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Medical PREFIXES and SUFIXES

Prefix or suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

a-, an- Denotes an absence of Ancient Greek -/ ν- (a-/an-), without, notἀ ἀ  Apathy,  Analgia

ab- away from Latin  Abuction

abdomin(o)- !f or relating to the abomen Latin (ab"men), abomen, fat aroun the belly  Abomen

-ac, -acal pertaining to Greek -#$%& (-akos) cariac, hyrophobiac, pharmacomaniacal

acanth(o)- thorn or spine Ancient Greek $#ν'# (akantha), thornἄ acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma, acanthulus

acous(io)- !f or relating to hearing Greek $*+$%& (acoustikos), of or for hearingἀ acoumeter , acoustician

acr(o)- etremity, topmost Greek $.ν (akron), highest or farthest pointἄ  Acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis, acroposthia

-acusis hearing Greek $*+$%& (acoustikos), of or for hearingἀ paracusis

-ad towar, in the irection of orsa

ad- increase, aherence, motion towar, ery Latin  Auction

aden(o)-,

aden(i)-

!f or relating to a glan  Ancient Greek 01ν, 02ν- (a3n, aen-), an acorn4 aἀ ἀ  glan  Aenocarcinoma, aenology, aenotome,aenotyphus

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adip(o)- !f or relating to fat or fatty tissue Latin (aeps, aip-), fat  Aipocyte

adren(o)- !f or relating to arenal glans Latin arenal artery

-aemia (5r6) bloo conition Greek ν#78#, without blooἀ  Anaemia

aer(o)- air, gas Greek 1., 2.&ἀ ἀ  Aerosinusitis

aesthesio-(5r6) sensation Greek # *'9*&ἴ   Anesthesia

-al pertaining to Latin -alis abominal

alb- Denoting a white or pale color Latin albus, white  Albino

alge(si)- pain Greek :;&ἄ  Analgesic

-algia pain Greek <yalgia

alg(i)o- pain Greek <yalgia

allo- Denoting something as ifferent, or as an aition Ancient Greek ::& (allos), another, other ἄ  Alloantigen, allopathy

ambi-Denoting something as positione on both sies4Describing both of two

Latin (ambi-, ambo), both, on both sies  Ambietrous

amnio- =ertaining to the membranous fetal sac (amnion) Greek 7ννἄ  Amniocentesis

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amph-,amphi- on both sies Greek 7>8 (amphi)ἀ  Amphicrania, amphismela, amphomycin

an- not, without Greek  Analgesia

ana- back, again, up Greek  Anaplasia

an(o) anus Latin

andr(o)- pertaining to a man Greek ν1., ν0.-ἀ ἀ  Anrology, anroi

angi(o)- bloo essel Greek ;;? νἀ ῖ  Angiogram

aniso- Describing something as une@ual Ancient Greek ν *& (ansos), une@ualἄ ῑ  Anisotropic, anisocytosis

ankyl(o)-,ancyl(o)-

Denoting something as crooke or bent Ancient Greek ;$B:& (ankClos), crooke, cureἀ  Ankylosis

ante-Describing something as positione in front of another thing

Latin (nt3), before, in front of  antepartum

anti-Describing something as EagainstE or Eoppose toEanother 

 Ancient Greek #ν+ (anti), against  Antiboy, antipsychotic

apo- separate from, erie from Ancient Greek F%ἀ  Apoptosis

arch(i,e,o) first, primitie archinephron first forme kiney

arteri(o)- !f or pertaining to an artery  Ancient Greek .+9.8# (art3rHa), a win-pipe, artery (useἀ  Artery,  Arteriole

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istinctly ersus a ein)

arthr(o)- !f or perta ining to the Io in ts, limbs Ancient Greek #.'.& (ar thros), a Io in t, limb  Arthritis

articul(o)-  Ioint Latin articulum  Articulation

-ary pertaining to Latin -arius bilary tract

-ase enJyme Greek 0K*+ασις , iision Lactase

-asthenia weakness Greek, *'2ν?#ἀ <yasthenia grais

atel(o) imperfect or incomplete eelopment atelocaria imperfect eelopment of the heart

-ation process Latin

atri(o)- an atrium (esp heart atrium) atrioentricular  

aur(i)- !f or pertaining to the ear Latin (auris), the ear    Aural

aut(o)- self Greek # +-ὐ  Autoimmune

aux(o)- increase4 growth auocaria enlargement of the heart

axill- !f or pertaining to the armpit Muncommon as a prefiN Latin (ailla), armpit  Ailla

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azo(to) nitrogenous compounaJothermia raise temperature ue to nitrogenous substances inbloo

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

balano- !f the glans penis or  glans clitoriis Greek βάλανος - balanos, acorn, glans 5alanitis

bi- twice, ouble Latin

bio- life Ancient Greek O8& 5iology

blast(o)- germ or bu Greek O:#*+%& 5lastomere

blephar(o)- !f or pertaining to the eyeli Ancient Greek O:2>#.ν (blPpharon), eyeli 5lepharoplast

brachi(o)- !f or relating to the arm Latin (brachium), from Ancient Greek O.#Q8Rν (brachi"n), arm 5rachium of inferior colliculus

brachy- Snicat ing EshortE or less commonly El it tleE Ancient Greek O.#QB& (brachys), short4 li tt le, shallow brachycephalic

brady- EslowE Ancient Greek O.#0B& (brays), slow 5raycaria

bronch(i)- bronchus 5ronchiolitis obliterans

bucc(o)- !f or pertaining to the cheek Latin (bucca), cheek 5uccolabial

burs(o)- bursa (flui sac between the bones) Latin 5ursitis

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"

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

capill- !f or pertaining to hair Latin (capillus), hair   Tapillus

capit- =ertaining to the hea (as a whole) Latin (caput, capit-), the hea Tapitation

carcin(o)- cancer  Greek $#.$8ν& (karkinos), crab Tarcinoma

cardi(o)- !f or pertaining to the heart Ancient Greek $#.08# (karHa), heart Tariology

carp(o)- !f or pertaining to the wristLatin (carpus) U Ancient Greek $#.F%& (karpVs), wrist4 W!X6 Xhis root shoul not be confusewith the mirror root carp(o)- meaning fruit

Tarpopeal

cata- own, uner Greek $#+K (kata) Tataract

-cele pouching, hernia  Ancient Greek $1:9 (k3l3) Yyrocele

-centesis surgical puncture for aspiration  Ancient Greek $2ν+9*& (kent3sis)  Amniocentesis

cephal(o)- !f or pertaining to the hea (as a whole) Ancient Greek $?>#:1 (kPphal3), the hea Tephalalgy

cerat(o)- !f or pertaining to the cornu4 a horn Ancient Greek $2.#&, $?.#+- (kPras, kerat-), a horn Teratoi

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cerebell(o)- !f or pertaining to the cerebellum Latin (cerebellum), little brain Terebellum

cerebr(o)- !f or pertaining to the brain Latin (cerebrum), brain Terebrology

cer#ic- !f or pertaining to the neck, the  ceri Latin (ceri, cerc-), neck, ceri Tericoorsal

chem(o)- chemistry, rug Greek Q97?8# Themotherapy

chir(o)-,cheir(o)-

!f or pertaining to the han Ancient Greek Q?8., Q?.- (cheir, cheiro-), han Thiropractor 

chlor(o)- Denoting a green color Ancient Greek Q:R.%& (chloros), green, yellow-green Thlorophyll

chol(e)- !f or pertaining to bile Ancient Greek Q:1 (chol3), bile Tholaemia

cholecyst(o)- !f or pertaining to the gallblaer  Ancient Greek Q:9$B*+& (chol3kCstis), gallblaer U Q:1 (chol3), bile, gall Z $B*+& (kCstis),blaer 

Tholecystectomy

chondr(i)o- cartilage, gristle, granule, granular Ancient Greek Qν0.%& (chonros)Thonrocalcinosis

chrom(ato)- color Ancient Greek Q. 7#ῶ Yemachromatosis

-cidal, -cide killing, estroying Latin bacteriocial

cili- !f or pertaining to the cilia, t he eyelashes4 eyelis U Latin (cilium), eyelash4 eyeli Tiliary

circum- Denoting something as EarounE another Latin (circum), aroun Tircumcision

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cis- on this sie Latin (cis)

clast break Greek $:#*+%& osteoclast

co- with, together, in association Latin

col-, colo-,colono-

colon Tolonoscopy

colp(o)- !f or pertaining to the agina Ancient Greek $%:F& (kVlpos), bosom, womb4 hollow, epth Tolposcopy

com- with, together Latin

contra against Latin Tontrainicate

cor- with, together Latin

cor-, core-, coro- !f or pertaining to eyeEs pupil Ancient Greek $%.9 (kVr3), girl, oll4 pupil of the eye Torectomy

cordi- !f or pertaining to the heart [Uncommon as a prefix]  Latin (cor, cori-), heart Tommotio coris

cornu- Applie to processes an parts of the boy escribing themlikene or similar to horns

Latin (corn[), horn

cost(o)- !f or pertaining to the ribs Latin (costa), rib Tostochonral

cox- !f or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-Ioint Latin (coa), hip Toopoite

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crani(o)- 5elonging or relating to the cranium Latin (cranium) U Ancient Greek $. ν8ν (krnion), the cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brainᾱ Traniology

-crine to secrete 6nocrine

cry(o)- col Greek $.B& Tryoablation

cutane- skin Latin \ubcutaneous

cyan(o)- Denotes a blue color Ancient Greek $B#ν&, $Kν?& (kCanos, ky]neos), blue Tyanopsia

cycl- circle, cycle Greek $B$:& (kuklos)

cyph(o)- Denotes something as bent [uncommon as a prefix]   Ancient Greek $>%& (k phVs), bent, hunchbackȳ Typhosis

cyst(o)-, cyst(i)- !f or pertaining to the urinary blaer   Ancient Greek $B*+& (kCstis), blaer4 cyst Tystotomy

cyt(o)- cell Greek $B+& Tytokine

-cyte cell Greek Leukocyte

$

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

dacryo- tear Greek 0K$.

dactyl(o)- !f or pertaining to a finger, toe Ancient Greek 0K$+:& (]ktylos), finger, toe Dactylology

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de- away from, cessation Latin e-

dent- !f or pertaining to teeth Latin (ens, entis), tooth Dentist

dermat(o)-,derm(o)-

!f or pertaining to the skin Ancient Greek 02.7#, 02.7#+- (Prma, Pmat-), skin,human skin

Dermatology

-desis bining Greek 02*& (esis) arthroesis

dextr(o)- right, on the right sie Latin dexter  Detrocaria

di- two Greek 0-

di- apart, separation Latin

dia- same as !ree" meanin#$  Ancient Greek 0K (i]), through, uring, across Diacetyl

dif- apart, separation Latin

digit- !f or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root]  Latin (igitus), finger, toe Digit

dis- separation, taking apart Latin dis- Dissection

dors(o)-, dors(i)- !f or pertaining to the back Latin (orsum), backorsal,Dorsocephala

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duodeno-uoenum, twele upper part of the small intestine (twele inches long on aerage), connects tothe stomach

Latin duodeni  Duoenal atresia

dynam(o)- force, energy, power Greek 0Bν#7& (unamis)

-dynia pain ^uloynia

dys- ba, ifficult Greek 0*- Dysphagia,ysphasia

E

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

-eal pertaining to Latin

ec- out, away Greek $- (ek-)ἐ

ect(o)- outer, outsie Greek $+%&ἐ 6ctopic pregnancy

-ectasis, -ectasia epansion, ilation  Ancient Greek $+#*&ἔ 5ronchiectasis, Xelangiectasia

-ectomyDenotes a surgical operation or remoal of a boy part _esection,ecision

 Ancient Greek $+71 (ectom3), ecisionἐ <astectomy

-emesis omiting conition Greek 7?*&ἕ Yematemesis

-emia bloo conition (Am6) Greek ν-#78#, without blooἀ  Anemia

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encephal(o)- !f or pertaining to the brain Also see Terebro Ancient Greek ;$2>#:& (enkPphalos), the brainἐ 6ncephalogram

endo- Denotes something as EinsieE or EwithinE Ancient Greek ν0- (eno-), insie, internalἐ 6nocrinology, 6nospore

enter(o)- !f or pertaining to the intestine Ancient Greek ν+?.ν (Pnteron), intestineἔ Gastroenterology

epi- [%ame as !ree" meanin#& on' upon]  Ancient Greek F- (epi-), before, upon, on, outsie, outsieἐof 

6pistais, epicarium, episclera,epiural

episi(o)- !f or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins Ancient Greek F8*ν- (epHsion), the pubic area, loins4ἐula

6pisiotomy

erythr(o)- Denotes a re color Ancient Greek .'.%& (erythros), reἐ 6rythrocyte

-esophageal,-esophago

gullet (Am6) Greek *>K;&ἰ

esthesio- sensation (Am6) Greek # *'9*&ἴ 

eu- true, goo, well, new Greek 6ukaryote

ex- out of, away from Latin

exo- Denotes something as EoutsieE another Ancient Greek `R- (eo-), outsie of, eternalἐ 6oskeleton

extra- outsie Latin

%

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Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

faci(o)- !f or pertaining to the face Latin (faci3s), the face, countenance acioplegic

fibr(o) fiber  ibroblast

filli- fine, hair like

-form, -iform se to form aIecties inicating Ehaing the form ofE Latin (forma), form, shape Tuneiform

fossa Latin (fossa), itch, pit fossa oalis

front- !f or pertaining to the forehea Latin (fr"ns, front-), the forehea rontonasal

&

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

galact(o)- milk Greek ;K:#, ;#:#$+- Galactorrhea

gastr(o)- !f or pertaining to the stomach Ancient Greek ;#*+1. (gast3r), ;#*+.-, stomach, belly Gastric bypass

-gen() Denotes the sense Eborn in, fromE (d) Denotes the sense Eof acertain kinE

 Ancient Greek -;?ν1& (-gen3s) U ;?ν-νK?ν (gen-n]ein), to beborn

() 6nogen4(d)Yeterogenous

-genic ormatie, pertaining to proucing Greek Tariogenic shock

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genu- !f or pertaining to the knee Latin (gen[), knee Genu algum

gingi#- !f or pertaining to the gums Latin (ginga), gum Gingiitis

glauc(o)- Denoting a grey, bluish-grey color Ancient Greek ;:# $& (glakos), grey, bluish-greyῦ Glaucoma

gloss(o)-, glott(o)- !f or pertaining to the tongue Ancient Greek ;: **#, ;: ++# (gl"ssa, gl"tta), tongueῶ ῶ Glossology

gluco- glucose Greek ;:$%&, sweet Glucocorticoi

glyco- sugar  Glycolysis

gnath(o)- !f or pertaining to the Iaw Ancient Greek ;νK'& (gn]thos), Iaw Gnathoynamometer 

-gnosis knowlege Greek iagnosis, prognosis

gon(o)- see, semen4 also, reprouctie Ancient Greek ;%ν& Gonorrhea

-gram recor or picture Greek ;.K77#  Angiogram

-graph recor or picture Ancient Greek -;.#>8# (-graphHa), written, rawn, graphicinterpretation

6lectrocariograph

-graphy process of recoring  Angiography

gyn(aec)o- (rE), gyn(ec)o-('mE)

woman Greek ;ν1, ;ν#$- Gynecomastia

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Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

halluc- to waner in min Tlassical Latin to waner in min Yallucinosis

hemat-, haemato- (haem-,hem-)

!f or pertaining to blooLatin (hma) U Ancient Greek # 7#, # 7#+- (haima, haimat-), ἵ ἱbloo

Yematology, olerformYaematology

hema or hemo- bloo (Am6) Greek Yematological malignancy

hemi- one-half Ancient Greek 7- (h3mi-), halfἡ Terebral hemisphere

hepat- (hepatic-) !f or pertaining to the lier Ancient Greek F#., F#+- (h3par, h3pato-), the lier  ἥ ἡ Yepatology

heter(o)-Denotes something as Ethe otherE (of two), as an aition, orifferent

 Ancient Greek +?.& (hPteros), the other (of two), another4ἕifferent

Yeterogeneous

hidr(o)- sweat Greek 0.R+-ἱ Yyperhirosis

hist(o)-, histio- tissue Greek *+%&ἱ Yistology

home(o)- similar Ancient Greek 7& (homoios)ὅ Yomeopathy

hom(o)- Denotes something as Ethe sameE as another or common Ancient Greek 7- (homo-), the same, commonὁ Yomoseuality

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humer(o)- !f or pertaining to the shouler (or MrarelyN the upper arm) Sncorrect 6tymology U Latin (umerus), shouler  Yumerus

hydr(o)- water Greek 0R.ὕ Yyrophobe

hyper- Denotes something as EetremeE or Ebeyon normalE

 Ancient Greek F2. (hyper), oer, aboe4 beyon, to theὑetreme Yypertension

hyp(o)- Denotes something as Ebelow normalE Ancient Greek F()- (hypo-), below, uner  ὑ Yypoolemia,

hyster(o)- !f or pertaining to the womb, the uterus Ancient Greek *+2.# (hystPra), wombὑ Yysterectomy

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

-i-asis conition Greek -8#*& <yriasis

iatr(o)- !f or pertaining to meicine, or a physician [uncommon as a prefix( common as as suffix' see -iatr)]   Ancient Greek +.%& (itrVs), healer, physicianἰᾱ Satrochemistry

-iatry Denotes a fiel in meicine of a certain boy component Ancient Greek +.%& (itrVs), healer, physicianἰᾱ =oiatry, =sychiatry

-ic pertaining to Greek -$%& (-ikos) Yepatic artery

-icle small Latin !arian follicle

-ics organiJe knowlege, treatment Latin -ica U Greek U -$K

idio- self, oneEs own Greek 0&, iios, oneEs ownἴ  Siopathic

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ileo- ileum Greek :?%&ἰ Sleocecal ale

infra- below Latin Snfrahyoi muscles

inter- between, among Latin Snterarticular ligament

intra- within Latin Sntracranial hemorrhage

irid(o)- iris Greek .&ἴ  Sriectomy

ischio- !f or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-Ioint Ancient Greek *Q%ν (ischiVn), hip-Ioint, ischiumἰ Sschiorrhogic

-ism conition, isease Dwarfism

-ismus spasm, contraction Greek -*7%&

iso- Denoting something as being Ee@ualE Ancient Greek *& (Hsos), e@ualἴ  Ssotonic

-ist one who specialiJes in Greek -*+1& (-istes) =athologist

-ite the nature of, resembling Greek -8+9& Yermaphroite

-itis inflammation Xonsillitis

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-ium structure, tissue pericarium

isch- _estriction Greek *QRἴ  Sschemia

*

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

karyo- nucleus Greek $K.ν, nut 6ukaryote

kerat(o)- cornea (eye or skin) Greek eratoscope

kin(e)-, kin(o), kinesi(o)- moement Greek $ν2R inesthesia

koil(o)- hollow Greek $ :& (koilos) ῖ oilocyte

kyph(o)- humpe Greek $>%& yphoscoliosis

+

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

labi(o)- !f or pertaining to the lip Latin (labium), lip Labioental

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lacrim(o)- tear Latin Lacrimal canaliculi

lact(i)-, lact(o) milk Latin Lactation

lapar(o)- !f or pertaining to the abomen-wall, flank Ancient Greek :#FK. (lap]r), flankᾱ Laparotomy

laryng(o)- !f or pertaining to the laryn, the lower throat caity where the oice bo is Ancient Greek :K.; ,̀ :#.;;- (l]ryn, laryng-), throat, gullet Laryn

latero- lateral Latin Lateral pectoral nere

lei(o)- smooth Greek :? & ῖ Leiomyoma

-lepsis, -lepsy attack, seiJure Greek : &ῆ 6pilepsy, narcolepsy

lept(o)- light, slener Greek :?F+%& (leptos)

leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- Denoting a white color Ancient Greek :?$%& (leukos), white, bright Leukocyte

lingu(a)-, lingu(o)- !f or pertaining to the tongue Latin (lingua), tongue Linguistics

lip(o)- fat Greek :8F& Liposuction

lith(o)- stone, calculus Greek :8'& Lithotripsy

log(o)- speech Greek :%;&

-logist Denotes someone who stu ies a certa in fiel jjjjj-logy Ancient Greek :;*+1& (log ist3s), stu ie r, practi tioner   !ncologist, pathologist

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-logy Denotes the acaemic stuy or practice of a certain fiel Ancient Greek :%;o& (logos) stuy hematology, urology

lymph(o)- lymph Greek :27>&, :B7>9 Lympheema

lys(o)-, -lytic issolution Greek Lysosome

-lysis Destruction, separation Greek :B*& =aralysis

M

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

macr(o)- large, long Greek 7#$.%& <acrophage

-malacia softening Greek 7#:#$8# !steomalacia

mamm(o)- !f or pertaining to the breast Latin (mamma), breast4 uer   <ammogram

mammill(o)- !f or pertaining to the nipple Latin (mammilla), nipple

manu- !f or pertaining to the han Latin (manus), han <anufacture

mast(o)- !f or pertain ing to the breast Ancien t Greek 7#*+%& (mastVs) , breast, women Es breast4 man Es pectora l muscle <astectomy

meg(a)-, megal(o)-, -megaly enlargement Greek 72;#& \plenomegaly

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melan(o)- black color Ancient Greek 72:#&, 7?:#ν- (melas, melano-), black4 ark <elanin

melos etremity Ancient Greek 72:& erythromelalgia

mening(o)- membrane Greek 7 ν;̀ , 79ν;;-ῆ <eningitis

mero- part Greek 72.& (meros), part merocrine, meroblastic

mes(o)- mile Ancient Greek 72*& (mesos), mile <esoerm

meta- after, behin Greek 7?+K <etacarpus

-meter  measurement Greek 72+.ν \phygmomanometer 

-metry process of measuring Greek -7?+.8# !ptometry

metr(o)- =ertaining to conitions or instruments of the uterus Ancient Greek 71+. (m3tr), womb, uterusᾱ <etrorrhagia

micro- enoting something as small, or relating to smallness Ancient Greek 7$.%& (mikros), small <icroscope

mon(o)- single Greek 7ν%& Snfectious mononucleosis

morph(o)- form, shape Greek 7.>1 <orphology

muscul(o)- muscle Latin <usculoskeletal system

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my(o)- !f or relating to muscle  Ancient Greek 7 &, 7- (mys, my-), muscle4 mouse4 musselῦ <yoblast

myc(o)- fungus Greek 7B$9&, 7$9+- !nychomycosis

myel(o)- !f or relating to bone marrow  Ancient Greek 7?:%ν (myelon), marrow4 bone-marrow <yeloblast

myring(o)- earrum Latin myringa <yringotomy

myx(o)- mucus Greek 7B`# <yoma

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

narc(o)- numb, sleep Greek νK.$9 narcolepsy

nas(o)- !f or pertaining to the nose Latin (nsum), nose nasal

necr(o)- eath Greek ν?$.%&WecrotiJingfasciitis

neo- new Greek ν2& Weoplasm

nephr(o)- !f or pertaining to the kiney Ancient Greek ν?>.%& (nephrVs), kiney Wephrology

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ner#-!f or pertaining to neres an the nerous system [Uncommon as a root& neuro- mostl)al*a)s used] 

Latin (nerus), tenon4 nere4 Tognate with the Greek ν?.ν (neuron)(see below)

Were

neur(i)-,neur(o)-

!f or pertaining to neres an the nerous system  Ancient Greek ν? .ν (neuron), tenon, sinew4 nereῦ Weurofibromatosis

normo- normal Latin Wormocapnia

O

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

ocul(o)- !f or pertaining to the eye Latin (oculus), the eye !culist

odont(o)- !f or pertaining to teeth Ancient Greek 0B&, 0ν+- (oos, oont-), toothὀ ὀ orthoontist

odyn(o)- pain Greek 0Bν9ὀ stomatoynia

-oesophageal,oesophago- (5r6)

gullet Greek *>K;&ἰ

-oid resemblance to Greek -?01& \arcoiosis

ole small or little Latin

olig(o)-Denoting something as Ehaing little, haingfewE

 Ancient Greek :8;& (oligos), fewὀ !ligotrophy

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om(o)- !f or per taining to the shouler Ancien t Greek 7%& ("mos) , shouler  ὠ !moplate

-oma (singular), -omata(plural)

tumor , mass, collection Greek -R7# \arcoma, Xeratoma

omphal(o)- !f or pertaining to the nael, the umbilicus  Ancient Greek 7>#:%& (omphalVs), nael, belly-buttonὀ !mphalotomy

onco- tumor, bulk, olume Greek ;$&ὄ !ncology

onych(o)- !f or pertaining to the nail (of a finger or toe) Ancient Greek U ν`, νQ- (Vny, Vnycho-), nail4 claw4 talonὄ ὀ !nychophagy

oo-!f or pertaining to the an egg, a womanEsegg, the oum

 Ancient Greek %ν, - ("Vn, "o-), egg, oumᾠ ᾠ !ogenesis

oophor(o)- !f or pertaining to the womanEs oary Weoclassical Greek >%.ν ("ophVron), oary, egg-bearingᾠ !ophorectomy

ophthalm(o)- !f or pertaining to the eye Ancient Greek >'#:7%& (ophthalmVs), the eyeὀ !phthalmology

optic(o)-!f or relating to chemical properties of theeye

<ile rench (opti@ue) U Greek F+$%& (optikVs)4 Tognate withὀLatinoculus, relating to the eye

!pticochemical

or(o)- !f or pertaining to the mouth Latin ("s, or-), mouth !ral

orchi(o)-, orchido- testis Greek .Q& (orkhis, orkhi-)ὀ !rchiectomy, !rchiectomy

orth(o)- Denoting something as straight or correct Ancient Greek .'%& (orthos), straight, correct, normalὀ !rthoontist

-osis a conition, isease or increase Greek -R*& Yarle@uin type

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ichthyosis, =sychosis,osteoperosis

osseo- bony Latin

ossi- bone Latin =eripheral ossifying fibroma

ost(e)-, oste(o)- bone Greek *+2νὀ !steoporosis

ot(o)- !f or pertaining to the ear Ancient Greek &, +- (ous, "t-), the ear  ὖ ὠ !topathy

-ous pertaining to Latin -osus

o#ari(o)- !f or pertaining to the oaries Latin ("arium), oary !ariectomy

o#o-, o#i-, o#- !f or pertaining to the eggs, the oum Latin ("um), egg, oum !ogenesis

oxo- aition of oygen Greek `B&ὀ

oxy- sharp, aci, acute, oygen Greek `B&ὀ

P

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

pachy- thick Greek F#QB& pachyerma

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palpebr- !f or pertaining to the eyeli [uncommon as a root]  Latin (palpebra), eyeli =alpebra

pan-, pant(o)- Denoting something as Ecomplete E or containing EeerythingE Anc ient Greek F &, F#ν- (pas, pan-) , a ll , eeryᾶ panophobia, panopticon

papill- !f or pertaining to the nipple (of the chest/breast) Latin (papilla), nipple4 imunitie of papula (see below) =apillitis

papul(o)-Snicates papulosity, a small eleation or swelling in the skin, a pimple,swelling

Latin (papula), pimple, pustle4 a small eleation or swelling inthe skin

=apulation

para- alongsie of, abnormal Ancient Greek F#.K

-paresis slight paralysis Greek FK.?*& hemiparesis

par#o- small Latin parus =aroirus

path(o)- isease Greek FK'& =athology

-pathy Denotes (with a negatie sense) a isease, or isorer Ancien t Greek FK'& (pathos), suffering, accient sociopathy, neuropathy

ped-, -ped-, -pes !f or pertaining to the foot4 -foote Latin (p3s, p3-), foot =eoscope

pel#(i)-, pel#(o)- hip bone Latin =elis

-penia eficiency Greek F?ν8# osteopenia

peo- !f or pertaining to the penis Greek F2& (peos) =eotomy

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-pepsia Denotes something relating to igestion, or the igestie tract Ancient Greek F?F+%& (peptVs) cooke, igeste U F2**R(pPss") S boil, cook4 igest

Dyspepsia

per- through Latin

peri- Denoting something with a position EsurrouningE or EarounE another Ancient Greek F?.8 (peri), aroun =erioontal

-pexy fiation Greek F `&ῆ Wephropey

phaco- lens-shape Greek >#$%&phacolysis, phacometer,phacoscotoma

-phage, -phagia orms terms enoting conitions relating to eating or ingestion Ancient Greek >#;8# (phagHa) eating U >#;? ν (phagein) to ῖeat

\arcophagia

-phago- eating, eouring Greek ->K;& phagocyte

phagist-orms nouns that enote a person who Efees onE the first element or part ofthe wor

 Ancient Greek >#;*+1& (phagist3s) eater4 see -p+a#ia Lotophagi

-phagy orms nouns that enotes Efeeing onE the first element or part of the wor Ancient Greek >#;8# (phagia) eating4 see -p+a#ia  Anthropophagy

phallo- phallus Greek >#::%& (phallos)  Aphallia

pharmaco- rug, meication Greek >K.7#$ν pharmacology

pharyng(o)- !f or pertaining to the pharyn, the upper throat caity Ancient Greek >K.;`, >#.;;- (ph]ryn, ph]ryng-), throat,winpipe4 chasm

=haryngitis,=haryngoscopy

-phil(ia) attraction for Greek >:8# Yemophilia

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phleb(o)- !f or pertaining to the (bloo) eins, a ein Ancient Greek >:2, >:?O- (phleps, phlebo-), bloo-essel,ein

=hlebography,=hlebotomy

phob(o)- eaggerate fear, sensitiity Greek >%O& arachnophobia

phon(o)- soun Greek >Rν1

phos-!f or pertaining to light or its chemical properties, now historic an use rarely\ee the common root phot(o)- below

 Ancient Greek > &, >R+- (ph"s, ph"t-), lightῶ =hosphene

phot(o)- !f or pertaining to light Ancient Greek > &, >R+- (ph"s, ph"t-), lightῶ =hotopathy

phren(i)-, phren(o)-,phrenico

MMiaphragm (anatomy)iaphragmN, the minN Greek >.1ν, >.?ν- =hrenic nere,schiJophrenia

-plasia formation, eelopment Greek F:K*&  Achonroplasia

-plasty surgical repair, reconstruction Greek F:#*+%& rhinoplasty

-plegia paralysis Greek F:9;1 paraplegia

pleio- more, ecessie, multiple Greek pleion pleiomorphism

pleur(o)-, pleur(a) !f or pertaining to the ribsLatin (pleura) U Ancient Greek F:?.%ν (pleurVn) , rib, sie of the boy

=leurogenous

-plexy stroke or seiJure Greek F: `&ῆ Tatapley

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pneum(o)- !f or pertaining to the lungs Ancient Greek Fν?B7Rν, Fν?7ν- (pneum"n, pneumon-),lung U Fν? 7# (pneuma), win, spiritῦ

=neumonocyte,=neumonia

pneumat(o)- air, lung

pod-, -pod-, -pus !f or pertaining to the foot, -foote Ancient Greek FB&, F0- (pos, po-), foot =oiatry

-poiesis prouction hematopoiesis

polio- Denoting a grey color Ancient Greek F:%& (poliVs), grey =oliomyelitis

poly- Denotes a EpluralityE of something Ancient Greek F:& (polys), much, many =olymyositis

por(o)- pore, porous

porphyr(o)- Denotes a purple color Ancient Greek F.FB.# (porphCra), purple =orphyroblast

post- Denotes something as EafterE or EbehinE another Latin (post), after, behin =ostoperation,=ostmortem

pre- Denotes something as EbeforeE another (in MphysicalN position or time)<eieal Latin (pre-) U (Tlassical) Latin (pr), before, infront of 

=rematurity

presby(o)- ol age Greek =resbyopia

prim- Denotes something as EfirstE or Emost-importantE Latin (prmus), first, most important =rimary

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pro- Denotes something as EbeforeE another (in MphysicalN position or time) Ancient Greek F. (pro), before, in front of  =rocephalic

proct(o)- anus, rectum proctology

prot(o)- Denotes something as EfirstE or Emost-importantE Ancient Greek F.R+& (pr"tos), first4 principle, most

important=rotoneuron

pseudo- Denotes something false or fake

psych(e)-, psych(o) !f or pertaining to the min Ancient Greek Q1 (psychP), breath, life, soul =sychology, =sychiatry

-ptosis falling, rooping, ownwar placement, prolapse  Apoptosis

-ptysis(a spitting), spitting, hemoptysis, the spitting of bloo erie from the lungs or bronchial tubes

pulmon-, pulmo- !f or relating to the lungs Latin (pulmo, pulm"n-, usuall) used in plural ), a lung pulmonary

pyel(o)- pelis  Ancient Greek (pyelos) =yelonephritis

pyo- pus Greek FBν =yometra

pyro- feer  Greek F ., F.?+%&ῦ  Antipyretic

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

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.uadr(i)- four Latin @uariceps

/

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

radio- raiation Latin raiowae

re- again, backwar Latin relapse

rect(o)- rectum Latin

ren(o)- !f or pertaining to the kiney Latin (r3nes), kiney renal

reticul(o)- net Latin

retro- backwar, behin Latin retroerte

rhabd(o)- ro shape, striate Greek KO0&ῥ

rhachi(o)- spine Greek KQ&ῥ rachial, rachialgia, rachiian, rachiopathy

rhin(o)- !f or pertaining to the nose Ancient Greek 8&, ν- (rhs, rhno-), noseῥ ῥῑ rhinoceros, rhinoplasty

rhod(o)- Denoting a rose-re color Ancient Greek %0ν (rhVon), roseῥ _hoophyte

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-rrhage burst forth Greek -..#;8# Yemorrhage

-rrhagia rapi flow of bloo Greek -..#;8#

-rrhaphy surgical suturing Greek #>1ῥ

-rrhea (Am6) flowing, ischarge Greek -..# Galactorrhea, Diarrhea

-rrhexis rupture Greek ̀&ῥῆ

-rrhoea (5r6) flowing, ischarge Greek -..# Diarrhoea

rubr(o)- !f or pertaining to the re nucleus of the brain Latin (ruber), re _ubrospinal

MeitN0

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

salping(o)- !f or pertaining to the fallopian tubes Ancient Greek *K:F;`, *#:F;;-, (s]lpin,salpingo-) trumpet (literall) )

\alpingectomy,\alpingopharyngeusmuscle

sangui-, sanguine- !f or pertaining to bloo Latin (sanguis, sanguin-), bloo \anguine

sarco- muscular, fleshlike Greek *K.`, *#.$- sarcoma

schist(o)- split, cleft Greek *Q*+%& (schistos)

schiz(o)- Denoting something EsplitE or Eouble-sieE Ancient Greek *QR4 Srregular formation of the \chiJophrenia

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erb *Q8?ν (schiJein), to cut, split

scler(o)- harness Greek *$:9.%& atherosclerosis

-sclerosis harening of the skin Greek <ultiple sclerosis

scoli(o)- twiste Greek *$:%& (skolios) scoliosis

-scope instrument for iewing Greek -*$%F& stethoscope

-scopy use of instrument for iewing Greek -*$F8# enoscopy

semi- one-half, partly Latin

sial(o)- salia, saliary glan Greek *8#:& (sialos) sialagogue

sigmoid(o)- sigmoi, sigmoi colon Greek *;7?01&

sinistr(o)- left, left sie Latin

sinus- !f or pertaining to the sinus Latin (sinus), a cure, ben, bay \inusitis

sito- foo, grain Greek * +& ῖ

somat(o)-, somatico- boy, boily Greek * 7#ῶ

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spasmo- spasm Greek *F#*7%&

sperma-, spermo-,spermato-

semen, spermatoJoa Greek *F2.7# (sperma) \permatogenesis

splanchn(i)-,splanchn(o)-

iscera Greek *F:K;Qνν

splen(o)- spleen Greek *F:1ν, *F:9ν- \plenectomy

spondyl(o)- !f or pertaining to the spine, the ertebraGreek *F%ν0:& / *>%ν0:&, (spVnylos /sphVnylos), the spine

\ponylitis

s.uamos(o)- Denoting something as Efull of scalesE or EscalyE Latin (s@m"sus), full of scales4 scaly \@uama

-stasis stop, stan Greek *+K*&

-staxis ripping, trickling Greek *+#$+%&

sten(o)- Denoting something as Enarrow in shapeE or pertaining to narrow-ness Ancient Greek *+?ν%& (stenos), narrow4 short \tenography

steth(o)-!f or pertaining to the upper chest, chest, the area aboe the breast an uner theneck

 Ancient Greek *+ '& (st3thos), chest, cuirassῆ \tethoscope

stheno- strength, force, power Greek *'2ν&

stom(a) mouth Greek *+%7# stomatognathic system

stomat(o)- !f or pertaining to the mouth Ancient Greek *+%7#, *+7#+- (stVma, stomat-),mouth \tomatogastric

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-stomy creation of an opening Greek -*+78# colostomy

sub- beneath Latin subcutaneous tissue

super- in ecess, aboe, superior Latin superior ena caa

supra- aboe, ecessie Latin supraorbital ein

sy(l)-, sym-, syn-,sys-

Snicates similarity, likeness, or being together4 Assimilates before someconsonants before l  to syl-, s to sys-, before a labial to sym-

 Ancient Greek *ν- (syn), with, together  \ynalgia, \ynesthesia,\yssarcosis

1

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

tachy- Denoting something as fast, irregularly fast Ancient Greek +#QB& (tachys), fast, @uickly Xachycaria

-tension, -tensi#e pressure Latin Yypertension

tetan- rigi, tense tetanus

thec- case, sheath  Ancient Greek '1$9 (theke) Sntrathecal

thel(e)-, thel(o)- !f or pertaining to a nipple [uncommon as a prefix]   Ancient Greek '9:1 (th3l3), a teat, nipple Xheleplasty

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thely- Denoting something as Erelating to a woman, feminineE Ancient Greek ' :& (th3lys), female, feminineῆ Xhelygenous

therm(o)- heat Ancient Greek '?.7%&

thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-,

thoracico-

!f or pertaining to the upper chest, chest4 the area aboe the breast an uner

the neck

Latin (th"r) U Ancient Greek '.#` (th"ra), chest,

cuirass

Xhora

thromb(o)- !f or relating to a bloo clot, clotting of bloo Ancient Greek '.%7O& (thrVmbos), lump, piece, clot ofbloo

Xhrombus,Xhrombocytopenia

thyr(o)- thyroi Greek '.?-?01&

thym(o)(ia)- emotionsGreek thymos, spirit, soul4 courage4 breath, min,emotions

ysthymia

-tic pertaining to Greek -+$%&

toco- chilbirth Greek +%$&

-tome cutting instrument Greek +71

-tomy act of cutting4 incising, incision Greek -+78# Gastrotomy

tono- tone, tension, pressure Greek +%ν&

-tony tension Greek -+ν8#

top(o)- place, topical Greek +%F&

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tox(i)-, tox(o)-, toxico- toin, poison Greek +`$%ν Xooplasmosis

trache(o)- trachea Greek +.#Q?8#

trachel(o)- !f or pertaining to the neck Ancient Greek +.KQ9:& (tr]ch3los), neck Xracheotomy

trans- Denoting something as moing or situate EacrossE or EthroughE Latin (trns), across, through Xransfusion

trich(i)-, trichia, trich(o)- !f or pertaining to hair, hair-like structure Ancient Greek '.8`, +.Q()- (thrH, trich(o)-), hair   Xrichocyst

-tripsy crushing Greek +.8& Lithotripsy

-trophy nourishment, eelopment Greek -+.>8#, +.>1 =seuohypertrophy

tympan(o)- earrum Greek +B7F#νν Xympanocentesis

2

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

-ula, -ule small Latin Woule

ultra- beyon, ecessie Latin

umbilic- !f or pertaining to the nael, the umbilicus Latin (umbilcus), nael, belly-button mbilical

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ungui- !f or pertaining to the nail, a claw Latin (unguis), nail, claw nguiform, ngual

un(i)- one Latin (unus)nilateral hearingloss

ur(o)- !f or pertaining to urine, the urinary system4 (specifically) pertaining to the physiological chemistry ofurine  Ancient Greek .ν (ouron), urineὖ rology

uri(c)-,urico-

uric aci Greek .$%&ὐ

urin- !f or pertaining to urine, the urinary systemLatin ([rna), urine U Ancient Greek .ν (ouron), seeaboe

riniferous

uter(o)- !f or pertaining to the uterus or womb Latin (uterus), womb, uterus terus

3

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

#agin- !f or pertaining to the agina Latin (gna), sheath, scabbar ^agina

#aric(o)- swollen or twiste ein Latin aricose

#as(o)- uct, bloo essel Latin asoconstriction

#asculo- bloo essel Latin

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#en- !f or pertaining to the (bloo) eins, a ein [used in terms pertainin# to t+e ,ascular s)stem  ]  Latin (3na), bloo-essel, ein ^ein,^enospasm

#entr(o)- !f or pertaining to the belly4 the stomach caities Latin (enter), the belly, the stomach4 the womb ^entroorsal

#esic(o)- !f or pertaining to the blaer  Latin (3sca), blaer4 blister  ^esica

#iscer(o)- !f or pertaining to the internal organs, the iscera Latin (iscera), internal organs4 plural of (iscerum), internal organ ^iscera

4

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

xanth(o)- Denoting a yellow color, an abnormally yellow color Ancient Greek ̀ #ν'%& (anthVs), yellow anthopathy

xen(o)- oreign, ifferent Greek `2ν& (enos), stranger   enograft

 5

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

-y conition or process of Latin -ia U Greek -8# \urgery

6

Prefix!suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

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zo(o)- animal, animal life Greek νῷ

zym(o)- fermentation, enJyme Greek B79

6nglish meanings

Xhis section contains lists of ifferent root classification (eg boy components, @uantity, escription, etc) 6ach list is alphabetiJe by 6nglish meanings, with the corresponing Greek an Latin roots

gien

MeitN/oots of the ody

MeitN/oots of odily "oncepts

odily "oncept &reek /oot +atin /oot Other /oot

$igestion -pepsia - -

$isease -pathy - -

Eating -phagia - -

MeitN/oots of body parts and components

(Snternal Anatomy, 6ternal Anatomy, 5oy luis, 5oy \ubstances)

ody Part!"omponent &reek /oot +atin /oot Other /oot

abdomen lapar(o)- abomin- -

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aorta aort(o)- aort(o)- -

arm brachi(o)- - -

armpit - aill- -

artery arteri(o)- - -

back - ors- -

big toe - allic- -

bladder  cyst(o)- esic(o)- -

blood haemat-, hemat- (haem-, hem-) sangui-, sanguine- -

blood clot thromb(o)- - -

blood #essel angi(o)- ascul-, as- -

body somat-, som- corpor- -

bone oste(o)- ossi- -

bone marro7, marro7 myel(o)- meull- -

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brain encephal(o)- cerebr(o)- -

breast mast(o)- mamm(o)- -

chest steth(o)- - -

cheek - bucc- -

ear  ot(o)- aur- -

eggs, o#a oo- o- -

eye ophthalm(o)- ocul(o)- optic(o) [renc+] 

eyelid blephar(o)- cili-4 palpebr- -

face - faci(o)- -

fallopian tubes salping(o)- - -

fat, fatty tissue lip(o)- aip- -

finger  actyl(o)- igit- -

forehead - front(o)- -

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gallbladder  cholecyst(o)- fell- -

genitals, seually unifferentiate gon(o)-, phall(o)- - -

gland aen(o)- - -

glans  penis or clitoridis balan(o)- - -

gums - gingi- -

hair  trich(o)- capill- -

hand cheir(o)-, chir(o)- manu- -

head cephal(o)- capit(o)- -

heart cari(o)- cori- -

hip, hip-8oint - co- -

horn cerat(o)- cornu- -

intestine enter(o)- - -

 8a7 gnath(o)- - -

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kidney nephr(o)- ren- -

knee gon- genu- -

lip cheil(o)-, chil(o)- labi(o)- -

li#er  hepat(o)- (hepatic-) Iecor- -

loins, pubic region episi(o)- puen- -

lungs pneumon- pulmon(i)- (pulmo-) -

marro7, bone marro7 myel(o)- meull- -

mind psych- ment- -

mouth stomat(o)- or- -

muscle my(o)- - -

nail onych(o)- ungui- -

na#el omphal(o)- umbilic- -

neck trachel(o)- ceric- -

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ner#e9 the ner#ous system neur(o)- ner- -

nipple, teat thele- papill-, mammill- -

nose rhin(o)- nas- -

o#ary oophor(o)- oari(o)- -

pel#is pyel(o)- pel(i)- -

penis pe(o)- - -

pupil (of the eye) cor-, core-, coro- - -

rib pleur(o)- cost(o)- -

rib cage thorac(i)-, thorac(o)- - -

shoulder  om(o)- humer(o)- -

sinus - sinus- -

skin ermat(o)- (erm-) cut-, cuticul- -

skull crani(o)- - -

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uterus hyster(o)-, metr(o)- uter(o)- -

#agina colp(o)- agin- -

#ein phleb(o)- en- -

#ul#a episi(o)- ul- -

7omb hyster(o)-, metr(o)- uter(o)- -

7rist carp(o)- carp(o)- -

MeitN/oots of "olor 

"olor &reek /oot in English +atin /oot in English Other /oot

black melano- nigr- -

blue cyano- - -

gray, grey polio- - -

green chlor(o)- ir- -

purple porphyr(o)- purpur-, purpureo- -

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red erythr(o)-, rho(o)- rub-, rubr- -

red-yello7 cirrh(o)- - -

7hite leuc-, leuk- alb- -

yello7 anth(o)- fla- Iaun - [renc+] 

MeitN/oots of description

M\iJe, \hape, \trength, etcN

$escription &reek /oot in English +atin /oot in English Other /oot

bad, incorrect cac(o)-, ys- mal(e)- -

bent, crooked ankyl(o)- pra(i)- -

big mega-, megal(o)- magn(i)- -

biggest megist- maim- -

broad, 7ide eury- lat(i)- -

cold cry(o)- frig(i)- -

dead necr(o)- mort- -

e.ual is(o)- e@u(i)- -

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long macr(o)- long(i)- -

male, masculine arseno- ir- -

narro7 sten(o)- angust(i)- -

ne7 neo- no(i)- -

normal, correct orth(o)- rect(i)- -

old paleo- eter- -

sharp oy- ac- -

short brachy- bre(i)- -

small micr(o)- par(i)- (rare) -

smallest - minim- -

slo7 bray- tar(i)- -

fast tachy- celer- -

soft malac(o)- moll(i)- -

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straight orth(o)- rect(i)- -

thick pachy- crass(i)- -

#aried, #arious poikilo- ari- -

7ell, good eu- ben(e)- -

7ide, broad eury- lat(i)- -

MeitN/oots of position

$escription &reek /oot in English +atin /oot in English Other /oot

around peri- circum- -

left leo- lae(o)-, sinistr- -

middle mes(o)- mei- -

right ei(o)- etr(o)- -

surrounding peri- circum- -

MeitN/oots of .uantity

(Amount, uantity)

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$escription &reek /oot in English +atin /oot in English Other /oot

double iplo- upli- -

e.ual iso- e@ui- -

fe7 oligo- pauci- -

half  hemi- semi- emi- (rench)

many, much poly- multi- -

t7ice is- bis- -