Meditation

• Method used to try and narrow their awareness of the stress of the outside world

• In the old days, people gazed upon a lamp or stare at a pattern

• Now…more contemporary

• Goal is to focus on a peaceful, relaxing pattern

• Helps achieve “oneness” with the universe

• Shown to lower BP, heart rate, respiration rate

Biofeedback

• System that provided information about something that is happening in the body

• People learn how to control bodily functions

• Certain machines can help people control bodies

• Only use when supervised!!!

Hypnosis

• What is it?

• Altered state of consciousness during which people respond to suggestions and behave as though they are in a trance

Hypnosis

• How is it achieved??

• Focus on something specific

• People can only be hypnotized if they believe in the process

Hypnosis

• How can we explain hypnosis?

• Freud

• We enjoy being taken back to a child-like state

• We like to be told what to do

• Role Theory

• We become engrossed in playing a part

– Something that is out of our character

Hypnosis

• How is hypnosis used in Psychology??

• Memory

– Used to jog memories

• Ex. Witnesses to crime

• Deemed useless in court

• People often do not remember being hypnotized

Hypnosis

• Hypnosis and Pain Prevention

• Dentists and surgeons use to calm patients

Hypnosis

Quitting Habits

-Suggest things during hypnosis

-Usually associate something repulsive or disgusting with the unwanted habit

DRUGS & CONSCIOUSNESSDRUGS & CONSCIOUSNESS

Altered States of ConsciousnessAltered States of Consciousness

DRUG or SUBSTANCE USEDRUG or SUBSTANCE USE can cause…can cause…

• Stimulation or a distortion of consciousness

• Distorted perception(s)

• Change in moods

• Etc.

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

• Pattern of use that diminishes ability to fulfill responsibilities & meet the demands of life

DEPRESSANTS• ALCOHOL

• In small doses… relaxing• In large doses… puts a person to sleep

• Often slurs speech, blurs vision, and you may become clumsy

• Leaves you unable to focus on behavior

DEPRESSANTS

• Narcotics• Addictive depressants used to relieve pain

• Ex.• Morphine (Originally used during Civil War)

• Heroine (Used to cure morphine addiction)

• Codeine (derived from the Poppy Seed)

STIMULANTS

• INCREASE ACTIVITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

STIMULANTS• NICOTINE

• Most commonly used stimulant

• Can cause adrenaline rush

• You become attentive and alert

• Negative health impact

STIMULANTS

• Amphetamines• Help people stay awake

• Effects– Experience hallucinations and delusions

– HIGHLY ADDICTIVE AND DANGEROUS

STIMULANTS

• Cocaine

• Raises Blood Pressure, decreases supply of oxygen to the heart

DRUG TYPESDRUG TYPES

• Hallucinogens

• Distort visual & auditory perceptions

• Types• LSD – “acid”• PCP – “angel

dust”• Marijuana• Hash

HALLUCINOGINS

INCREASE HEART RATE

Can cause anxiety and confusion

Treatments

• Detoxification (A.k.a Detox)• Various attempts to get a substance out of your

system to allow normal functioning

• Maintenance Programs• Used for narcotics

• Subjects given controlled amounts of drug

• Controversial

Treatments

• Counseling• Individual or group

• Used for stimulant and depressant addiction

• Support Groups• Share experiences for emotional and moral

support• Ex. AA