Medicinal Plants Ppt
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Transcript of Medicinal Plants Ppt
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Medicinal Plants
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Ancient archaeological records of
medicinal plants
3500 BCE - India had an extensive pharmacopoeia.Much of that knowledge is still used as part of theAyurveda medical system
2250 BCEEgypt and Babylon were trading
medicinal plants900 BCE - Archaeological records demonstrate the
use of medicinal and psychoactive plants in theNew World
330 BCE - One of the Theophrastuss students,Alexander the Great, sent medicinal plants fromAsia back to Greece for cultivation
2000 YA - The first written Chinese recordsalthough use is probably as ancient as Indias
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Use of Medicinal Plants
Use of medicinal plants developed from
informal experimentation and based on a
general familiarity with medicinal plants.This knowledge was amassed via
experimentation over many generations and
was handed down orally from person topersonoften woman to woman in
traditional cultures.
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History of Herbals
Dioscorides, in the 1st Century AD, was a Greekphysician who described the medicinal properties
of plants - he described the use of 500 species of
plants in his bookDe Materia Medica
The first herbal written in the Anglo-Saxon worldwas an 11th Century book known as the
Herbarium of Apuleius Platonicus
The first herbal to break from Dioscorides andprint descriptions of local flora, with accurate
drawings of the plants was by Leonhart Fuchs, his
extremely well illustrated herbalDe Historia
Stirpium was published in 1543
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English Herbals
The earliest printed English herbal was anonymous volume
from 1525 published by Richard Banckes
In 1526, Peter Treversi published an English translation of
a French herbal
In 1538, William Turner published an herbal entitled
Libelluls de re Herbaria Novus
In 1551, Henry F. Lyte published an English translation of
Rembert Dodoens herbal Stirpium Historiae Pemptades
Sex which was valued because of its all inclusive treatment
of many plants and excellent plates illustrating flowers
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Best English Herbals
In 1597, John Gerard published his outstandingbookThe Herball, Or Generall Historie of Plantes
- it is a huge volume of 1392 pages and 2200
woodcut illustrations of plants - it was widely used
by physicians and became widely quoted andreferenced - the book has remained in print for
400 years
The last major herbal published in English wasJohn Rays herbal, published in 1688 - it is also a
major taxonomic work and Ray was the first
person to divide the flowering plants into two
main groups - the dicots and monocots
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Urgent need to study medicinal plants
The utility of plants in current therapy
There has been a rush to develop synthetic
medicines based on plant medicines, but
often the synthetic medicines dont work
as well as the original plant medicines.
For examplequinine and malaria
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Properties of Quinine
Quinine itself is an odorless white powder with an
extremely bitter taste
It can be used to treat cardiac arrhythmias as wellas malaria - it is also used as a flavoring agent
Quinine prevents malaria by suppressing
reproduction of thePlasmodium protozoan and
also helps prevent some of the fevers and pain
associated with malaria
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Medicines from Plants
About 25% of the prescription drugs used in the
western world have active ingredients that are
derived from plantsoften the only way toacquire these drugs is through growing and
harvesting the plants because synthetic substitutes
are not as effective.
89 plant derived drugs that are currently used inwestern medicine as prescription medicines were
discovered by studying folk knowledge of the
plants properties
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Medicinal Plants in
the Amazonian Basin
3 million square miles in size, supports theworlds largest rainforest with an estimated80,000 species of plants, about 15% of the
worlds species The northwest section of the Colombian
Amazon is home to 70,000 Indians in 50
ethnic groups that speak many languagesfrom 12 linguistic families. They have beenrecorded to use medicines made fromalmost 1600 plants from 596 genera in 145
families