Medicinal Plants New
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Transcript of Medicinal Plants New
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Introduction
Out of the total 4, 22, 000 flowering plants reported from the
world more than 50,000 are used for medicinal purposes .In
India, more than 43% of the total flowering plants are reportedto be of medicinal importance . Utilization of plants for medicinal
purposes in India has been documented long back in ancient
literature However, organized studies in this direction were
initiated in 1956 and off late such studies are gaining
recognition and popularity due to loss of traditional knowledge
and declining plant population.
Right from its beginning, the documentation of traditional
knowledge especially on the medicinal uses of plants, has
provided many important drugs of modern day .Even today this
area holds much more hidden treasure as almost 80% of the
human population in developing countries is dependant on plant
resources for healthcare. In the interior areas of western
Himalaya plants become the only source of medicine and wellbeing. However, information on the uses of plants as traditional
medicines has not been documented from various interior areas
of western Himalaya such as Chhota Bhangal. Due to its
remoteness and lack of modern health facilities dependence on
plants for medicine is very high. Ironically, information on the
uses of plants for medicine from this area is completely lacking.
At the same time, the area is undergoing rapid transformationsdue to its recognition as an ideal paragliding site and is
therefore becoming more market oriented. This can be seen in
the changed cropping patterns of the local people. The role of
market economy in depletion of traditional knowledge has been
well documented in many parts of Himalaya . Thus many
important leads to drug discovery may be lost in absence of
proper documentation.
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Keeping this in view, the present study was initiated, with an
aim to identify knowledgeable resource persons and document
their knowledge of on the utilization of medicinal plants in
Chhota Bhangal area of western Himalaya.
NAME : Aegle marmelos
BOTANICAL NAME : Aegle marmelos Linn. Corr.
FAMILY : Rutaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Vilva, Maloorah, Sreephala,
Sadaphala,
Sailoosha
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa : Kashaya, Tikta
Guna : Lakhu, Rooksha
Virya : Ushna
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
Medium sized thorny deciduous tree grows up to 10 m in
height.
Leaves are trifoliate, aromatic, and alternate.
Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate.
Lateral leaflets are sub sessile and terminal long petioled.
Flowers are greenish white, found in axillary panicles.
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Fruits are globose woody berry with yellow pulp.
Seeds are numerous, oblong and embedded in pulp.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, body pain, poison,
diarrhoea, dysentery, vomiting, and intermittent fever.
Pulp of unripe fruit is constipating whereas that of ripened
fruit is laxative.
Leaves cure diabetes, cough, inflammation and asthma.
USEFUL PART : Leaves, Root, Fruits
NAME : Aloe vera
BOTANICAL NAME : Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm.
(Aloe barbadensis Mill)
FAMILY : Liliaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Kumari, Grithakumari,
Grihakanya
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Tikta, Madhura
Guna: Guru, Snigdha
Virya: Seeta
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PLANT DESCRIPTION :
A perennial shrub grows with fleshy leaves and short stem.
Leaves are fleshy, sessile, with prickles on margins.
Flowers are in long spikes, fruits capsules, often sterile.
Reproduction is by budding.
Leave juice dried in air is called elio.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated vata, pitta, amenorrhoea, wounds,
ulcers, burns, colic, hepatitis, skin diseases, constipation,
tumor, malignancy, low back pain, edema, arthritis and
general debility.
USEFUL PART : Leaves juice.
NAME : Azadirachta indica
BOTANICAL NAME : Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
FAMILY : Meliaceae
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SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Nimba, Arista,
Hinguniryasa, Manda, Tiktaka
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Tikta
Guna: Lakhu, Snigdha
Virya: Ushna
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
A moderate to large sized tree grows up to 30 m in height.
Leaves are imparipinnately compound, leaflets opposite,
serrate and acuminate.
Flowers are yellowish white, found in axillary panicles.
Fruits are elliptical one seeded drupes yellowish when ripe.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, skin diseases, eczema, fever,
wound, ulcer, burning sensation, tumor, worms, cough,
diabetes, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
USEFUL PART : Bark, Leaves, Flowers,
Seed, Oil.
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NAME : Catharanthus roseus
BOTANICAL NAME : Catharanthus roseus (Linn.)
G.Don
FAMILY : Apocynaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS :Nityakalyani.
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Tikta
Guna: Lakhu, Rooksha
Virya: Ushna
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
An erect annual herb grows up to a height of 1 m in height.
Leaves are deep green oblong, flowers in cymose, axillary
clusters, deep rose or white in colour.
Fruits are cylindrical follicle.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, kapha, diabetes, hypertension,
leukemia and malignancy.
The root is stomachic and tonic.
USEFUL PART : Whole plant
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NAME : Clitoria ternatea (Blue variety)
BOTANICAL NAME : Clitoria ternatea Linn (Blue
variety)
FAMILY : Fabaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Sankapushpam, Aparajita,
Girikarnika.
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Tikta
Guna: Lakhu, Rooksha
Virya: Ushna
Prabhava: Medhya
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
Leaves are compound, imparipinnate, leaflets 5 7, sub
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Flowers are blue, solitary,
axillary or in facicles.
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Fruits are nearly straight flattened pods.
Seeds are 6-10 smooth yellowish brown.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, migraine, skin diseases,
bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, ascites, ulcers and fever,
jaundice and skin diseases.
Seeds are used in abdominal cramps and promote intellect.
USEFUL PART : Root, leaves, seeds.
NAME : Datura
stramonium
BOTANICAL NAME : Datura stramonium
Linn.
FAMILY : Solanaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Dhattura, Dusthara,
Unmatta, Durdhura
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AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Tikta, Katu
Guna: Lakhu, Rooksha,
Vyavayi, Vikashi
Virya: Ushna
Vipaka: Katu
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
An erect spreading annual or biennial plant grows up to 2 m in
height.
Leaves are simple, alternate, triangular and unequal at base.
Flowers are large, solitary and white.
Fruits are globular capsules covered with numerous prickles,
containing numerous yellowish brown seeds.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha, arthritis, cough, asthma,
muscle spasm, fever, ulcer, skin diseases, lumbago, sciatica
and dandruff.
USEFUL PART : Whole plant
NAME : Mentha piperita
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BOTANICAL NAME : Mentha piperita Linn
FAMILY : Lamiaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Pootiha, Pudina,
Rochani
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Katu,
Guna: Lakhu, Rooksha,
Teekshna
Virya: Ushna
PLANT DESCRIPTION :Aromatic annual herb grows up to 60 cm.
Leaves are simple, opposite and ovate or lanceolate.
Flowers are lilac coloured seen in axillary whorls.
Fruits are nutlets.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, amenorrhoea,
dysmenorrhoea, dental caries, jaundice and urinary retention.
USEFUL PART : Leaves
NAME : Mimosa pudica
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BOTANICAL NAME : Mimosa pudica Linn.
FAMILY : Mimosaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Lajjalu, Samanga,
Raktapadi, Namaskari,
Kharatvak, Sankochani
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa: Kashaya, Tikta
Guna: Lakhu, Rooksha
Virya: Seeta
PLANT DESCRIPTION :A diffuse under shrub grows up to 60 cm in height.
Leaves are bipinnately compound, pinnate 2-4 digitally
arranged with 20-30 pairs of leaflets and touch sensitive.
Flowers are pink in round heads.
Fruits are bristly pods, flat, consisting 3-5 one seeded
segments.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, kapha, oedema, allergy, bronchial
asthma, haemorrhoid, ulcer, jaundice, arthritis and fever.
USEFUL PART : Whole plant.
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NAME : Ocimum sanctum
BOTANICAL NAME : Ocimum sanctum Linn
(Black variety)
FAMILY : Lamiaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Tulasi, Surasa, Svetatulasi.
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa : Kashaya,
Tikta
Guna : Lakhu,
Rooksha
Virya : Ushna
PLANT DESCRIPTION :
An erect much branched under shrub, grows up to 1 m in
height.
Leaves are pale dark brown in colour, simple, opposite,
elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute, serrate, entire, pubescent on
both sides.
Petiole is slender and hairy.
Flowers are purplish in elongate recemes.
Fruits are nutlets, smooth, not mucilaginous when wet.
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MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated tridoshas, cough, asthma, bronchitis,
fever, toxins, vomiting, lumbago, gastric distension, genito-
urinary diseases, ringworm and skin diseases.
USEFUL PART : Whole plant.
NAME : Taivetia neerifolia
BOTANICAL NAME : Taivetia neerifolia Juss
FAMILY : Apocynaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS : Karaveera,
Peetakaraveera, Asvaghna,
Asvamaraka, HayamarakaAYURVEDIC PROPERTIES : Rasa : Katu, Tikta,
Kashaya
Guna : Lakhu,
Rooksha, Teekshna
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka: Katu
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PLANT DESCRIPTION :
An evergreen shrub grows up to 7-10 m in height.
Leaves are three in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute, and
yellowish green.
Flowers pale yellow colored and fragrant;
Fruits are globular and 4 chambered.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES :
Plant pacifies vitiated vata, skin diseases, arthritis, pruritus,
and ulcers for external use. Internal use will cause toxic
symptoms.
USEFUL PART : Roots, Leaves
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the study that Bhangalis inherit a
rich traditional knowledge and documentation of this
knowledge has provided novel information from the area.
They still depend on the plants for medicinal purposes and are
very much concerned about their degradation in wild as they
now have to travel even more far to collect these plants. The
incoming of roads and coming up of the area as an important
tourist destination has allured the younger generation towards
market economy, this certainly will have larger implications.
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Thus, the present documentation of traditional knowledge
from an area where novel information has been generated will
not only provide recognition to this knowledge but will also
help in its conservation vis--vis providing pharmacological
leads for the betterment of human society.
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