medievalandmodernphilosophy.docx
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Medieval Philosophy The term medieval refers to the Middle Ages, the time in European history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance, from about 500 A.D. to about 1350. Medieval philosophy is theocentric in its character. During the decline of Greco-Roman civilization, Western philosophers turned their attention from the scientific investigation of nature and the search for happiness in this world, to the problem of salvation and life in another, better world. The torch of civilization in Western Europe was carried mainly by the Christian Church, where thought were conducted under the context of Christian doctrines. By the 3 rd century AD, Christianity had spread throughout the Roman Empire. The religious teachings of the Gospels were combined by the Fathers of the Church with many of the philosophical concepts of the Greeks and Roman schools. The tendency of the philosophers during this period was to seek orthodoxy as well as truth. Nearly all medieval thinkers—Jewish, Christian, and Muslim—were determined to merge or synthesize philosophy with religion. Islamic civilization performed the function of preserving the culture of classical antiquity, particularly the philosophy of Aristotle . Their thoughts were more imposing than informative due to the prevalence and dominance of paganism and barbarianism. Much of what we now regard as Christian doctrine had its origin in Greek and Hellenistic philosophy. Prominent Philosophers of the Medieval Period St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas St. Bonaventure St. Anselm Averroes Avicenna Modern Philosophy Modern philosophy is characteristically anthropocentric. Renaissance and Reformation The Renaissance was a literary and cultural movement that spread through Western Europe in the 14 th and 15 th centuries; it represents a transitional period from medieval synthesis to modern analysis. The 15 th and 16 th centuries were periods of radical social, political, and intellectual developments. The exploration of the world; the Reformation, with its emphasis on individual faith; the rise of commercial urban society; and the dramatic appearance of new ideas in all areas of culture stimulated the development of a new philosophical world view. By the end of the 15 th century, the authority of medieval scholasticism—which utilized Neoplatonic and Aristotelian philosophy to support Christian theology—began to erode as many thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ excessive reliance on authority of earlier scholars and theologians.
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Transcript of medievalandmodernphilosophy.docx
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Medieval Philosophy
The term medieval refers to the Middle Ages, the time in European history between classical antiquity and the Italian
Renaissance, from about 500 A.D. to about 1350.
Medieval philosophy is theocentric in its character. During the decline of Greco-Roman civilization, Western philosophers turned their attention from the scientific
investigation of nature and the search for happiness in this world, to the problem of salvation and life inanother, better world.
The torch of civilization in Western Europe was carried mainly by the Christian Church, where thought wereconducted under the context of Christian doctrines.
By the 3 rd century AD, Christianity had spread throughout the Roman Empire. The religious teachings of theGospels were combined by the Fathers of the Church with many of the philosophical concepts of the Greeks andRoman schools.
The tendency of the philosophers during this period was to seek orthodoxy as well as truth. Nearly all medievalthinkers —Jewish, Christian, and Muslim —were determined to merge or synthesize philosophy with religion.
Islamic civilization performed the function of preserving the culture of classical antiquity, particularly thephilosophy of Aristotle.
Their thoughts were more imposing than informative due to the prevalence and dominance of paganism andbarbarianism.
Much of what we now regard as Christian doctrine had its origin in Greek and Hellenistic philosophy.
Prominent Philosophers of the Medieval Period
St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas St. Bonaventure St. Anselm
Averroes Avicenna
Modern Philosophy
Modern philosophy is characteristically anthropocentric.
Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance was a literary and cultural movement that spread through Western Europe in the 14 th and 15 th centuries; it represents a transitional period from medieval synthesis to modern analysis.
The 15 th and 16 th centuries were periods of radical social, political, and intellectual developments. Theexploration of the world; the Reformation, with its emphasis on individual faith; the rise of commercial urbansociety; and the dramatic appearance of new ideas in all areas of culture stimulated the development of a newphilosophical world view.
By the end of the 15 th century, the authority of medieval scholasticism —which utilized Neoplatonic andAristotelian philosophy to support Christian theology —began to erode as many thinkers began to reject thescholastics’ excessive reliance on authority of earlier scholars and theologians.
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Prominent Philosophers of the Modern Period
Rene Descartes Thomas Hobbes John Locke David Hume Immanuel Kant
Jeremy Bentham Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Arthur Schopenhauer John Stuart Mill Soren Kierkegaard Friedrich Nietzsche Karl Marx
