Medical Physics, Medical Physicists, and the AAPM:...
Transcript of Medical Physics, Medical Physicists, and the AAPM:...
Medical Physics,Medical Physicists,and the AAPM:
From Quarks to Cancer
Medical Physics,Medical Physicists,and the AAPM:
From Quarks to Cancer
Jeff Siewerdsen, Ph.D.Associate Professor
Department of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science
Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins University
AAPM Science Council (Member)AAPM Annual Meeting Science Program (Chair)
Imaging Physics Committee (Co-Chair)AAPM Liaison to the RSNA
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Physics in Medicine
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Physics Asks…What is the nature of matter?
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
What is the nature of energy?Physics Asks…
Electricity + Magnetism
Electro-Magnetic Energy
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
How do matter and energy interact?Physics Asks…
• Do nothing at all
• Scatter, reflect, refract
• Absorb
• Excite (e.g., glow or spin)
• Impart molecular change
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
How can we apply our knowledge
of energy and matter against disease?
Medical Physics Asks…
Imaging
Therapy
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Imaging
Therapy
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Imaging
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)
- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Imaging
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography
- Computed Tomography (CT)- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)
- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Imaging
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)
- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Imaging
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)
- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Imaging
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
• Imaging Modalities- X-ray Radiography
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine (PET, SPECT)
- Optical (OCT)
• Imaging Applications- Screening … Diagnosis …
- Staging / Prognostication …
- Planning and guidance of intervention
- Monitoring of treatment response
Medical Imaging
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Imaging
Therapy
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Medical Linear AcceleratorsFor Example: Radiation Therapy
Role of PhysicsAccelerator physicsDose calculationTreatment planningTreatment deliveryQA / verification… and more
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Surgery and Interventional Radiology
Role of PhysicsRobotics / toolsTracking / navigationPlanning / modelingImaging / registration… and more
For example: Minimally Invasive Surgery
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Imaging
TherapyScie
nce
Pro
fess
ion
al
Pra
ctic
e
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
ResearchNew Imaging Methods
A PET scanner… inside an MRI
Ultrasound… with a laser!
Turning a C‐arm… into a CT
A CT scanner….you can stand in!
MRI, PET, CT, etc… of a mouse!
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
ResearchNew Treatment Methods
A linear accelerator… around an MRI
Surgery… by wire
Treating cancer…
… with heavy ions
Killing breast tumors…… with sound.
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
ResearchFundamental Basis of Disease Progression / Response
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Clinical Medical PhysicsBasic ResponsibilitiesAssure the safe and effective delivery of radiation to achieve a diagnostic or therapeutic result
Protect the patient and others from harmful or excessive radiation
Advance procedures to ensure image quality and precise delivery of therapeutic radiation
Develop and direct quality assurance programs
Assist other healthcare professionals in the balance of beneficial and deleterious effects of radiation
Professional QualificationsCertification by the American Board of Medical Physics (ABMP), the American Board of Radiology (ABR), and/or the American Board of Health Physics (ABHP)
Diagnostic and/or Therapy Physicswww.aapm.org
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Clinical Medical PhysicsA Day in the Life…Procedures for evaluating imaging and therapy equipment and radiation detectors
Compliance of equipment / methods with regulations
Acceptance testing and commissioning of imaging and therapy equipment
Review / verification of dosimetry in patient records
QA Program to monitor and evaluate imaging and therapy processes
Radiation safety program
Radiation shielding requirements and planning
Consultation on patient dose and associated risks
Training for medical practitioners
… and morewww.aapm.org
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
The AAPMMissionAdvance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics
Goals1. Promote the highest quality medical physics services for patients.
2. Encourage research and development to advance the discipline.
3. Disseminate scientific and technical information in the discipline.
4. Foster the education and professional development of medical physicists.
5. Support the medical physics education of physicians and other medical professionals.
6. Promote standards for the practice of medical physics.
7. Govern and manage the Association in an effective, efficient, and fiscally responsible manner.
A Quick Plug: Our annual meeting (late July)Vancouver – Charlotte – Indianapolis – Austin – Baltimore (?)High School students welcome! (contact [email protected])
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
The AAPMDemographics*Membership:
Full Members:International:Junior / Resident:Student:
Diagnostic Physics:Therapy Physics:
Mean Age (Full):Male:Female:
PhD:MSc:BSc:
*Errors and omissions are the responsibility of the author (not the AAPM)
7,572
5,147124298758
1,6694,101
465,9521,547
3,1992,778210
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical Physics
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical PhysicsThe Path of Benevolence
Jean
Love of math, physics, and biology
Family member dies of cancer
BS / MS in Nuclear Engineering
PhD in Radiological Health Program
PostdocOn‐the‐job trainingABMP Certification Junior Faculty
FacultyAAPM BoD
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical PhysicsThe Inter‐Disciplinarian
John
Indecision
Recognition of biology and physics
Desire for “unification” Biophysics
PhD in Biophysics
Junior Faculty Radiological Sciences Program
ABR CertificationFacultyAAPM Science Council Chair
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical PhysicsThe Accidental Medical Physicist
Kyle
Physics andAstrophysics
Detectors (particle physics) Imaging (telescopes)
Job prospects?
Opportunity knocksInternship in hospital medical physics program
Junior FacultyABR Certification
PhD in Astrophysics
FacultyTraining ProgramAAPM Ed Program
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical PhysicsThe Student In‐The‐Know
Nick
BSc Medical Physics
MSc Medical Biophysics
PhysicsResidencyCertification
ClinicalPhysics
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paths to Medical PhysicsIn short, there is no fixed path to a career in Medical PhysicsStudents should be aware that Medical Physics exists as a field of physics with rich opportunities in research, education, and professional / clinical practice
Formal DEPARTMENTS of Medical Physics can be rare, but other departments and programs may provide appropriate training, for example:
Biophysics Radiological Health Nuclear EngineeringBiomedical Engineering Computer Science Physics
Students should look deep into curricula, faculty, and research projects to find appropriate medical physics programs and research opportunities
ABR and ABMP certification require training in an accredited Medical Physics Residency Training Program.
Things are changing fast. Medical Physics training quickly becoming formalized.
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
e-
e+
A Final Thought
Paul A. M. Dirac
Theorized the existence of anti-matter (observed 1 year later)
Bra-ket notation for quantum physics
Dirac delta function…
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Paul A. M. Dirac
“The fundamental problems in physics awaiting solution:
… the nature of atomic nuclei…
… to be followed by more difficult ones such as the problem of life.”
(1931)
A Final Thought
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Acknowledgments
Jean MoranUniversity of Michigan
John BooneUC Davis
A. Kyle JonesMD Anderson
Nick ShkumatCleveland Clinic
E. I. ParsaiUniversity of Toledo
Funding Support and Disclosures for Dr. SiewerdsenNational Institutes of HealthSiemens HealthcareElekta Oncology SystemsCarestream Health
Contributions and Personal Communication
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)
Acknowledgments
W. TomeUniversity of Wisconsin
C. LevinStanford University
Alex Vitkin, Ontario Cancer Institute
GE, GammaMedica, and NatureMedicine
Keissling et al.Nature Medicine 2004
Ferenc JoleszMass General Hospital
www.aapm.org www.aapm.org
Dr. Jeff Siewerdsen (Johns Hopkins University)
See Acknowledgments Slide for Contributing Support January 7, 2011 (American Center for Physics)