Medicinal Plants in China 1997 - WHO

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Table of Contentspage

PREFACE ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi

INTRODUCTION xiii

NOTICE xvii

MEDICINAL PLANTS 1

1.Achyranthes bidentataBlume 3

2. Aconitum kusnezoffiiReichenbach 5

3. Acorus gramineusSolander 7

4. AdenophorastrictaMiquel 9

5. Agastache rugosa(Fischer et Meyer) O. Kuntze 11

6.Agrimonia pilosaLedebour 137. Ailanthus altissima(Miller) Swingle 15

8. Albizia julibrissinDurazzini 17

9. Alisma orientalis(Samuelsson) Juzepczuk 19

10. Alpinia officinarumHance 21

11.Alpinia oxyphyllaMiquel 23

A k h Pi G i
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iv CONTENTS

31. Carthamus tinctoriusL. 63

32. Cassia toraL. 65

33. Celosia argenteaL. 67

34. Celosia cristataL. 69

35. Cephalonoplos segetum(Bunge) Kitamura 71

36. Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai 73

37.Chrysanthemum morifoliumRamatuelle 75

38. CimicifugafoetidaL. 7739. Cinnamomum cassiaBlume 79

40. Citrus reticulataBlanco 81

41. Clematis hexapetalaPallas 83

42. Codonopsis pilosula(Franchet) Nannfeldt 85

43. Coix lacryma-jobiL. var. ma-yuen(Romanet) Stapf 87

44. Coptis chinensisFranchet 89

45. Cornus officinalisSiebold et Zuccarini 91

46. Corydalis yanhusuoW. T. Wang 93

47. Croton tigliumL. 95

48. Curcuma longaL. 97

49 C sc ta chinensis Lamarck 99
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CONTENTS v

69. Gastrodia elataBlume 139

70. Glehnia littoralisFr. Schmidt ex Miquel 141

71. Glycyrmiza uralensisFischer ex De Candolle 143

72. Hemerocallis fulvaL. 145

73. Hyoscyamus nigerL. 147

74. Impatiens balsaminaL. 149

75.Leonurus japonicusHouttuyn 151

76. Lepidium apetalumWilldenow 15377. Ligusticum chuanxiongHortorum 155

78.Ligustrum lucidumAiton 157

79.Lindera strychnifolia(Siebold et Zuccarini) Villars 159

80.Liquidambar formosanaHance 161

81. Lobelia chinensisLoureiro 163

82. Lonicera japonicaThunberg 165

83. Lophatherum gracileBrongniart 167

84. Lycium barbarumL. 169

85. Lycopus lucidusTurczaninow 171

86. Lygodium japonicum(Thunberg) Sweet 173

87 M li d d t D 175
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vi CONTENTS

107. Plantago depressaWilldenow 215

108.Platycladus orientalis(L.) Franco 217

109. Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacquin) De Candolle 219

110. Pogostemon cablin(Blanco) Bentham 221

111. Polygonatum kingianumCollett et Hemsley 223

112. Polygonatum odoratum(Miller) Druce 225

113. Polygonum bistortaL. 227

114. Polygonum multi florumThunberg 229115. Prunella vulgarisL. 231

116. Prunus armeniacaL. 233

117. Prunus persica(L.) Batsch 235

118. Psoralea corylifoliaL. 237

119. Pueraria lobata(Willdenow) Ohwi 239

120. Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Regel 241

121. Punica granatumL. 243

122.Quisqualis indicaL. 245

123. Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertner) Liboschitz f.

hueichingensis(Chao et Schih) Hisao 247

124. Ricinus communisL. 249
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CONTENTS vii

145. Viola yedoensisMakino 291

146.Vitex negundoL. 293

147.Xanthium sibiricumPatrin 295

148. Zingiber officinale(Willdenow) Roscoe 297

149.Ziziphus jujubaMiller 299

150. Ziziphus spinosaHu 301

INDEXESBotanical names 305

English names 311

Chinese names 319

Han characters 325


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Preface

Herbal medicine is one of the important resources whichcan be mobilized for the attainment of WHO's goal of health forall by the year 2000. It has contributed significantly to man's

struggle against disease and has been an importantcomponent of health care systems for thousands of years.

China has a long history of herbal medicine and hasdeveloped a unique system for using it. It is noteworthy that theuse of many plants has withstood the test of time, and thesafety and efficacy of some of them have been established bymeans of modem tests in a scientific framework.

There are a number of domestic publications on medicinalplants in China, but few are available in English. Some of these

plants can also be found in other parts of the world, thus theknowledge about them accumulated in China could usefully betransferred. To this end, the WHO Regional Office for theWestern Pacific, together with the Institute of Chinese MateriaMedica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,started the project of this publication in 1985.

There are about 7000 species of medicinal plants in Chinaand 150 of those most commonly used were selected,photographed and documented.

It is hoped that the booklet will contribute to the exchange ofinformation throughout the world and especially to the health ofpeople living outside China in places where the same plantscan be found.

S. T. Han, MD, Ph.D.Regional Director


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Acknowledgements

Sponsored and organized by the State Administration forTraditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, this work wascompiled by Dr Xie Zongwan, Dr Zhao Zhongzhen, and Ms

Huang Yiping.

The photographs were taken by Mr Cui Haiming and MsZhang Muqun of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, ChinaAcademy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing.

Financial support for the publication was provided from theUnited Nations Development Programme (Project RAS/81/021)and the Japan Shipbuilding Industry Foundation, through theRegional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health

Organization as the executing agency.


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Introduction

Throughout the world today, especially in the developingcountries, people recognize the value of medicinal plants in treatingand preventing common diseases. There are four main reasons forthis widespread acceptance:

1. Medicinal plants have been in use for untold centuries andhave proved reliable and effective in treating and preventingdisease.

2. Most species of medicinal plants are not toxic and thereforegive rise to few, if any, side-effects; even when some adverseeffects do occur, they are much less serious than those caused bychemically synthesized medicines.

3. People living in rural and mountainous areas have easyaccess to local medicinal plants, so that their use in preventing andcontrolling disease costs much less than if Western medicine wereused and is thus economically beneficial to developing countries.

4. Medicinal plants are an important source of practical andinexpensive new drugs for people throughout the world.

According to preliminary investigations, there are over 7000species of medicinal plants in China. Furthermore, China is famousfor its unique system of traditional medicine, and medicinal plantsare an important means of treating and preventing diseasethroughout the country. The theories that govern the prescription ofmedicinal plants are taken from traditional Chinese pharmacology,itself based on long centuries of clinical observation and practice.

This publication presents the 150 species of medicinal plantsmost commonly used in China.

Its purpose is to help the reader to recognize these essentialspecies and use them on the basis of the explanatory text andillustrations.


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xiv INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION xv

Habitat: This describes the kinds of places in which the plantgrows, to assist in its collection.

Distribution: The countries or continents in which the plant isendemic or has been naturalized are listed here.

Indications: Each indication reflects the long-standing practice ofChinese traditional doctors. Some of the syndromes and clinicalsigns are described in traditional Chinese medical terms.

Dosage: This refers to the dried material used. For freshmaterials special indications are given. Unless otherwise stated, thedose is administered as a decoction.

Notes are given wherever needed. Plants of the same familywhich are effective alternatives are specially noted. The notes alsomention any contraindications or incompatibilities.

For quality standards, reference should be made to thePharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

Storage: Medicinal plants should be dried immediately aftercollecting, cleaning and processing, except under specialcircumstances, to prevent them from rotting or becoming mildewed.After drying, plants should be kept under conditions of appropriatehumidity, light and ventilation. Care to prevent contamination bymicroorganisms is also of very great importance. The processedmedicinal plants should be stored in a cool, dry place, protected fromlight.

Additional indexes are provided for Botanical names, Englishnames, names in Chinese phonetic alphabet (Pinyin) and Chinese(Ran) characters.

The photographs were taken between 1984 and 1986 in themountain areas of Beijing, Guangxi, Guangdong, Rainan, Sichuan,Rubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region,Qinghai, Shanxi, Gansu, etc. The pictures were taken under naturalconditions during the flowering or fruiting season, so that the usefulparts of the plants can be distinguished and collected at the

appropriate time and plants can be identified for pharmacognosticstudies. The species were identified by the authors of this work andthe specimens are now kept in the Specimens Room, Institute ofChinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Beijing.

The medicinal plants appearing in this work are indexed in thealphabetical order of their botanical species names.

Explanations are given for each species in the following order:botanical name (with common synonyms); Chinese name; English

name; parts used; description; habitat; distribution; indications;dosage.

The botanical name of the species concerned and of the plantfamily to which it belongs are given in the form of the Latin binomial,with a further indication of the variety where appropriate and ofcommon synonyms.

The Chinese name is given in the Chinese phonetic alphabet(Pinyin) and indicates the name of the crude drug. It is followed bythe name in Chinese (Ran) characters. Simplified characters aregiven in parenthesis.

The English name refers to the common English name(s).

Part(s) used: The part(s) used of the plant, such as rhizome (rootstock), root, stem, wood, leaf, flower, fruit, seed or the whole plant.

Description: This describes the plant's appearance and the crudematerial used. If the whole plant is used, the description of the crudematerial is omitted.


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Notice

The information compiled in this booklet has been takenfrom traditional medical texts and recent scientific studies onmedicinal plants in China and is presented here for referenceand educational purposes. Self-treatment would bedangerous. The advice of qualified health workers is alwaysadvisable.


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Medicinal Plants

in China

A selection of150 commonly used species


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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN CHINA 3


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INDEX 306 INDEX 307


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INDEX 314 INDEX 315


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INDEX 326 INDEX 327


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Medicinal Plants in China 1997 - WHO

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