Tishk International UniversityScience FacultyMedical Analysis Department

Medical Terminology II

2nd Grade- Spring Semester 2020-2021

The Cardiovascular System Lect. 6/Part II

Dr. Abdulkarim Y. Karimabdulkarim.yasin@tiu.edu.iq

Blood Vessel Pathology

hypertension

(HTN)

high blood pressure; essential or

primary hypertension is due to CV

disease; secondary hypertension results

from another disease

hypotensiondecrease in blood pressure; may be due

to shock or anemia

arteriosclerosishardening & loss of elasticity of arterial

walls; often due to atherosclerosis

thrombophlebitisinflammation of vein resulting in blood

clots within a vein

thrombus

blood clot within a blood vessel; may

partially or completely occlude blood

vessel

polyarteritis inflammation of several arteries

Blood Vessel Pathology

Clinical Laboratory Tests

cardiac

enzymes

blood test determines level of enzymes

specific to heart muscle in blood; an

increase may indicate heart muscle

damage such as a myocardial infarction

serum

lipoprotein

level

blood test measures amount of cholesterol

and triglycerides in blood; indicator of

atherosclerosis risk

Diagnostic Imaging

angiographyX-rays taken after injection of opaque

dye into blood vessel

venographyX-ray of veins; used to identify a

thrombus

Doppler

ultrasonography

using ultrasound to produce an image

of blood flowing through blood vessels

in order to determine velocity;

indicates blood clots or deep vein

thromboses

echocardiographyuse of ultrasound to visualize internal

cardiac structures; especially valves

Cardiac Function Tests

cardiac

catheterization

catheter is threaded through blood

vessel to heart; detects

abnormalities, collects cardiac

blood samples, and determines

blood pressure inside heart

electrocardiography

(ECG, EKG)

process of recording electrical

activity of heart; able to diagnose

arrhythmias and myocardial

damage

Cardiac Function Tests

Holter

monitor

portable ECG monitor worn by patient up

to a few days to assess heart activity as

person goes through daily activities

stress

testing

evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient

exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a

steadily increasing work load; EKC and

oxygen levels are monitored throughout

the test

Man undergoing stress test on a treadmill

Holter monitor

cardiopulmonary

resuscitation

(CPR)

procedure to restore cardiac output

and oxygenate air for person in cardiac

arrest; uses chest compressions and

artificial respiration

defibrillationprocedure that converts irregular

heartbeats, using an electric shock

extracorporeal

circulation (ECC)

routing blood to a heart-lung machine

during a surgical procedure

Medical Procedures

An emergency medical technician positions defibrillator paddles on the chest of a supine male patient

Medical Procedures

thrombolytic

therapy

use of drugs, such as streptokinase or

tissue-type plasminogen activator, to

dissolve clots and restore blood flow

pacemaker

implantation

device implanted into the heart to

substitute for the natural pacemaker;

especially helpful for bradycardia

Color enhanced X-ray showing pacemaker implanted in the chest and the electrode

wires running to the heart

Surgical Procedures

percutaneous

transluminal

coronary

angioplasty

(PTCA)

balloon catheter is inserted through

skin into coronary artery; inflated to

dilate the narrow blood vessel

valve replacementremoval of diseased valve and

replacement with an artificial valve

Balloon angioplasty

diuretic

increases urine production

to reduce plasma volume to

lower blood pressure

Lasix

thrombolytic dissolves existing blood clotPlavix,

Activase

anticoagulantprevents blood clot

formation

Warfarin,

Coumadin

antilipidemicreduces blood cholesterol

level

Lipitor,

Zocor

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

vasoconstrictor

contracts smooth muscle in

wall of blood vessel to raise

blood pressure

Aramine

vasodilator

relaxes smooth muscle in

wall of blood vessel to

reduce blood pressure

Nitro-Dur,

Vasodilan

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Cardiovascular Abbreviations

bpm beats per minute

AMI acute myocardial infarction

AS arteriosclerosis

CAD coronary artery disease

ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease

AV, A-V atrioventricular

cath catheterization

BP blood pressure

Cardiovascular Abbreviations

CP chest pain

CPK creatine phosphokinase

CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation

MI myocardial infarction

CV cardiovascular

DVT deep vein thrombosis

mmHg millimeters of mercury

ECG, EKG electrocardiogram

ECHO echocardiogram

GOT glutamic- oxaloacetic transaminase

HTN hypertension

ICU intensive care unit

IV intravenous

LDH lactate dehydrogenase

Cardiovascular Abbreviations

Thank You