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Invention of PrintingMonica, Megan, & Natasia

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IndexJohann Gurenberg.................................pg 3

Printing Press......................................pg 4 & 5

Movable Type.........................................pg 6

Paper Production....................................pg 7

Anatomy of Type....................................pg 8

Claude Garamond..................................pg 9

Jean Jannon...........................................pg 10

William Caxton....................................pg 11

Nicolas Jenson......................................pg 12

Adobe Jenson........................................pg 13

Peter Schoffer & Johann Fust.............pg 14

The Mainz Paslter.......................pg 15 & 16

Incunabula............................................pg 17

German Illustrated Book.....................pg 18

Roman Typefaces.................................pg 19

The “Blackletter”.........................pg 20 & 21v

Timeline of Print........................pgs 22 & 23

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The Printing Press Was revolutionary, it was a new mean of communication

Johann GutenbergJohann Gutenberg was a goldsmith and engineer born into an upper-class family in Mainz. In 1454 Gutenberg invented the printing press The concept was simple; he created individual lead characters that were assembled to create texts. This made printing much faster and more efficient. He is a printing legend who will be know forever.

Prin

ting P

ress

This is what the first printing press Johann

Gutenberg created looked like. Much simpler then

it will become.

Little is known about the life of Johann Gutenberg, portraits of Gutenberg were made long after his death and are based on the artist’s imagination, not Gutenberg’s actual appearance.

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Printing PressThe printing press had a very positive impact in a number of ways. It had a huge impact on education. You could now have printed books in classes and many of them. It transformed learning. The printing press also provided people with a new way to communicate. This allowed people to stay updated in politics and religion. The printing press y reducing the expense of publishing books and making the time less time and labor intensive.

The Printing Press Was revolutionary, it was a new mean of communication

It took Gutenberd 4 years to finish his wooden printing press which used movable metal type. He then sets up a printing shop where he has his first publications.

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Printing Press

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Movable TypeMovable type was a huge break through when it came to printing. Before movable type, it could take weeks to months to print out even a small book. Books were copied by hand on scrolls and paper, and even by hand-carved wooden blocks. Movable type made the letters more readable and also more durable then wooden letters. This made printing faster and more efficient. Letters could be Arranged and rearranged as many times as the printer wished and this made it easier to created different pages from the same page.

How Movable Type is made...

Movable type made Printing more practicable.

First a steel punch is fashioned and at one end a character is carved out in relief. The punch is then hammered into a small bar or block of copper. That Creates an image of the letter into the metal. From there the type was casted from this hollow using lead, antimony and tin. Several copies of each character are then casted and arranged in a large wooden drawer called a type case.

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Paper Production Now that there is a printing press that can produce products faster there is a higher need for paper which causes a papermaking spread through Western Europe.

Most paper was made in water-powered paper mills that used wood pulp to make the it by stirring the pulp and then pouring it into a sheet mold. Mills that produce paper were found near cities and areas where there is good supply of clean and clear water. The use of clean water during paper making will make paper speck free which allows it to look better.

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Anatomy of TypeThe anatomy of type is crucial when it comes to Making movable type. To make it you have know how the type you are making inside and out. Also you need to know how big, small, tall, and wide to make the type. You have to know the anatomy to make movable type.

Printingbowl

x-height

loop

ascender line

baseline

descender line

stem

shoulder body

serif

nick

set width

back

face

beard

counter

feet

belly

point size

As you can see there are many similarities between the anatomy of type and the movable type block. They are very connected to eachother and also with printing.

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Claude GaramondGaramond Claude was born in Paris, France in 1490. Claude Garamond was one of the first people to specialize in type design, punch cutting, and type-founding. In 1545 Garamond became his own publisher where he featured his types which included a new italic.

Claude Garamond created many beautiful typefaces including Garamond. Garamond is the font used as the header on this page. We still to this day use his typefaces, that shows how big of an impact Garamond was on the printing and type industry.

To the left is one of the famous typefaces that Claude Garamond created. This typefac-es is named after him and is called “Garamond.” This typeface is still very popular to this day.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

1234567890

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Jean JannonJean Jannon was a French punchcutter and printer in Paris and Sedan. He worked as a printer for the Calvinist Academy in Sedan. When his typefaces were rediscovered centuries later, they were erroneously attributed to Claude Garamond.

Although Jannon’s forms are clearly different, being more asymmetrical and irregular in slope and axis, they are clearly

in the Garamond tradition

The text above is one of the fonts that Jannon created , it is named it

Jannon, after v.

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William CaxtonWilliam Caxton was the first English printer. He establishes the first printing press in England at Westminster. He then printing many books Including, “The Canterbury” and “Fables of ASesop.” Caxton is also the first person to sell printed books in England. For this first time Caxton uses cooper engravings instead of woodcut for illustrations.

William Caxton translated several books into English. Caxton published key works of English literature, such as Chaucer and Malory, as well as short religious texts, many of which he translated from French or Latin.

William Caxton’s Printer’s device from, Myrrour of the World, 1490

Nicolas Jenson

Was a French printer, engraver, and type designer. Most of his work was created within Venice, Italy. He is known for having made one of the finest early Roman type faces.

Sent to Mainz by King Charles VII to study the art of metal movable type. He then studied under Johannes Gutenberg.

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Adobe JensonFirst released in 1996 as a multiple master font. It was made with sophisticated interpolation (multiple master technology). This way, a wide range of weights and optical sizes were suitable for different text sizes. This gave it graceful, slender, and clean designs for headings.

This is an old-style serif typeface, drawn for AdobeSystems. It was designed by Robert Slimbach, based on text face cut by Nicolas Jenson from 15th century Venice.

This is ideal for large bodies of text due to it’s high readability.

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This is ideal for large bodies of text due to it’s high readability.

Peter was a printer, publisher, and a bookseller. He was born in Gernsheim, Germany. He worked for Johann Fust, originally a workman of Johannes Gutenberg. In the year of 1455, he testified for Fust against Gutenberg regarding foreclosure of the mortgage on Gutenberg’s printing workshop.

Peter Schoffer & Johann Fust

Peter was a printer, publisher, and a bookseller. He was born

in Gernsheim, Germany, growing up and studying at

both a Latin school, as well as a seminary in Mainz.

Peter made the Psalter in 1457, the 1462 Bible, Cicero’s Deofficiis in 1465, and Herbarius - Rogatu plurimorum in 1484.

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The Mainz Psalter

Following the Gutenberg Bible, this is the second major book which was printed with movable type in the Western regions of Europe. It was originally commissioned by the Mainz archbishop in the year of 1457.

It was the first book to include a printed date of publication, as well as printed colophons, decorative initials, two different sizes of type, and three colors.

After their leave from Johannes Gutenberg, Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer issued this Psalter.

Two versions were originally printed. There was the short issue at 143 leaves, and the

long issue at 175 leaves.

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All surviving copies are on vellum (animal skin), and it isn’t certain if any paper copies were ever actually printed. There are ten surviving copies to date of the 1457 edition. Some fragments also exist.

The Mainz PsalterIt is bound in a purple velvet, with appliqué gilt corner pieces and crowned GIIIR monogram in the center. The printed text has two-color woodcuts, printed on the same press thanks to them being relief processes. This Psalter was printed with black and red inks, as well as blue.

Two versions were originally printed. There was the short issue at 143 leaves, and the

long issue at 175 leaves.

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IncunabulaThis is a work of art or results of human industry, of an earlier epoch. Typically a book printed before 1500 C.E would be considered incunabula. Incunabula is a Latin word, originally meaning ‘swaddling bands’, which held an infant in their cradle. This carries over to human industry, such as “Cradling the Industrial Revolution”.The first recorded user of this word is Thomas De Quincey, author of Confessions of an Opium Eater, appeared in the 19th century.

Someone who collects incunabula is an incunabulist, and the singular version of incunabula is incunable.

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Someone who collects incunabula is an incunabulist, and the singular version of incunabula is incunable.

The German Illustrated Book

This book was illustrated and engraved by Michael Wohlgemuth, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff and Albrecht Dürer. The book contains 1809 prints and is taken from 645 woodcuts.

1493

Woodcut artists and typographic artists and printers all came to-gether to develop the illustrated book and broadsheet in Germany

Scribes and artists were often called upon to make examples for illustrated books.

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Roman Typefaces

This is one of the main three kinds of historical type fac-es, along with black letter, and italic. European scribal manuscript styles from the 15th century were referenced for Roman type. Familiar Roman typefaces today include: Baskerville, Bembo, Caslon, Garamond, Jenson, and Times New Roman.

Most of these typefaces were later revived after several centures into cleaner, more evolved fonts.

In the Renaissance era, italic type and Roman type were used separately. Today, the two are mixed, most composed with upright roman styles alongside options of italic or oblique styles.

Four major families can be identified: Textura, Rotunda, Schwabacher, and Fraktur.

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The “Blackletter” The Blackletter typeface was one of the first printed books inEurope. It was used in the Guthenburg Bible and was sometimes referred to as Gothic, Fraktur, or Old English. It is dramatic thin and thick strokes with elab-orate swirls on the serifs. The Blackletter typeface evolved in Western Europe from the mid twelfth century.

Four major families can be identified: Textura, Rotunda, Schwabacher, and Fraktur.

Blackletter signaled a new era in typefaces used for printing when Gutenberg

used the Blckletter typeface in his bible and books. Nowadays, the Black-letter typeface can be found in certificates, diplomas, and newspaper nameplates.

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The “Black Letter” Families

Fraktur

Rotunda

Schwabacher

Textura

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Time-line of Print

3100 C.ECuneiform developed in Sumer. It is one of

the earliest known writing systems.

1951Inkjet printing

developed

Paper invented in China by monks

A Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson

1755

Declaration ofIndependence printed July 4

by John Dunlap.

1776

1830

100 CE

1465Drypoint engraving

developed in Germany.Paper mill

established in England.

1495

Book of Hours printed in Arabic types in Fano

(Italy).

1514

Paperback apear in England and Ireland

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Timeline of PrintTimeline of Print

Hewlett Packard wi-fi laser printer introduced.

Wikipedia launched.

Facebook social network launched.

Twitter social networking service launched.

Nook e-reader developed by Barnes

and Noble

St. John's Bible first completely handwritten and illuminated Bible

Sorts from the lost Dove Press type located on the banks of the River Thames.

2001

2004

2009

2011

2014

2003

2006

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Invention of PrintingProcess Book

Megan Kemptar

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Mind Mapping

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Inspiration

-First we were going to use this as the background then we decided it would be too much.

-Then I found this somehwere and really loved the color pallete.

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Sketches

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Bibliography

"The Anatomy of Printing." The Anatomy of Printing. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.

"GRIFFEN MILL HANDMADE PAPER." Griffen Mill Guide to the History of Papermaking in Europe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.

"The History of Print from 1400 to 1499." Prepressure The History of Print from 1400 to 1499 Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.

"HISTORY OF PRINTING." HISTORY OF PRINTING. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2016.

"The Invention of the Printing Press." Garamond -. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.