: Junior Secondary and Senior Secondary:
• Each cycle is 3 years in duration
Secondary Education: 6
years
• Junior School Certificate (JSC)
• Senior School Certificate (SSCE) or
• West African Senior School Certificate (WASSCE)
Credentials awarded:
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West African Examination Council
Candidates
Exam Dates
Results
• School
• Private
• May/June
• Nov/Dec
• Issued to students and sent to schools
• Continuous assessment grades
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WAEC Notification of Results20
West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE)
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WAEC Statement of Results:
West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE)
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WAEC Scratch Card
Front Back
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WAEC result checkerwww.waecdirect.org
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records available from 1991
Internal school records26
KENYA
Kenya National Examinations Council• http://www.knec.ac.ke/
8 years of primary education • End of compulsory
education
4 years of secondary education• Not compulsory, but
free
• Results in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education(KCSE)
Statement of Examination Results
Indonesia
•Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) [Kindergarten]
•Non-compulsory education between ages 3 & 6
•Sekolah Dasar (SD) [Primary School] or Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) [Islamic Primary School]
•6 years of compulsory education between ages 7-12, represents grades 1-6
Pre-primary and Primary Education
•Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) [Junior Secondary School] or Madrasah Tsanawiyah(MT) [Islamic Junior Secondary School]
•3 years of compulsory education from ages 13-15, represents grades 7-9
•Concludes basic, compulsory education in Indonesia
Lower Secondary School
•Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) [Senior Secondary School] or [Madrasah Aliyah (MA) [Islamic Secondary School]
•3 years of education from ages 16-18, represents grades 10-12
Upper Secondary Schools
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Ijazah for the Sekolah MenegahAtas (SMA) issued
by the KementerianPendidkan Nasional
Reverse of the Ijazah for the SMA =
Daftar Nilai Ujian(List of Exam
Results)
Surat KeteranganHasil Ujian Nasional
(National Examination)
India
All India Secondary School Examination
All India Senior School Certificate Examination
MaharashtraState Board
of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education:Secondary
School Certificate
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MaharashtraState Board of Secondary and
Higher Secondary Education:
HigherSecondary
School Certificate
Sri Lanka
Educational Reform
Introduced in 1999, fully implemented by 2000
Grade 1-5 = Primary Level (these grades now include Kindergarten)- 5 years
Grade 6-9 = Junior Secondary Level - 4 years
Grade 10-11 = Senior Secondary Level- 2 years
Grade 12-13 = Collegiate Level -2 years
British Secondary Education System in Sri Lanka
Department of Examinations:
General Certificate of Education
(O Level) ExaminationsResults Schedule
General Certificate of Education
(O Level) ExaminationsOfficial Statement
General Certificate of Education
(Advanced Level) Examinations
ZIMBABWE
http://www.zimsec.co.zw
7 years of Primary School (end of compulsory)
4 years of Lower Secondary• Leads to General Certificate of Secondary
Education-Ordinary Level
• Represents grades 10 & 11
2 years of Upper Secondary• Leads to General Certificate of Secondary
Education-Advanced Level
• Represents grades 12 & 13
Zimbabwe General
Certificate of Education at
Ordinary Level
Zimbabwe General
Certificate of Education-Advanced
Level
TANZANIA
http://www.necta.go.tz
7 years of Primary School (end of compulsory)
4 years of Lower Secondary
• Leads to Certificate of Secondary Education
• Represents grades 10 & 11
2 years of Upper Secondary
• Leads to Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education
• Represents grades 12 & 13
Certificate of Secondary Education
(CSE)
Advanced Certificate of
Secondary Education
(ACSE)
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