Meeren et al The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2002, 22(4):

VPM VPL

18.4

8.8

29.3

3.1

9.9

Hindpaw

UpperLip Nose

“FOCUS”

SmIThalamus

B. whole seizure

4.9

A. first 500 msec

VPM

2.9

8.1

11.7

30.0

4.3

6.1

VPL

UpperLipNose

“FOCUS”

SmIThalamus

Hindpaw

20-30

40-5030-4070-80 50-60

60-70Association (%)

Evolution of absence seizures: a summary

Meeren, Pijn, van Luijtelaar, Coenen and Lopes da Silva, J. Neurosci 2002,22:1480-95

Cortico-Cortical. Intra-Thalamic and Cortico-Thalamic relations

Focus does not mean a “point source”, just that the local neuronal population has a lower threshold for initiating seizures.

During the seizures it becomes just a part of the oscillating network..

The oscillations constitute an emergent property of the whole system.

Effect of systemic and intracortical administration of phenytoin in two genetic models of absence epilepsyAyten A Gurbanova,1 Rezzan Aker,1 Kemal Berkman,1 Filiz Yilmaz Onat,1 Clementana M van Rijn,2 and Gilles van Luijtelaar2*

Br J Pharmacol. 2006 August; 148(8): 1076–1082.

4th International Workshop on Seizure Prediction

Kansas City, Missouri – June 4 -7, 2009

Ictogenesis: Focus or Network?

Center of NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences

University of Amsterdam

Fernando Lopes da Silva

Cortical Focus Drives Widespread Corticothalamic Networksduring Spontaneous Absence Seizures in RatsH. K. M. Meeren, J. P. M. Pijn†, E. L. J. M. Van Luijtelaar, A. M. L. Coenen, and F. H. Lopes da Silva, The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2002

Ayten A Gurbanova, Rezzan Aker, Kemal Berkman, Filiz Yilmaz Onat, Clementana M van Rijn, and Gilles van Luijtelaar. Effect of systemic and intracortical administration of phenytoin in two genetic models of absence epilepsy. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 August; 148(8): 1076–1082.