Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm,...
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Transcript of Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm,...
![Page 1: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Meiosis Chapter 9
1. ________Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber
A. Reproduction
2. _______
Larva can become adult of either sex
–Depends on conditions
3. __________• Females in summer (from unfertilized eggs)• Males in autumn
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_______Reproduction
• Single _________ produces offspring• All offspring are _________________ to
one another and to parent
________ Reproduction
•Two parents contribute to offspring•All offspring are ________________
![Page 3: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
____________ Chromosomes Carry Different ___________
• Cell has two of each___________________
• One from mother, other from father
• Paternal and maternal chromosomes carry
different ________
Terminology
• Offspring inherit new combinations of alleles
•This variation in traits is the basis for __________________change
![Page 4: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gamete Formation• Gametes are ___ cells (_______,______)
• Arise from _____cells
testes
ovaries
anther ovary
Chromosome Number• Germ cells are ______ (2n)
• Gametes are ________(n)
• Meiosis _________ chromosome number
![Page 5: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA replication
PROPHASE I
METAPHASE I
ANAPHASE I
TELOPHASE I
__________PROPHASE II
METAPHASE II
ANAPHASE II
TELOPHASE II
__________
No DNA _________
4 ______ nuclei
Meiosis: ____ nuclear divisions, ____ DNA replication
![Page 6: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Each homologue in the cell pairs with its partner,
then the partners separate
Meiosis I and II very similar to mitosis
1. DNA exchange occurs in ________
- Homologues swap _________
PROPHASE I METAPHASE I ANAPHASE I TELOPHASE I
2. No ________________ prior to Meiosis II
![Page 7: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Crossing Over
•_______________ chromosomes exchange segments
•Creates new allele
______________ in
offspring
These exchange points are called ___________
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Meiosis II - Stages
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II
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Comparison of mitosis and meiosis
End result ____ _____
Daughter cells __________________
Chiasmata?
Meiosis Mitosis
__________
_______ are the physical manifestation of crossing over, a form of genetic rearrangement.
# of divisions ____ ___
Purpose _______________
![Page 10: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fig. 9.10a p. 148
PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
MITOSIS
PROPHASE II METAPHASE II ANAPHASE II TELOPHASE II
MEIOSIS II
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Possible Chromosome
Combinations or
or
or
1 2 3
•number of possible combinations of chromosomes in a gamete is:
•____ (n is number of chromosome types)
![Page 12: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Factors Contributing to Variation Among Offspring
1. Crossing over during __________
2. Random _________ of
chromosomes at metaphase I
3. Random combination of ______at
fertilization
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Plant Life Cycle
multicelled sporophyte
multicelled gametophytes
zygote
gametes spores
meiosisfertilization
mitosis
mitosis
Diploid
Haploid
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Animal Life Cycle
multicelled body
gametes
zygote
meiosisfertilization
mitosis
Diploid
Haploid
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Spermatogenesis
GrowthMitosis I,
Cytoplasmic divisionMeiosis II,
Cytoplasmic division
spermatids (haploid)
secondary spermatocytes
(haploid)
primary spermatocyte
(diploid)
spermato-gonium
(diploid male reproductive
cell)
![Page 16: Meiosis Chapter 9 1. ________ Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber A. Reproduction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f335503460f94c4f998/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Oogenesis
Growth Mitosis I,Cytoplasmic division
Meiosis II,Cytoplasmic division
ovum (haploid)
primary oocyte (diploid)
oogonium (diploid
reproductive cell) secondary
oocyte haploid)
first polar body
haploid)
three polar bodies
haploid)
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Fertilization
• Male and female ______ unite and
nuclei _____
• Fusion of two haploid nuclei produces
_______ nucleus in the zygote
• Which two gametes unite is _______
– Adds to variation among offspring