Medical Terminology - Los Angeles Mission College A and Unit 1.pdf · A.1, A.2, A.3 are called...
Transcript of Medical Terminology - Los Angeles Mission College A and Unit 1.pdf · A.1, A.2, A.3 are called...
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Medical Terminology
Instructor: Wakana Saeki, MD
Biology 033
Lecture website: www.lamission.edu/lifesciencesGo to “lecture notes” Medical Terminology
E-mail: [email protected]
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Medical Terminology
Introduction (Section A)
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Section A
How to Work the Program-
Directions for Use of
Programmed Learning
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A.1, A.2, A.3 are called “Frames”. Each frame
contains informations or questions.
Cover the answer column on the left with the
marker provided on the back cover of the text
book.
Answer the questions and learn through
immediate feedback by checking your answers.
You can write the answers in the blank or on a
separate paper.
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Pronounce the word OUT LOUD. You can
listen to the computer program provided in
your text book for correct pronunciation.
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A single blank space (_____) = one word answer
An asterisk and a blank (*_____) = more than one word answer
Double asterisk and a blank (**_____) = Use your own words.
Short blank (____) = One short word
Long blank (_________) = One long word The clue for length of the words are only for the text
book and not necessarily for your quizzes and tests.
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5 Ways to Learn
Saying
Hearing
Seeing
Writing
Thinking
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Unit 1
The Word-Building System –
Introduction to Word Parts
Including Word Roots, Suffixes,
Prefixes, Parts of Speech, Plural
Formation
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Word-building System
Building thousands of words by using a
few word parts
There are exceptions also
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Word Root
The foundation of a word.
Port
Trans/port, ex/port, sup/port
Fix
Suf/fix, pre/fix, af/fix
Gastr
Gastr/itis, Gastr/ectomy, gastr/ic
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Combining Form
Word root + vowel = Combining form
Micr/ o = Micr/oWord root Combining vowel combining form
Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o
Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y)
Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomyWord root combining vowel word root suffix
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Combining Vowel
Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word. It also allows a word rootto be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce.
Examples: Cyt/o/meter, micr/o/scope, micr/o/film, micr/o/be, neur/o/spasm, therm/o/meter, micr/o/surgery
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Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually
used to join a word root to a suffix or other root
that begins with a consonant.
Combining form + Suffix = Compound
Word
Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopycombining form combining form suffix compound word
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A word root, not a combining form, is used
to join a word root with a suffix or another
word root that begins with a vowel.
Word root + Suffix = Word
Dermat + itis = Dermatitisword root suffix word
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Compound Word
Compound words can be formed when 2 or more word roots are used to build the word. Sometimes word roots are words.
Word root + word root = Compound word
Chicken + Pox = ChickenpoxWord root word root compound word
Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem
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Compound Word
Compound word can also be formed from
a combining form and a whole word.
Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meterCombining form word compound word
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Compound Word
Micr/o + scope
Micr/o + surgery
Micr/o + meter
Hydr/o + phobia
Hydr/o + cele
Hydr/o + therapy
Microscope
Microsurgery
Micrometer
Hydrophobia
Hydrocele
Hydrotherapy
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Suffix
Suffix is an ending that follows a word root.
May be in a noun form or an adjective form
Combining form + Word root + Suffix = Compound word
Micr/o + scop + -icCombining form word root suffix
Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic
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Suffix
Word root + Suffix = Noun
Anem -ia Anemia
Word root + Suffix = Adjective
Anem -ic Anemic
Suffix may change the part of the speech
between a noun and an adjective
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Suffix
Noun
-osis cyanosis
-ia anemia
-us mucus
-um ilium
-e condyle
-us carpus
-itis arthritis
-sis emesis
Adjective
-otic cyanotic
-ic anemic
-ous mucous
-ac iliac
-ar condylar
-al carpal
-itic arthritic
-tic emetic
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Suffix
Verbs are words that represent action or a
state of being.
The suffixes –ed or –ing added to the
word alter the tense of this verb.
Past tense: Vomited, Injected
Present Participle: Vomiting, Injecting
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Suffix - Noun
-ism = condition,
state, of theory
-tion = condition
-ist = specialist
-er = one who
-ity = quality
Examples:
• Hyperthyroidism,
Darwinism, Mendelism
• Contraction, relaxation
• Psychiatrist
• Radiographer
• Sensitivity, conductivity
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Suffix - Adjective
-ous = possessing,
having, full of
-able = ability
-ible = ability
Examples:
• Nervous, mucous,
serous
• Injectable, inflatable
• Edible, reducible
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Greek
Singular Suffixes
o -ono Spermatozoon, ganglion
o -mao Carcinoma, lipoma
o -siso Crisis, prognosis
o -nxo Larynx, pharynx
Plural Suffixes
o -ao Spermatozoa, ganglia
o -matao Carcinomata, lipomata
o -seso Crises, prognoses
o -geso Larynges, pharynges
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin
Singular Suffixes
-a Vertebra, conjunctiva
-us Bacillus, bronchus
-um Bacterium, ilium
-is Testis
Plural Suffixes
-ae Vertebrae, conjunctivae
-i Bacilli, bronchi
-a Bacteria, ilia
-es Testes
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin
Singular Suffixes
-ex
cortex
-ix
Appendix
-ax
thorax
Plural Suffixes
-ices
cortices
-ices
appendices
-aces
thoraces
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Practice…
Singular:
Sarcoma
Diagnosis
Phalanx
Coccus
Calcaneum
Vertex
Cervix
thorax
Plural:
Sarcomata
Diagnoses
Phalanges
Cocci
Calcanea
Vertices
Cervices
thoraces
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Prefix
Prefix is a word part that goes in front of a
word root, changing the meaning of the
word.
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Prefix
Ex- + tension = Extension
Ex- + press = Express
Dis- + please = Displease
Dis- + ease = Disease
Im- + plant = Implant
Sup- + plant = Supplant
Trans- + plant = Transplant
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Acr/o = Extremities
Acr/o = extremities (arms and legs)
Acr = word root
O = vowel
Acr/o = combining form
Acr/o/paralysis: Paralysis of extremities
Acr/o/cyan/osis: Condition of blue extremities
Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of skin of the
extremities, like red inflamed hands
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Megal/o = Enlarged, Large
-megaly = Suffix for “enlarged”
Acr/o/megaly: Enlargement of the extremities
Acromegalic Gigantism = A specific disorder of the body with enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and head.
-y = Suffix that means “the process or condition”. Makes a word a noun.
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Dermat/o = Skin
-logy = (noun) Study of
-logist = (noun) One who studies
-logos = Greek for study
Dermat/o/logist: The person who
specializes in diseases of the skin
Dermat/o/logy: The study of skin
Eti/o/logy: Study of the origin of disease
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-itis = Inflammation
Dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin
i.e. Contact (allergic reaction) dermatitis, or
due to infection, inflammation, trauma
Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin
of the extremities
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-osis = Condition, Status, Process
Dermat/osis: Any skin condition.
(abnormal condition). (noun)
Cyan/osis: Condition of blueness
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Cyan/o = Blue, Blueness
Cyan/osis: (noun) Condition of blueness
Cyan/otic: (adj.) Pertaining to a condition of blueness
-tic = adjective suffix for “pertaining to”
Acr/o/cyan/osis: Blueness of the extremities
Cyan/o/derma: Bluish discoloration of the skin
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The Layman’s Medical Terms…
Enema
Not a friend
Artery
Study of painting
G.I. Series
Army baseball
Impotent
Distinguished, well
known
Terminal Illness
Airport sickness
Varicose
Nearby
Seizure
Roman Emperor
Outpatient
Person who has fainted