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Medieval Churches & CathedralsBy Wesley Warner and Olivia

Leroux

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Evolution of the Medieval

CathedralThe time in which the cathedrals were built was a very uncertain time. Lifeexpectancy was short, food was scarce, population was low, and finances werelacking. Builders had to build on a huge scale without access to time savingtools that we have today, like cranes and hoists. To build a cathedral, stonecarvers, carpenters, a master mason, an architect, a master stone cutter,

laborers, a stone dresser, a black smith, plumbers, a roofer, mortar makers, aglazier or glass maker, a stained glass craftsman, and sculptors were needed.

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Cross-in-Square 537 A.D.

This church, in 537 A.D. of

the medieval times, is built

in thecross-in-squarestyle which was made

famous from the Hagia

Sophia (Holy WisdomChurch in

Constantinople. This

church became thecapital of the Byzantineempire. This was a major

breakthrough in OrthodoxChristian Church

architecture.

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Stability and Peace, 1000 A.D.

In 1000 A.D., throughout

times of turmoil, a churchwas a unit of stability and

peace. Monasteries hadinfluenced land

developments and theRomanesque and Gothic

architecture styles weredeveloped and greatly

focused upon.

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Styles of Architecture

During the Medieval Times,

there were two maintypes of architecture.These two styles werethe basic architecture ofm o s t m e d i e v a lcathedrals. These stylescons i s ted of GothicA r c h i t e c t u r e a n dR o m a n e s q u e S ty l eA r c h i t e c t u r e

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Romanesque Architecture

Descending from Roman

customs, RomanesqueArchitecture is a cathedral

style architecture made upof semi-circular, pointed

arches. With high qualitythick walls, sturdy piers,

large towers, groin vaultsand decorative arcading,

this Romanesque stylebecame very popular for

all cathedral architectureduring the Medieval Ages.

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Gothic Architecture

Gothic architecture is a namethat evolved along with theMedieval era. First know as"the French style," this type ofarchitecture evolved fromRomanesque styleconstruction and was giventhe name "gothic" during theconclusion of theRenaissance. With a great

range of designs, gothicarchitecture was applied toseveral cathedrals, parishchurches, abbeys, palaces,castles and manymore famous structures ofEurope.

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Parts of the Gothic Cathedral

1 & 2. North &South Tower

3. Western faade

4. Narthex

5. Nave

6. Aisles

7. Crossing

8 & 9. North &South Transept

10. Choir

11. Apse

12. Ambulatory

13. Chapels

14. Flying

Buttresses

15. Rose

Window

16. Spire

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Characteristics of Gothic Cathedrals

Flying Buttress Ribbed Vault Pointed Arch

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Materials Used in Gothic Cathedrals

Limestone

Red Sandstone

Purbeck Rock

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CITES