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SingaporeDecember 1-2, 2016
Meeting Review
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2UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
Highlights
149 delegates from 36 countries gathered in
Singapore for the third World Cold Chain Summit
to Reduce Food Loss, hosted by Carrier and
United Technologies Corp. Speakers included
representatives of the United Nations Environment
Programme - Think.Eat.Save, ReFED, Cemafroid-
Tecnea, India’s National Centre for Cold-chain
Development, YES Bank, the China Federation of
Logistics & Purchasing, the International Institute of
Refrigeration, the Global Cold Chain Alliance, and
a number of policymakers and business, academic
and industry leaders.
Food loss and waste is estimated to be as much
as 40 percent of total global food production,
contributing to hunger, carbon emissions, and
degraded land and water resources.
Conference speakers offered dynamic examples
from both developing and developed countries of the
positive impact that investment in the modern cold
chain can have on wasting less food, feeding more
people and healing the natural world.
Keynote addresses and panels focused on unveiling
hot spots in the food supply chain and exploring
solutions and financing to deploy modern cold
chain practices to reducing food loss and waste.
All of these activities support the UN Sustainable
Development 12.3 Goal calling for a halving of food
waste by 2030.
John Mandyck, Chief Sustainability Officer, United
Technologies, highlighted that food loss and waste
are “hiding in plain sight,” and represent a new
source that can feed 4 billion people, reduce
carbon emissions equivalent to all the cars driven
each year, and save enough water to meet the
annual needs of the entire continent of Africa. He
concluded that attendees had shifted from the “why”
to the “how” along the journey of the past three
World Cold Chain Summits.
Day 1
Opening
Jon Shaw, Director, Sustainability & Marketing
Communications, Carrier Transicold & Refrigeration
Systems (USA), greeted 149 delegates from 36
countries to the third World Cold Chain Summit on
behalf of Carrier and its parent company United
Technologies. Growing from 65 participants from
12 countries attending the first gathering in 2014,
this year’s Summit was among the most diverse
private-sector events devoted to cold chain
development.
Shaw reviewed highlights from the 2015 World Cold
Chain Summit. These included:
• An industry commitment to the UN Sustainable
Development 12.3 Goal, which calls for a halving
of food waste by 2030.
• An estimate from the International Institute of
Refrigeration (IIR) that 23 percent of food loss
in developing countries is due to lack of a
cold chain.
• Confirmation that greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from food waste could see a tenfold
net reduction if developing countries installed the
same level of cold chain as developed countries.
• A belief that “The Age of Food Efficiency”
has begun, with investment and education
possibilities available that have parallels with the
rise of the green building movement.
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3UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
David Appel, President, Carrier Transicold &
Refrigeration Systems (USA), then introduced
United Technologies, the world’s leading provider
of products and services for aviation and global
building systems, and parent of Carrier, Carrier
Transicold and Sensitech, all companies that play
a leading role in innovating cold chain technologies.
Appel described some of these innovations,
including Carrier Transicold’s Citifresh™, a
truck refrigeration unit specifically designed
for developing regions to improve perishable
product quality and shelf life while reducing loss
and waste during transport. United Technologies
companies have also made investments in
telematics to wirelessly monitor truck-trailer
assets, and in remote monitoring capabilities to
manage equipment and schedule maintenance
in supermarkets.
“Our goal is to leverage our digital technology
even further to break down information barriers,
so we can better understand what is happening
to our food as it moves along the cold chain from
farm to fork,” Appel said. “This will provide greater
visibility to our customers and help reduce food
losses and waste during transport.”
Appel also addressed the issue of engines
and engineless technology. While conventional
refrigeration units use a stand-alone diesel engine
as a power source, he told the audience, many in the
industry believe that this technology will be phased
out over the next 10 to 20 years as regulators
continue to focus on reduced emissions. Earlier
in 2016, Carrier acquired technology that uses
the vehicle engine to power hydraulics to run
the refrigeration unit, eliminating the need for
a second stand-alone diesel engine. The result
is zero emissions, fuel savings and less noise.
“Engineless technologies are here to stay,”
Appel said.
Other efforts to reduce GHG emissions include
Carrier’s development of CO2 technology for
transport and commercial refrigeration, using CO2 as
a natural refrigerant to help reduce the level of CO2
emissions. Carrier has nearly 4,000 CO2 supermarket
systems installed across Europe. The company also
uses CO2 refrigerant in its NaturaLINE® container
unit, and is field-testing CO2 trailer units with two
major grocery fleets in Europe.
The goal of the Summit, Appel concluded, was to
develop a road map to reduce food loss and food
waste around the world. “Not only can we green
the cold chain, but by better managing our food
supply with cold chain technology, we can reduce
food loss and waste, feed more people, and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the
supply of food.”
Mandyck then took the audience through a high-
level overview of food loss, highlighting and updating
information from his book, Food Foolish. Mandyck
said he was encouraged by the industry’s progress
in reducing food loss and waste over the prior year,
and optimistic about the future. “We can apply
technology and make a significant difference in food
loss and waste,” he told the Summit audience. “I am
convinced that by working together we can find the
sustainable source of food that can save our planet.”
Highlights from Mandyck’s Food Foolish
overview included:
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4UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
• Humankind has the capability today of
feeding 10 billion people, but 800 million are
chronically undernourished while 2 billion
suffer from malnutrition because up to 40
percent of all food is lost or wasted.
• Food loss creates 4.4 billion metric tons of CO2
annually, which, if measured as a country,
would be the world’s third largest emitter of
GHG emissions behind China and the US.
One-third of CO2 emissions are absorbed by
the ocean, contributing to a rise of 26 percent
in acidification over the prior 200 years while
helping to kill off the basic building blocks of life
in the ocean.
• Agriculture requires 70 percent of all freshwater
used by humankind; wasted food is also
wasted water.
• Food loss and waste is a source of nutrition
“hiding in plain sight” that can feed another
4 billion people, enough for everyone who will
join the planet by 2050. Solving the issue of
food loss and waste would also reduce CO2
emissions equivalent to removing every car
from every road every year, and conserve
enough water to fulfill the annual water needs of
the African continent.
Two-thirds of all losses occur at the production and
distribution level of the global food chain, Mandyck
told the Summit audience, while five of the top six
lost and wasted food categories are perishable
foods that supply humankind with a majority of its
necessary vitamins and nutrients. Despite this,
only 10 percent of global perishable foods are
refrigerated—the very foods that can benefit most
from simple refrigeration technologies. An expanded
cold chain has additional climate benefits, Mandyck
said, noting that for every ton of carbon eliminated
by growing the cold chain in emerging economies,
there is a 10-ton reduction in GHG emissions.
“In what other important system do we tolerate a
40 percent loss?” Mandyck asked participants.
“Food loss and waste is an important social and
economic opportunity, and the experts who can take
advantage of it are here today.”
Keynote Addresses – Food Loss & Waste
The Summit’s first keynote address was
presented by Clementine O’Connor, Think.Eat.
Save Coordinator, United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) (France). Think.Eat.Save is a
campaign of the Save Food Initiative, a partnership
between UNEP, the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Messe Düsseldorf
in support of the UN Secretary-General’s Zero
Hunger Initiatives. The Save Food Initiative seeks to
add its authority and voice to galvanize widespread
global, regional and national actions, and catalyze
more sectors of society to act on the issue of food
loss and waste.
O’Connor highlighted Target 12.3, the UN goal
adopted in September 2015 to halve food waste by
2030. She noted the founding in January 2016 of
Champions 12.3, a unique coalition of executives
collaborating to accelerate progress on delivery
against this critical target. While the US, European
Union and much of Africa have adopted goals
consistent with the UN goal, O’Connor said, “There
is still a lot of white space on the map.” UNEP
seeks additional participation from countries in Latin
America and Asia, from agribusiness companies, and
from cities, in which two-thirds of humankind will live
by 2050.
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5UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
Think.Eat.Save places particular emphasis on food
waste at the retail and consumer segments of the
food supply chain. “We published a comprehensive
approach to food waste prevention programmes
at the national and local levels in 2014,” O’Connor
added, “and are now piloting this guidance in South
Africa and Saudi Arabia.” Modules include mapping
and measurement, policy, activities in households,
and activities in the supply chain.
“Start quantifying,” she suggested. “Generate more
action by more entities across more regions. Make
the ‘business case.’ Then increase investment and
accelerate capacity building.”
O’Connor introduced the Food Loss and Waste
Protocol, developed by World Resource Institute
(WRI), which was published in June 2016 to
provide a global standard for food loss and
waste measurement. “Companies can help by
encouraging their partners to measure loss and
waste and become actively involved in achieving the
Target 12.3 goals,” she said.
The morning’s second keynote address was given
by Eva Louise Goulbourne, Associate Director of
Programs & Communications, ReFED (USA). ReFED
is a nonprofit collaboration formed in 2015 of over
30 business, nonprofit, foundation and government
leaders committed to reducing food waste in the
United States. In March 2016, ReFED launched
“A Roadmap to Reduce U.S. Food Waste by 20
Percent,” the first-ever national economic study
and action plan driven by a multi-stakeholder
group committed to tackling food waste at scale.
Goulbourne told the audience that US food waste
consumes 18 percent of cropland, 19 percent of
fertilizer, 21 percent of freshwater and 21 percent
of landfill volume, and generates 5 percent of
national GHG emissions. Nearly 85 percent of
all food waste in the US happens in homes or
consumer-facing businesses such as restaurants,
retail grocers and institutional cafeterias. “I am
completely convinced,” Goulbourne said, “that the
issue of food waste is one that we can solve together
in our lifetimes.”
ReFED has estimated that an $18 billion investment
in 27 identified solution areas to reduce US food
waste by 20 percent will yield $100 billion in societal
economic value over a decade. All 27 solutions have
at least a break-even impact, and many have very
positive financial returns.
“Ultimately,” Goulbourne said, “as we looked
at the range of different solutions that can drive
reductions in food waste, we identified four cross-
cutting actions that are needed to scale food waste
reductions.” These include:
• To overcome bottlenecks to unlocking $18
billion in financing, $100 million to $200 million
annually is needed in catalytic grants, innovation
investments and low-cost project finance.
• Commonsense policy adjustments are needed
to scale federal food donation tax incentives,
standardize safe handling regulations, and boost
recycling infrastructure by expanding state and
local incentives and reducing permitting barriers.
The biggest lever to accelerate change is
comprehensive federal legislation.
• Key technology and business-model innovations
are needed around packaging and labeling, IT-
enabled transportation and storage, logistics
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6UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
software, value-added compost products, and
distributed recycling.
• Launching a widespread training effort to change
the behavior of food business employees is
critical. In addition, campaigns to raise food
waste awareness among consumers will yield
substantial improvements.
“Every year,” Goulbourne concluded, “American
consumers, businesses and farms spend $218
billion—roughly 1.3 percent of GDP—on food
that is never eaten. This is absurd and totally
unnecessary. Once we realize the real cost of food,
we can truly avoid wasting such a precious resource,
in the US and globally.”
Panel 1—The Cold Chain
The Summit’s first panel was chaired by Gérald
Cavalier, President, Cemafroid-Tecnea (France).
Cavalier reminded the audience that the cold chain
has been protecting food and providing a financial
return for 140 years. However, its impact today
is still unevenly spread; there are 10 times less
domestic refrigeration, transport and storage
assets in developing countries than in developed
countries, resulting in three times more food loss
in developing countries. “We have an opportunity
to build bridges between people, organizations
and countries,” Cavalier said, “to build a robust
cold chain.”
The panel’s first speaker was Pawanexh Kohli,
CEO & Chief Advisor, National Centre for Cold-
chain Development (NCCCD) (India). The NCCCD
is focused on food loss by applying the right
kinds of technologies in the right areas to reduce
inefficiencies in the cold chain. “The 1.3 billion tons
of food lost and wasted globally is 44 percent fruits
and vegetables,” Kohli said. “The problem is real and
the problem is major.”
Kohli drew a distinction between food loss,
which occurs upstream before reaching retail and
consumer markets, and food waste, which occurs in
the hands of the consumer and at the consumption
level. “Focusing only on food waste means that
we accept food loss to start with,” he said,
“and this is unacceptable! Food loss is NOT
sustainable.” Then Kohli challenged the Summit
audience on a number of traditional cold chain
principles. “All food must be handled with one end
use in mind,” he said: “consumption.” This suggests
that gainful productivity is not just a measure of
traditional farm and postharvest yield, but involves
food delivery, market access and market reach. He
explained the differentiation between “holding life”
and “shelf life” of a food item. Holding life was the
period under care in its entire supply chain journey,
with shelf life achieved only after it reaches a
retailer’s shelf. “Shelf life is a small period of the total
holding life. Without the cold chain,” Kohli added,
“the holding life is limited, narrowing the range of
accessible markets, and the final time left on the
shelf is even smaller.”
Expanding on this concept, he told the Summit
audience that food loss is not a static measure. In
large parts of the world, farmers discard their harvest
due to lack of any logistics connectivity with markets
—the refrigerated trucks, trailers and containers
used to move perishable product. India has only 12
percent capacity ratio in cold transport-to-stationary
refrigeration, Kohli said. “We have not completed the
chain. It is our biggest weak link.”
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7UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
Despite adding 1 million tons of capacity in cold
storage last year, taking India’s cold storage
capacity to 34 million tons, the world’s largest, the
country requires another $15 billion in investment
to meet today’s demand for cold chain assets and
connectivity. “We need more capacity to handle
more of what we produce, so that we can produce
even more.” Indians spend about 45 percent of their
income on food, “so by reducing food loss we can
improve our society on many levels.” Already, the
globe’s food loss and waste was adding 4.4 billion
tons in greenhouse gas emissions to our
fading environment.
India has large distances compounded with unique
infrastructure problems. India needs to bridge
the gap between demand and supply. “The cold
chain can be that logistics bridge from farm to
consumers,” Kohli said. “Uncovering solutions for
food loss means maintaining a ‘delivery bias’ moving
from food in banks to food on shelves, making
food accessible to consumers. Greater global
collaboration is a must for global sustenance.”
Finally, he challenged the audience by reframing
loss and waste in the global food model. We live in
a “delivery-constrained society,” he said. “It’s not
that we lose only 30 percent of food production.
It’s that we can only handle 60 percent of what
we use. Everything else is a 100 percent loss. And
this loss has a multiplier effect when factoring in
the environment impact. Food loss is critical to
survival of our civilization.”
The panel’s second speaker was Zhongfu Cui, Vice
President & Secretary-General, China Federation
of Logistics & Purchasing. The Chinese cold chain
market was valued at CNY $180 billion in 2015, with
annual revenue of the top 100 companies reaching
CNY $18 billion. The industry is projected to grow by
over 20 percent annually over the next three to five
years, including both refrigerated warehouses and
refrigerated vehicles. Market drivers for cold chain
growth include introduction in 2015 of a strict
food safety law, growing demand by consumers
for enhanced food safety and quality, and a sharp
increase in the urban population, which raises
the demand for perishable products. The country’s
“Belt and Roads Initiatives” is also driving cross-
border food trade, propelling the development of a
sophisticated logistics industry. “China has become
the world’s largest food importer and consumer,”
Cui noted.
“Because of a lack of cold chain in China,” he said,
“we believe our loss of related product is about
30 percent. Investment in precooling is helping to
reduce the loss in the last few years, but challenges
remain.” These include an “irrational infrastructure,”
with low refrigerated vehicle resources compared to
refrigerated warehouse space. Cui also noted the
lack of staff to monitor and coordinate cold chain
activities, the lack of unified standards, and
generally poor awareness of the social and
economic advantages that result from robust
cold chain logistics.
There are many positive trends, however. Cui said
that area branding of agricultural products has
begun, offering huge potential. More transportation
methods such as railway cold chain logistics are
being introduced, and fresh e-commerce is booming.
And, while talent is urgently needed, Cui said, “our
federation has initiated a development program, and
there are now 500 institutions providing academic
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8UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
training in logistics in China. We are also increasing
on-the-job training and importing standards.”
The panel’s third speaker was Judith Evans,
the UK representative to the IIR and professor,
London South Bank University (UK). The IIR is the
only intergovernmental science and technology-
based organization that promotes knowledge of
refrigeration and associated technologies to improve
quality of life in a cost-effective and environmentally
sustainable manner. The organization consists of
58 member countries, 510 private and corporate
members and 500 experts, and has commissions
related to food science and engineering, refrigerated
storage and refrigerated transport.
Evans noted that the IIR has identified as key issues
the world’s growing population, urbanization,
growing consumer expectations, climate change
and depletion of natural resources. She reiterated
the fact that 23 percent of food losses in developing
countries and 9 percent in developed countries are
caused by a lack of refrigeration.
With these issues in mind, the organization’s
initiatives encompass low temperature technologies,
low global warming refrigerants, and food quality
and safety from farm to consumer. IIR “working
parties,” which meet for a defined period around a
specific problem and then disband, are focused on
issues such as the performance of the cold chain in
hot climates. This particular working party is about
18 months old and has worked to raise awareness
of decision-makers and stakeholders with regards
to the cold chain, identify problems with cold
chain operations in warm countries, and introduce
guidelines and training on good cold chain practices.
IIR also hosts conferences and workshops, research,
and provides industry information, including
publishing the International Journal of Refrigeration.
“The IIR has potentially huge networks to be able
to help the food waste initiative,” Evans concluded,
encouraging membership.
Panel 2—Hot Spots in Emerging Segments
After lunch, Richard Tracy, International Programs
Director, Global Cold Chain Alliance (USA), hosted
the day’s second panel focused on “Hot Spots in
Emerging Segments” of the cold chain.
The first panelist was Annette Phoebe Young, Supply
Chain Director of ExFresh (China). Young began by
telling the audience that “e-commerce in China is
crazy, just crazy. You can’t imagine. But with this
kind of growth, how do you build logistics?” China’s
fresh product e-commerce is expected to reach
US $21 billion in 2016 and has, over the last five
years, grown 22 times. ExFresh has 10 warehouses
and 150 delivery hubs across China, having grown
from 700 to 4,200 people in 18 months. Still, Young
said, the upside is enormous because penetration
nationally of fresh product e-commerce is just 2
percent. “We can grow two to three times annually
for the next five years,” she added.
The main challenge in 2015 was national expansion
of the company’s logistics footprint. Logistics in
China, Young said, are expensive, and food loss
is great. Fulfillment costs for ExFresh are still
about 30 percent of total costs, she noted, which
is down historically but still too high. In 2016, the
company focused on efficiency and how to improve
service delivery. “For fresh products delivered to
a customer’s house, we have to open items for
inspection. If the customer is not happy, the product
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9UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
will be returned. Delivery is a very challenging job.”
Losses are 5-8 percent, “still too high.” The company
is seeking to make greater use of information to
scale its operations. “If we don’t use technology and
information, it will be a nightmare,” she added.
ExFresh wants to pioneer the changing cold
chain in China by strengthening and completing
the food logistics network, enhancing technology,
improving fresh product technology and solutions
for all conditions (fruit is freezing in northern
China, for example), and establishing a platform
that allows third-party warehouses and trucks
to share information. “Even if growth is crazy,” she
concluded, “today is the time to build the cold chain
to service e-commerce fresh product in China.”
In contrast to this extraordinary growth, Dr. D.
Sylvain Dabadé, Assistant Professor, Food Science
and Nutrition, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin),
discussed challenges in the West African country
of Benin. Located near the equator, Benin has a
population of 11 million. Agriculture contributes
35 percent of GDP. The country ships produce
and seafood but lacks adequate cold storage
facilities, transportation infrastructure, packaging
resources and refrigerated transportation.
Dabadé noted that there is a lack of cold
chain awareness and education, and generally
disorganized supply chains. Food losses can climb
to 50 percent.
Opportunities within Benin include a willingness by
stakeholders to improve cold chain management,
bolster training and construct cold storage facilities.
The shrimp industry has received investment from
Belgium, and the country partnered with some Dutch
universities to perform research on conditions that
will enable a stable access of its main exported
products to the international market. “There is a
need to increase the awareness of the importance
of cold chain management, and the need for more
local government investment. We also believe,” Dr.
Dabadé said, “that importing countries might provide
technical and managerial assistance for exporting
countries with limited resources.”
The panel’s third speaker was Dr. Majeed
Mohammed, Postharvest Physiologist, University
of the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago), who
discussed gaps in the cold chain in the Caribbean.
Produce is often covered when transported, he
said, though not ventilated or refrigerated. It can
be stored in a holding area that is also not chilled.
Sometimes product is chilled in storage but then
prepared in ambient conditions—and then placed
back in refrigeration. At other times, incompatible
commodities are stored within the same room.
Postharvest losses on bananas range from 30-40
percent and on peppers from 40-50 percent.
There is reason for optimism, Dr. Mohammed
said, and local models that work. For example,
the Bahamas has a robust cold chain. And the
Postharvest Education Foundation (PEF) is
providing training, tools and basic equipment. As
of 2015, more than 125 people had graduated from
PEF e-learning, going on to train more than 30,000
farmers and food handlers. “We need an unbroken
cold chain from harvest to delivery to retailer or
supermarket,” Dr. Mohammed concluded, “to extend
shelf life, reduce shipping and retailer waste, provide
better consumer availability, and increase revenue.”
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10UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
Panel 3—Hot Spots in Mature Segments
The third panel of Day One of the World Cold
Chain Summit was chaired by Manuel Madrid, Fruit
Profits (Spain) and focused on “Hot Spots in Mature
Segments” of the cold chain.
The first speaker was Ben Horsbrugh, Quality
Management—Fresh Produce, Greenyard Foods
(Belgium), a global player in fruits and vegetables.
Company segments include fresh, frozen and
prepared foods, and growing media and soil
improvers. Horsbrugh concentrated on three hot
spots from the perspective of a mature cold
chain market:
• Data Management. Cold chain data in fresh
produce supply chains is rarely visible and can
be difficult to interpret, he said. He emphasized
the need to create solutions that use data
more effectively, showing one example
that combined knowledge of quality and
temperature to predict shelf life.
• Climate Volatility. Horsbrugh highlighted
examples of extreme weather such as heat and
rain, and its impact on perishable quality and
shelf life. He questioned whether cold chain
technology could be used to mitigate quality
issues related to conditions he characterized as
“at the limit.”
• The Retail Store. Finally, he asked, “Is cold
chain technology key to reducing food waste at
the point of sale?”
Horsbrugh concluded his discussion by saying that
“the technology is there but sometimes it’s not being
used, and when it’s being used we need to take the
time to figure the best way to use it.”
Scott Devers, Regional Seafreight Manager—
Reefer Logistics, Kuehne + Nagel (Singapore),
introduced his company, which has 1,200 offices
and 69,000 employees, including more than 300
reefer specialists dedicated to temperature control.
He provided the Summit audience with an overview
of the container market, saying that of 175 million
global Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) capacity,
5.2 percent were reefer containers. He addressed
the issue of supply consolidation and a shift from
air-to-sea volumes, and identified hot spots in the
mature cold chain. These included a lack of cold
chain knowledge and training within the industry,
and a greater need for preconditioning of cargo.
“Most reefers are moved without adequately
preconditioned product due to cost, timing,
lack of infrastructure and limited cold chain
knowledge,” Devers said.
Adam Wade, National Transport Leader, Lion Dairy
& Drinks (Australia), focused delegates on food loss
and waste in Australia, a country that creates 7.5
million metric tons of food waste annually, equivalent
to 6.8 million metric tons of GHG emissions. “Food
waste contributes approximately one-third of the
country’s municipal solid waste,” Wade said, “and
about one-fifth of commercial and industrial
waste streams.”
The Lion Dairy & Drinks (Lion) business is being
challenged by its customer base to extend
shelf life of its dairy and juice products while at
the same time recently experiencing a number of
deliveries that did not meet with its stringent internal
temperature compliance guidelines. In response,
Lion met with industry and cold chain experts,
collaborated more closely with its customers,
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invested in intensive network trials, and undertook
independent cold chain performance testing.
Results of these initiatives included confirmation
of considerable variability in the environments
in which Lion must operate, and the discovery
of considerable variability in airflow and thermal
efficiency within its refrigerated transport network.
“Return air in a reefer,” Wade said, “is not a true
indicator of product condition.” The company also
identified a “little-known but helpful” standard for
the construction and commissioning of trailers upon
which it could develop internal protocols.
The outcome of Lion’s work was the creation
of a clearly defined refrigeration policy for
carrying freight, development of an auditing
and compliance program specific to outbound
logistics, and a defined future state for vehicles
carrying Lion freight, including independent
monitoring and minimum thermal efficiency.
Lion’s intensive focus on the cold chain has paid
off, with a 77 percent reduction in costs associated
with temperature-related waste, and an 85
percent reduction in delivery complaints caused
by temperature. “We are actively engaging in the
industry to raise the standard of refrigerated trailer
equipment in Australia,” Wade told the audience.
He added, “I urge you to act now by looking more
deeply into your product and transport capability
to maximize the opportunities residing in your
outbound cold chain.”
Day 2
Shaw welcomed participants for Day Two of the
World Cold Chain Summit and introduced the chair
of the session’s first panel, Mark Cywilko,
former President of Carrier Transicold. Having
been involved in the cold chain since the 1970s,
Cywilko introduced his panel’s topic—“The Cold
Chain Frontier”—by saying that only in recent years
has real progress been made in linking cold chain
performance with food loss and waste. The day’s
panel, Cywilko added, would demonstrate
these advances.
Panel 1—Exploration: The Cold Chain Frontier
Pankaj Mehta, Managing Director, Carrier Transicold
India, presented a pilot cold chain study conducted
in India targeting cold chain development. India
is the second largest producer of fruits and
vegetables in the world, Mehta said, but less
than 1 percent moves through the cold chain.
India needs 50,000 reefer vehicles and 70,000
packhouses in order to meet current demand for
refrigerated services. Without this, between 30-40
percent of horticultural produce gets wasted. Some
of the waste comes not from discarded product,
but from value reduction due to lack of a robust
cold chain.
“People in India believe the cold chain is expensive
and complex,” Mehta said. To respond, Carrier
partnered with the National Centre for Cold-chain
Development to prove the viability of the cold chain
for a specific product, one that could be used to
provide a framework for other perishables. The
product selected was the kinnow, a high-vitamin and
juicy variety of mandarin that generates as much as
32 percent waste as it moves along the food chain.
Working with Balaji, a large kinnow aggregator, a
pilot cold chain route was set between Abohar in
the Punjab state in north India, to Bangalore in the
south, a distance of approximately 2,500 kilometers
(1,600 miles).
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12UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
While current practice is to ship in open trucks, the
pilot protocol added precooling, cold storage and
reefers. The results were a substantial increase in
holding life, a reduction in food loss of 76 percent
and in GHG emissions of 16 percent, an increase
in wholesale price (assisted by the ability to sell
in off-season), and profits that rose from 2-21
percent. “These are lessons that can be applied to
the entire industry,” Mehta said.
Eric Prieur, Director of Cold Chain Sustainability,
Carrier Transicold & Refrigeration Systems (France),
introduced the “Cool label” concept to the audience
as a way of promoting cold chain effectiveness
to the consumer, similar to what the timber and
seafood industries have done to promote the value
of certified, sustainable products. “Those two
examples are inspiring,” Prieur said. “What would it
look like to certify the cold chain?” he asked. Prieur
also referenced the U.S. Green Building Council® and
its LEED® certification as another example of how an
industry can connect sustainability with quality and
standards, driving consumer demand.
Prieur issued a call to action, asking Summit
attendees for their help in creating a cross-cutting
team willing to propose and pilot a cold chain
certification process. “Certifying the cold chain,”
Prieur said, “will go a long way toward enhancing
efforts to reduce food loss and waste.”
The panel’s third speaker, Kevin Fay, Executive
Director, Global Food Cold Chain Council (USA),
introduced his organization, which was formed
in 2014 and organized by a coalition of major
companies from around the world. Its goals are
to reduce GHG emissions in the processing,
transportation, storage and retail display of cold
food, to stimulate demand for energy-efficient,
low-global warming potential (GWP) technology,
and to work with the UNEP’s Climate and Clean
Air Coalition to advance broad-based public and
private sector collaborative solutions to reduce
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions in the food
cold chain.
“While the initial focus was on reducing HFC
emissions,” Fay said, “the whole issue of food
waste jumped out at us because of the potential
impact on GHG reductions.” This transformed one
of the organization’s goals into a drive to create
a sustainable food cold chain, with emphasis on
connecting the dots for policymakers between food
waste, food loss and equipment enhancement.
“There is an enormous amount of work that goes on
every day around food loss and waste,” Fay said,
“but it’s disconnected from the policy process.”
The Global Food Cold Chain Council is driving
policy change by investing in research that builds
knowledge, strengthening connections between
industry and policymakers, and building capacity
and standards across regions and countries. “We
have to bring together technology and opportunity
in a way that policymakers understand,” Fay added,
“that will give the industry access to opportunities
and funding.”
The final speakers on the panel were Mark Mitchell,
Managing Director, SuperCool Asia Pacific
(Australia), and Steven Finn, Co-founder and
Managing Director, ResponsEcology (USA), who
presented a concept called FoodPort, envisioned as
a centralized solution to process food and send it to
an appropriate destination. “FoodPort is a place to
optimize food resources,” Mitchell said, and
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13UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
is based on the premise that sometimes food is
wasted because “it has nowhere to go.”
“We know there is a need for such facilities around
the world, especially in the developing world,” Finn
said. The idea requires investment, commitment
and collaboration—likely with public-private
partnerships. “No one stakeholder can make it
happen,” Finn added. The two founders are now
exploring partnerships for a feasibility study to prove
out the project. “By restoring the value of food and
providing a place to process it,” Mitchell said,
“we can reduce waste.”
Panel 2—The Cold Rush: Cold Chain Financing
The final panel of the third Cold Chain Summit was
hosted by Eric Schultz, co-author of Food Foolish
and former CEO of Sensitech. He introduced the
first speaker, Nitin Puri, Senior President & Country
Head—FASAR (Food & Agribusiness Strategic
Advisory & Research) at YES Bank.
Puri provided the audience with a perspective
on cold chain investment in India, which totals
$3 billion annually and is growing at 16-17 percent.
He echoed earlier presenters in reminding the
audience that India’s cold chain was incomplete,
weighted much more heavily toward cold storage
than cold transit, but could be a “huge enabler.”
Consumers in India are becoming more discerning,
seeking greater convenience and safety in food.
Among other market drivers, Puri said, the cold chain
is now included under the umbrella of agriculture
as a priority sector investment by Indian banks.
“Technology and infrastructure are also improving,”
he said, “and lenders are increasingly willing to make
loans based on cash flow returns. Solutions are
also becoming more contextualized,” Puri added,
while co-ops are growing in size and capability, and
public-private partnerships are also being seen more
favorably. “The end-to-end cold chain phenomenon
is finally shaping up in India,” Puri said.
The panel’s second speaker, Brad Johnson,
President, Resource Mobilization Advisors (USA) and
Active Private Sector Observer to the Green Climate
Fund Board of Directors, observed that of the 161
“Nationally Determined Contributions” submitted by
governments under the Paris Agreement, 80 percent
mention agriculture. This is because agriculture
projects can include food security, expanded
production, reduced use of resources and land use
management. By combining climate mitigation
and adaptation measures, Johnson said, “these
agriculture projects—and specifically cold chain
projects—can have more benefits than renewable
energy projects.”
The Green Climate Fund is the largest and most
recent multi-donor fund to finance climate change
projects, and is expected to raise $100 billion by
2020. The fund has already approved a limited
number of projects, which must be host-country
driven. Success in accessing the fund is driven by
the ability to leverage private financing, sustainability
and affordability. Johnson highlighted projects
in Namibia, Morocco, Madagascar and Ecuador
designed to adopt climate-resilient agriculture,
reduce deforestation, and improve agricultural and
livestock production practices.
Closing Remarks
Mandyck closed the third World Cold Chain Summit
by recapping the keynotes and panels, and thanking
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14UTC Climate, Controls & SecurityWorld Cold Chain Summit Meeting Review
participants. “I am grateful for the opportunity to
learn from each of you,” he said. Mandyck reminded
the audience that the cold chain has been serving
society for 140 years, and—based on what had been
demonstrated at the Summit—participants might
begin to shift their perspective from thinking “40
percent food loss and waste” to “100 percent
loss of the nutritious food we’re not capable
of handling.” He concluded by emphasizing the
following points:
1. “Our sole purpose at the first three World Cold
Chain Summits has been to initiate a new global
dialogue to change the paradigm on food:
We need to waste less so we can feed more
people while providing tremendous benefits
to the natural world.”
2. The participants to the Summit are moving
from “why” to “how.” “In a natural evolution,”
Mandyck said, “we began by asking why we lost
and wasted food, and now we’re asking how we
can change the paradigm, and taking action
to do so.”
3. “Last year,” Mandyck added, “we declared that
the Age of Food Efficiency had begun. The
industry can continue to draw important
lessons from the energy efficiency
movement, which found ways to take the
same supply and more effectively spread it
across growing demand.”
And finally, Mandyck asked Summit delegates to
think of food loss and waste not as a problem, but
as an enormous opportunity. “Where else can we
immediately create a new source of food that
can feed 4 billion people? Where else can we
find reductions in carbon equivalent to emissions
from all the cars and trucks driven each year?
Where else can we save enough water to
serve the annual needs of the entire continent
of Africa? It’s hiding in plain sight,” Mandyck
concluded. “This is an opportunity that can be
unlocked by everyone in this room. It truly is the
opportunity for how we can sustainably feed
the planet.”